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Does public scrutiny on corporate tax decisions affect directors? Effects of responsible (irresponsible) corporate tax practices on director reputation 公众对公司税务决策的监督会影响董事吗?负责任(不负责任)的公司税行为对董事声誉的影响
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2112549
Chun Keung (Stan) Hoi, Yun Ke, Qiang Wu, Hao Zhang

In 2004, the Citizens of Tax Justice (CTJ) released a report that significantly raised public awareness of corporate tax avoidance practices in the companies that it scrutinised in the study. Using a six-year period straddling the CTJ event, we compare over time changes in external board seats held by incumbent directors serving scrutinised firms against those of their counterparts serving control firms with comparable tax practices but that were not scrutinised in the CTJ study. Incumbent directors in scrutinised firms with minimal tax avoidance practices gained more external board seats after the CTJ event than did board members in control firms. However, directors in scrutinised firms with aggressive tax avoidance practices neither gained nor lost more external board seats after the CTJ event than did directors in control firms. These findings provide little evidence that constituents in the corporate sector overwhelmingly favour tax minimisation practices as acceptable practices of conducting business operations. Rather, they provide evidence that corporate constituents, like their social peers, are somewhat attuned to the expectation for socially responsible tax practices. Lastly, we find that directors in scruitised firms with minimal tax avoidance practices are more likely to gain board seats from like-minded firms with responsible tax practices.

2004年,税务正义公民(CTJ)发布了一份报告,该报告大大提高了公众对其所调查公司避税行为的认识。利用横跨CTJ活动的六年时间,我们比较了受审查公司的现任董事所持有的外部董事会席位随时间的变化,以及在具有可比税收做法、但CTJ研究未对其进行审查的控股公司任职的董事所持有的外部董事会席位的变化。与控股公司的董事会成员相比,在CTJ事件后,在避税行为最少的受审查公司中,现任董事获得了更多的外部董事会席位。然而,与控股公司的董事相比,在CTJ事件发生后,具有积极避税行为的受审查公司的董事既没有获得也没有失去更多的外部董事会席位。这些发现几乎没有证据表明,企业部门的成员绝大多数支持将税收最小化做法作为开展业务运营的可接受做法。相反,它们提供的证据表明,企业成员和他们的社会同伴一样,在某种程度上适应了对社会负责任的税收做法的期望。最后,我们发现,在避税行为最少的受审查公司中,董事更有可能从具有负责任税务行为的志同道合的公司获得董事会席位。
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引用次数: 0
Capital market response to high quality annual reporting: evidence from UK annual report awards 资本市场对高质量年度报告的反应:来自英国年度报告奖的证据
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2106542
Justin Chircop, Jacqueline Gagnon, S. Young
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引用次数: 0
Does mandatory disclosure of firm’s tax avoidance position affect corporate investment efficiency? 强制披露企业避税状况是否会影响企业投资效率?
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2106175
K. Mehmood, Hongbin Tan, Xuedan Tao, H. Wang
This paper examines the effect of a firm’s tax avoidance position disclosure on corporate investment efficiency by utilising an exogenous shock to corporate tax reporting that mandates firms to disclose uncertain tax positions in their financial statements under Financial Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48). We find that, after FIN 48, firms claiming uncertain tax benefits (i.e. affected firms) experience a significant decrease in investment efficiency relative to firms that do not have uncertain tax positions (i.e. non-affected firms). Our finding suggests that, despite promoting transparency, FIN 48 imposes an unfavourable information revelation effect that reduces investment efficiency for affected firms. In terms of the mechanism, we provide evidence that affected firms experience a larger increase (drop) in cost of capital (external financing) following FIN 48 and rule out an alternative explanation that the decreased investment efficiency may arise from internal liquidity constraints. In cross-sectional analyses, we find the adverse effect to be more pronounced for firms with higher disclosure quality, higher tax uncertainty, and more severe financial constraints. These findings provide insight into the debate on why firms sometimes forgo tax avoidance opportunities by pointing out a potential cost of tax avoidance.
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引用次数: 1
Discussion of ‘The impact of the adoption of IFRS 11 on the comparability of accounting information’ 关于“采用IFRS 11对会计信息可比性的影响”的讨论
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2082679
K. Schipper
Comparability of accounting information allows users of that information to detect and understand similarities and differences in the events and arrangements depicted in financial reports. Comparability is both a component of the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) standard-setting objectives and an enhancing qualitative characteristic of useful financial information in the IASB’s conceptual framework. With respect to comparability as a standard-setting objective, the Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards (para. 6(a)) states that the IASB’s objective is ‘to develop... a single set of high quality... globally accepted financial reporting standards... [that] require high quality, transparent and comparable information in financial statements... .’ The objective indicates that the standards whose application produces comparable information should perform this function globally, that is, in any jurisdiction that requires or permits the use of the IASB’s standards. With respect to comparability as a qualitative characteristic of useful accounting information, the IASB’s Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (the Framework) defines comparability as a property of reported information that ‘enables users to identify and understand similarities in, and differences among, items’ (IASB 2018, para. QC21). A condition for achieving comparability is that ‘like things must look alike and different things must look different’ (IASB 2018, para. QC 23). Put another way, similar accounting for similar items and different accounting for different items is the channel or mechanism for achieving comparable financial reporting information, and this feature should be invariant to the jurisdiction in which the reporting occurs.
会计信息的可比性使该信息的用户能够发现和理解财务报告中所述事件和安排的相似性和差异性。可比性既是国际会计准则理事会(IASB)制定标准目标的一个组成部分,也是IASB概念框架中有用财务信息的一个增强质量特征。关于作为标准制定目标的可比性,《国际财务报告准则序言》(第6(a)段)指出,国际会计准则理事会的目标是“制定。。。单套高品质。。。全球公认的财务报告标准。。。需要在财务报表中提供高质量、透明和可比的信息……”目标表明,其应用产生可比信息的标准应在全球范围内履行这一职能,即在任何要求或允许使用国际会计准则理事会标准的司法管辖区内。关于可比性作为有用会计信息的一个定性特征,国际会计准则理事会的财务报告概念框架(“框架”)将可比性定义为报告信息的一种属性,“使用户能够识别和理解项目中的相似性和差异性”(国际会计准则委员会2018,第QC21段)。实现可比性的一个条件是“相似的东西必须看起来相似,不同的东西必须看上去不同”(IASB 2018,第QC 23段)。换言之,类似项目的相似核算和不同项目的不同核算是实现可比财务报告信息的渠道或机制,这一特征应与报告发生的司法管辖区保持不变。
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引用次数: 2
‘Does Every Accounting Issue Need a Solution?’ A practitioner view 每个会计问题都需要解决吗从业者观点
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2079746
Doug King
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引用次数: 0
Accounting in the Anthropocene: A roadmap for stewardship 人类世的会计:管理的路线图
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2079780
J. Bebbington, Andrew N. Rubin
Stewardship is a concept that has historically underpinned the practice of accounting, with a focus on the stewardship of financial resources. As times change, so too do the elements of organisational performance that might be subject to stewardship demands. Critically for this paper, a roadmap for organisational stewardship in the Anthropocene is developed. In brief, the Anthropocene is a term used to describe how human actions drive earth systems functioning, generating effects (for example) on the climate system as well as on the diversity of living creatures. Given these effects, an enlarged understanding of stewardship emerges that focuses on corporate purpose that takes account of wider than financial ambitions and effects as well as on governance processes that can support a broader perspective. The paper also highlights that achieving stewardship for ‘wicked problems’ that emerge from complex adaptive systems (with emergent elements and tipping points) might be best addressed by coalitions of organisations collaborating to achieve systems effects. Such an approach also suggests that accounting data gathering and tracing of organisational impact will require greater spatial capabilities than have previously been the case. Accounting for stewardship in the Anthropocene, therefore, represents a significant advance to current accounting practice.
管理权是一个历史上支持会计实践的概念,其重点是财务资源的管理。随着时代的变化,可能受到管理要求约束的组织绩效要素也在变化。对本文来说至关重要的是,人类世组织管理的路线图已经制定出来。简言之,人类世是一个用来描述人类行为如何驱动地球系统运转,对气候系统和生物多样性产生影响的术语。鉴于这些影响,对管理的理解有所扩大,重点关注企业目标,考虑到更广泛的财务野心和影响,以及能够支持更广泛视角的治理过程。该论文还强调,对复杂自适应系统(具有突发因素和临界点)中出现的“邪恶问题”进行管理,最好由合作实现系统效果的组织联盟来解决。这种方法还表明,会计数据收集和组织影响跟踪将需要比以前更大的空间能力。因此,人类世管理会计是对当前会计实践的重大进步。
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引用次数: 7
Does every accounting issue need a solution? 每一个会计问题都需要解决吗?
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2079736
K. Hombach, T. Sellhorn
We discuss the concept and costs of resolving accounting issues. We first characterise the (degree of) resolution of an accounting issue as a continuous concept, arguing that an accounting issue is unresolved where an established solution is either uncertain or produces financial information with undesired consequences. We then describe standard setters and market participants as possible institutions that can contribute to such resolution. A series of standard-setting cases illustrates different settings as well as sources and degrees of resolution. We then review extant studies that speak to two important cost factors shaping the supply of accounting solutions: costs of learning about accounting solutions and opportunity costs arising from reduced incentives for innovations in accounting. We conclude with suggestions for future research and implications for standard setting.
我们讨论了解决会计问题的概念和成本。我们首先将会计问题的解决(程度)描述为一个连续的概念,认为如果既定的解决方案不确定或产生不希望的后果的财务信息,则会计问题是未解决的。然后,我们将标准制定者和市场参与者描述为可能有助于解决此类问题的机构。一系列标准制定案例说明了不同的设置以及来源和解决程度。然后,我们回顾了现有的研究,这些研究涉及塑造会计解决方案供应的两个重要成本因素:学习会计解决方案的成本和会计创新激励减少所产生的机会成本。最后,我们提出了对未来研究的建议和对标准制定的影响。
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引用次数: 2
‘Accounting standards: the “too difficult” box - the next big accounting issue?’ A practitioner view 会计准则:“太难了”的盒子——下一个重大会计问题从业者观点
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2079767
Veronica Poole
Barth (2022) addresses two topics that I think many of us would identify as the hot issues of the day. Technology is transforming our world, and there is plenty of research that shows that 90% of the value of the companies today is in the intangibles. The top ten business risks according to the World Economic Forum ’ s risks report are Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) related, and that of course includes climate change. Information on these aspects is critical for understanding risks and the drivers of enterprise values today and it is therefore directly relevant to investment decisions. To me, the practitioner, accounting is not just about recognition and measurement in the fi nancial statements. It is about communication of decision-useful information. The key word is ‘ communication ’ , which enables investor decisions to be made in an informed, consistent, comparable way. This is not, therefore, a discrete dataset that we need. It is a continuum of information, from the state-ment of the purpose of the company, what it is actually setting out to do, its strategy, its governance, the targets that it sets for itself, the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) it uses to measure progress against those targets, and ultimately the results for the reporting period, which would only make sense if they are set in that broader context. Some of this information is captured in monetary values of course, such as the numbers in fi nancial statements, some through performance and non- fi nancial metrics, and some through the narrative disclosures that provide context for the numbers or explain the numbers and how they have been derived.
巴斯(2022)探讨了两个话题,我认为我们中的许多人会认为这是当今的热点问题。科技正在改变我们的世界,大量研究表明,当今公司90%的价值是无形资产。根据世界经济论坛的风险报告,十大商业风险与环境、社会和治理(ESG)相关,当然也包括气候变化。这些方面的信息对于理解当今企业价值的风险和驱动因素至关重要,因此它与投资决策直接相关。对我这个从业人员来说,会计不仅仅是财务报表中的确认和计量。它是关于决策有用信息的交流。关键字是“沟通”,它使投资者能够以知情、一致、可比的方式做出决策。因此,这不是我们需要的离散数据集。它是一个信息的连续体,从公司的目的陈述,它实际上是在做什么,它的战略,它的治理,它为自己设定的目标,它用来衡量这些目标的进展的关键绩效指标(kpi),以及最终报告期间的结果,只有在更广泛的背景下才有意义。当然,其中一些信息是以货币价值的形式体现的,比如财务报表中的数字,有些通过业绩和非财务指标体现,有些通过提供数字背景或解释数字及其推导方式的叙述性披露体现。
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引用次数: 1
Accounting standards: the ‘too difficult’ box – the next big accounting issue? 会计准则:“太难”的盒子——下一个重大会计问题?
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2079757
Mary E. Barth
Embracing the perspective of accounting as providing information to support capital allocation decisions could help avoid accounting issues ending up in the ‘Too Difficult' Box. Investors need and use information not contained in traditional financial statements. Thus, focusing on financial statements as the sole accounting output limits the ability of accounting reports to meet investors' information needs. Two issues on the horizon—accounting for digital assets and the effects of climate change—reveal how embracing this perspective could help avoid the ‘Too Difficult' Box. These issues reveal pitfalls arising from trying to fit newly created assets into categories—and consequent accounting—designed for previously identified assets. The issues also reveal potential benefits of substituting non-financial information for unavailable financial information rather than omitting the items from accounting reports. Both issues reinforce investors' need for information about risk. Digital assets, climate change, risk, and—more broadly—whether and how accounting reports should be broadened beyond financial statements motivate many interesting research questions. Insights from this research are vital as accounting faces potentially revolutionary changes in investors’ information needs.
将会计观点视为提供支持资本分配决策的信息,有助于避免会计问题最终进入“太难”的盒子。投资者需要并使用传统财务报表中未包含的信息。因此,将财务报表作为唯一的会计输出限制了会计报告满足投资者信息需求的能力。即将到来的两个问题——数字资产的核算和气候变化的影响——揭示了接受这一观点如何有助于避免“太难”的盒子。这些问题揭示了试图将新创建的资产分类——以及为先前确定的资产设计的后续会计——所产生的陷阱。这些问题还揭示了用非财务信息代替不可用的财务信息而不是从会计报告中省略这些项目的潜在好处。这两个问题都强化了投资者对风险信息的需求。数字资产、气候变化、风险,以及更广泛地说,是否以及如何将会计报告扩展到财务报表之外,激发了许多有趣的研究问题。这项研究的见解至关重要,因为会计面临着投资者信息需求的潜在革命性变化。
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引用次数: 5
‘Why do accounting issues end up in the “too difficult” box?’ A practitioner view 为什么会计问题最终会被归为“太难”?实践者的观点
IF 1.7 4区 管理学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2022.2079699
H. Hoogervorst
It is a pleasure to have the opportunity to react to Katherine Schipper ’ s thoughtful paper (Schip-per 2022). The IASB has always worked closely with academia and Katherine ’ s thought leader-ship has always been much appreciated. Katherine Schipper ’ s paper touches upon some of the most intractable accounting issues that have proven to be unsolvable over the years. She men-tions the distinction between liabilities and equity, performance reporting and other comprehen-sive income. These were indeed very tough issues which took up much of our Board time during my chairmanship without us being able to come up with a 100% perfect solution. Katherine gives two main reasons for such accounting issues remaining elusive. The fi rst underlying cause is the lack of clear conceptual solutions. Even when a conceptually grounded solution exists, a solution may not be feasible practically, for example when it requires so many subjective judgments and estimates that the resulting information is unlikely to be comparable. It can also be the case that the solution leads to fi nancial performance reporting outcomes that are viewed as inherently undesirable. In this respect Katherine refers speci fi cally to the widespread hostility to volatility in the income statement.
很高兴有机会对Katherine Schipper的深思熟虑的论文(Schip/2022)做出回应。国际会计准则理事会一直与学术界密切合作,凯瑟琳的思想领袖地位一直备受赞赏。Katherine Schipper的论文涉及了一些最棘手的会计问题,这些问题多年来一直无法解决。她强调了负债和权益、业绩报告和其他综合收入之间的区别。这些确实是非常棘手的问题,在我担任主席期间,这些问题占用了我们董事会的大部分时间,而我们却无法拿出100%完美的解决方案。Katherine给出了这类会计问题仍然难以捉摸的两个主要原因。第一个根本原因是缺乏明确的概念解决方案。即使存在基于概念的解决方案,解决方案在实践中也可能不可行,例如,当它需要如此多的主观判断和估计,以至于产生的信息不太可能具有可比性时。也可能是这种解决方案导致财务绩效报告结果被认为是固有的不良结果。在这方面,Katherine特别提到了对损益表波动性的普遍敌意。
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引用次数: 0
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Accounting and Business Research
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