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Map SPD clamping voltages on to spectral clusters generated by Wavelet transformation 将SPD箝位电压映射到小波变换生成的谱簇上
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627383
N. Sapumanage, S. Nanayakkara, S. Abegunawardana, M. Fernando, V. Cooray
This study employed wavelet transformation to disclose the spectrograms of IEC standard impulses and real transient voltages generated by the cloud to ground discharges. The spectral details of each impulse were subdivided into different spectral clusters and the outcome was mapped into respective voltage levels and time to develop correlations. Eventually different protection voltage levels of commercially available surge protection devices (SPDs) and the voltage levels of different spectral clusters were compared to determine whether harmful energy infringements could be possible when the spectral clusters are wrapped by SPDs. This study revealed that all IEC impulses have identical spectral clusters whereas real transient voltages demonstrated that they are inherited with much random spectral distributions. Thus, planning for foolproof through benchmarking real transient impulses against IEC impulses would not produce guaranteed outcomes. Hence, a poor selection of clamping voltages may create a permanent window to infringing a small quantum of harmful energy on a constant basis into sensitive systems to trigger silent killing of basic functional units.
本研究利用小波变换揭示了IEC标准脉冲和云对地放电产生的真实瞬态电压的频谱图。每个脉冲的频谱细节被细分为不同的频谱簇,并将结果映射到各自的电压水平和时间以建立相关性。最后,比较了市售浪涌保护装置(spd)的不同保护电压水平和不同频谱簇的电压水平,以确定当频谱簇被spd包裹时,是否可能产生有害的能量侵权。该研究表明,所有的IEC脉冲具有相同的频谱簇,而实际瞬态电压表明它们具有许多随机的频谱分布。因此,通过对真实瞬态脉冲与IEC脉冲进行基准测试来制定万无一失的计划,将无法产生有保证的结果。因此,箝位电压的选择不当可能会造成一个永久的窗口,使少量有害能量在恒定的基础上侵入敏感系统,从而触发基本功能单元的无声杀伤。
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引用次数: 0
Lightning performance and formula description of a Y-shaped composite pylon considering the effect of tower-footing impedance 考虑塔基阻抗影响的y形复合塔防雷性能及公式描述
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627494
K. Yin, M. Ghomi, F. D. da Silva, C. Bak, Hanchi Zhang, Qian Wang, H. Skouboe
This paper presents systematic research on the lightning performance of a novel Y-shaped composite pylon for 400 kV transmission lines and the feasibility of empirical formulas for this kind of tower when considering the effect of tower-footing impedance. The transient overvoltage response to a lightning surge at the tip of the pylon is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. Compared with the Donau tower, the composite pylon shows a similar backflash rate (BFR) level. Then, we use qualitative analysis based on lumped parameter model and distributed parameter model to predict the critical flashover current (IC) of the composite pylon. We find that the calculated results exhibit higher error deflection when the existing empirical formulas are applied in the Y-shaped pylon. Furthermore, the simulated lightning performance has a lower sensitivity to varied tower-footing impedance compared with empirical formula calculation. The special structure of the Y-shaped pylon, the discontinuity in surge impedance and the soil ionization are analyzed to account for the role of tower-footing impedance on lightning performance. Finally, we improve the accuracy of the empirical formulas to the Y-shaped pylon lightning performance and discuss the effect of the footing impedance on the BFR.
本文系统地研究了一种新型的400kv输电线路y形复合塔的防雷性能,并在考虑塔底阻抗影响的情况下,探讨了该型塔经验公式的可行性。在PSCAD/EMTDC中模拟了塔端雷击浪涌的瞬态过电压响应。与多瑙塔相比,复合塔具有相似的反闪率(BFR)水平。然后,采用基于集总参数模型和分布参数模型的定性分析方法对复合塔的临界闪络电流进行了预测。结果表明,将已有的经验公式应用于y形塔时,计算结果有较大的误差偏差。此外,与经验公式计算相比,模拟雷击性能对塔底阻抗变化的敏感性较低。分析了y形塔的特殊结构、浪涌阻抗的不连续以及土壤电离等因素,说明了塔基阻抗对防雷性能的影响。最后,提高了经验公式对y形塔防雷性能的准确性,并讨论了基础阻抗对桥架防雷性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Lightning-induced Overvoltage of 10 kV Distribution Line Based on Electromagnetic Return -stroke Model Using FDTD 基于FDTD电磁回行程模型的10kv配电线路雷击过电压分析
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627490
Jian Sun, Qing Yang, W. Xu, Zhong Qin, Ke Wang
Generally, lightning-induced overvoltage is a cause of most lightning trip accidents. In this paper, 3-D FDTD numerical method is used. The full-wave analysis solution of the electromagnetic field is obtained by selecting the electromagnetic return stroke model of the lightning channel, and the lightning-induced overvoltage of the distribution line is calculated directly. The influences of both the ground conductivity and the distance between the distribution line and the lightning strike point on the propagation characteristics of lightning-induced overvoltage are analyzed. The conclusion shows that when lightning strikes the lossy (a=0.01 S/m) and ideal ground (a=oo), the changing trend of lightning-induced overvoltage at the middle point of the line is similar, but the former has a higher amplitude of lightning-induced overvoltage. The maximum value of the overvoltage presents a second-order exponential decay trend with the distance.
一般来说,雷击过电压是大多数雷击事故的原因之一。本文采用三维时域有限差分数值方法。选取雷电通道的电磁回程行程模型,得到电磁场的全波分析解,并直接计算配电线路的雷击过电压。分析了地电导率和配电线路与雷击点之间的距离对雷击过电压传播特性的影响。结果表明,当雷电击中损耗(a=0.01 S/m)和理想地(a=0)时,线路中点雷击过电压的变化趋势相似,但前者的雷击过电压幅值更高。过电压最大值随距离增大呈二阶指数衰减趋势。
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引用次数: 3
Very High Frequency and Microwave Radiation Associated with Initial Breakdown Process in CG Lightning Flashes from Tropical Storms 与热带风暴CG闪电初始击穿过程相关的甚高频和微波辐射
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627445
Muhammad Haziq Mohammad Sabri, Ammar Al-Kahtani, N. H. Nik Ali, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab-Kadir, M. Ahmad, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul Baharin, Taha Raad Al-Shaikhli, Malik Hasan Ahmed, Mona Riza Mohd Esa, V. Cooray, Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidik
We present the observation of VHF and microwave radiation pulses associated with initial breakdown process of five negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) flashes from two tropical storms. The -CG flashes were detected within and beyond reversal distances with the locations of the first return stroke were less than 10 km. Out of five flashes, only one detected with initial electric field change (IEC) process. Both VHF and microwave pulses were detected before the first classic IB pulse and the first microwave pulses were found to lead the first VHF pulses ranging between 0.03 and 23.9 μS.
本文报道了两个热带风暴产生的5个负云对地闪光的初始击穿过程的VHF和微波辐射脉冲观测。在第一次回击的位置小于10公里的反转距离内和以外都检测到-CG闪光。在五次闪光中,只有一次检测到初始电场变化(IEC)过程。VHF脉冲和微波脉冲都先于第一个经典的IB脉冲,并且发现第一个微波脉冲领先于第一个VHF脉冲,范围在0.03 ~ 23.9 μS之间。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of indirect effects caused by lightning strikes in aeronautical structures 航空结构中雷击造成的间接影响的模拟
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627492
R. Callegari, J. Pissolato Filho, Ricardo A. de Araujo
Carbon fiber composites (CFC) are being widely used in the aircraft industry due to their excellent properties. Its low weight, better resistance to corrosion and fatigue, are one of the advantages compared to metals such as aluminum. With the increasing use of CFC in aircraft, studies on the effects of lightning strikes on these materials are extremely important. The study of the indirect effects caused by an atmospheric discharge concerns the effects of the current conduction through the fuselage of an aircraft. In this study, lightning strikes are simulated when applied to the CFC and the indirect effects caused by the conduction of the current are analyzed.
碳纤维复合材料以其优异的性能在飞机工业中得到了广泛的应用。与铝等金属相比,其重量轻,耐腐蚀和抗疲劳性能更好。随着氯氟烃在飞机上的使用越来越多,研究雷击对这些材料的影响非常重要。大气放电引起的间接效应的研究涉及通过飞机机身的电流传导效应。在本研究中,模拟了应用于CFC时的雷击,并分析了电流传导引起的间接影响。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Characterization of Reinforced Concrete Cable Ducts 钢筋混凝土电缆管道的试验特性
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627498
Susana Naranjo Villamil, Eric Piedallu, J. Gazave, C. Guiffaut, A. Reineix
When a building is struck by lightning in an industrial facility, a partial lightning current can flow through the reinforcement of cable ducts, causing interference to the cables routing inside. The distribution of the lightning current among the paths leading away from the building depends on their impedance. In this paper, we present the impedance measured in two different cable ducts: one duct with a wire-tied reinforcement and the other with a welded reinforcement. The measurements are compared to the results of numerical simulations carried out using the FDTD method.
在工业设施中,当建筑物被雷击时,部分雷击电流会流过电缆管道的加固层,对内部的电缆布线造成干扰。从建筑物引出的路径之间的闪电电流分布取决于它们的阻抗。在本文中,我们介绍了在两种不同的电缆管道中测量的阻抗:一种管道采用线扎加固,另一种管道采用焊接加固。将测量结果与FDTD方法的数值模拟结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency Dependence of Multilayer Soil Electrical Parameters: Effects on Ground Potential Rise 多层土壤电参数的频率依赖性:对地电位上升的影响
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627403
M. Ghomi, C. Bak, F. D. da Silva
The paper presents a comprehensive study on the effect of frequency dependence of multilayer soil electrical parameters (SEPs) on ground potential rise (GPR). The lightning current has a large effect on the GPR. Typical analysis has often been based on quasistatic approximation that disregards the exact model of the grounding systems in the transient analysis of electrical networks, input impedance and GPR. To compute GPR in this paper, the full-wave approach based on the MoM solution to Maxwell equations is employed. To model the transient behavior of grounding systems, this method uses minimal approximations to find out GPR. The frequency dependence of SEPs combined with a multilayer soil are two complex issues that are modeled together. In the analysis of the GPR, special attention is given to the influences emanating from the soil multilayer structure and frequency dependency of SEPs. The GPR is calculated for three different soil configuration namely: 1) single layer, 2) two layer and 3) multilayer. From the simulations, the peak value of the GPR reduces when the frequency dependence of SEPs are taken into account. It is shown that considering the frequency dependent of multilayer SEPs can affect on the input impedance of grounding systems and GPR calculations.
本文全面研究了多层土壤电参数的频率依赖性对地电位上升的影响。雷击电流对探地雷达有很大的影响。在电网暂态分析、输入阻抗和探地雷达分析中,典型的分析往往基于准静态近似,而忽略了接地系统的精确模型。为了计算探地雷达,本文采用了基于Maxwell方程MoM解的全波方法。为了模拟接地系统的暂态行为,该方法采用最小逼近法求出探地雷达。与多层土壤相结合的sep频率依赖性是两个复杂的问题。在探地雷达分析中,特别注意了土壤多层结构和sep频率依赖性的影响。计算了三种不同土壤形态的探地雷达:1)单层,2)双层和3)多层。仿真结果表明,当考虑sep的频率依赖性时,探地雷达的峰值减小。研究表明,考虑多层sep的频率依赖性会影响接地系统的输入阻抗和探地雷达的计算。
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引用次数: 2
Protection Measures against Wire Breaking due to Lightning on Overhead Power Distribution Lines 架空配电线路雷电致断线保护措施
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627462
S. Yokoyama, Tomoyuki Sato
A wire breakage accident of overhead power distribution lines (OPDL) has a great impact on the reliability of power supply and public safety. As the wire of an OPDL has been changed from a bare wire to an insulated (covered) wire, the number of wire breakage accidents increases rapidly. Regarding the wire breakage of insulated wires, the authors explain the mechanism of the OPDL wire breakage accident and evaluate the countermeasures used in Japan. Insulated wires are more susceptible to wire breakage accidents than bare wires. Also, when a lightning strike occurs on a support pole of a distribution line, a wire breakage accident is most likely to occur. In rare cases, the wire breaks in the middle between two poles. Its cause is mostly a side flash from a tree. In Japan, various methods such as improved electric wires, special arcing horns, and arcing horns with zinc oxide elements have been applied as measures against wire breaking, and certain effects have been confirmed.
架空配电线路的断线事故对供电的可靠性和公共安全产生重大影响。随着OPDL线路由裸线改为绝缘(包覆)线,断线事故数量迅速增加。针对绝缘电线的断线问题,阐述了OPDL断线事故的发生机理,并对日本采取的对策进行了评价。绝缘电线比裸电线更容易发生断线事故。同时,当雷击发生在配电线路的支撑杆上时,最容易发生断线事故。在极少数情况下,电线在两极之间的中间断裂。它的原因主要是一棵树的侧面闪光。在日本,采用改良电线、特殊电弧角、添加氧化锌元素的电弧角等各种方法作为防止断线的措施,并取得了一定效果。
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引用次数: 1
Tropical Lightning Damage on Various Commercial Aircraft Shapes and Sizes 热带闪电对各种形状和尺寸商用飞机的损害
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627371
Wisnu Adyatma, Bryan Denov, S. Hidayat, R. Zoro
Air transportation is fast, connecting one island to another in Indonesia. Due to tropical lightning strike in Indonesia, commercial aircraft can be damaged, even result in fatal accident. This research aims to evaluate the threat and damage to various types of aircraft due to tropical lightning strikes. By analyzing the tropical lightning characteristic, it can be concluded that the characteristics of tropical lightning will increase the flight disturbance. Aside from that, the shape and size of the aircraft affect the risk of an aircraft being struck by lightning. Winglets on aircraft will increase the risk of lightning strikes on the wings. The bigger the plane, the greater the chance of the nose getting hit. On the other hand, the smaller the aircraft, the greater the chance that the body, tail, wings, engine, and HF Transceiver will be damaged by a lightning strike. Lastly, the bigger the plane, the safer it is against the threat of tropical lightning strikes.
印尼的航空运输速度很快,可以将一个岛屿连接到另一个岛屿。由于热带雷击在印度尼西亚,商用飞机可以损坏,甚至导致致命的事故。本研究旨在评估热带雷击对各类飞机的威胁和损害。通过对热带闪电特征的分析,可以得出热带闪电特征会增加飞行扰动的结论。除此之外,飞机的形状和大小也会影响飞机被闪电击中的风险。飞机上的小翼会增加机翼被雷击的风险。飞机越大,机头被击中的几率就越大。另一方面,飞机越小,机身、机尾、机翼、发动机和高频收发器被雷击损坏的可能性就越大。最后,飞机越大,就越能抵御热带雷击的威胁。
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引用次数: 0
GeoRayos Web and App. Lightning protection in Argentina to Increase Awareness 在阿根廷提高防雷意识
Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627417
M. G. Nicora, D. Baissac, M. Falcó, M. F. Barle, Raul Delia, C. Villagran
It has been demonstrated that the way to change behaviours and misconceptions about concepts, in this case lightning protection, requires continuity over time and interdisciplinary work. The GeoRayos Project was born more than 6 years ago trying to provide a tool both in the operational part of the meteorological alerts, as well as in the protection of people. In this context we present the evolution of GeoRayos, which shows the importance of the synergy between different institutions in order to carry out our objectives. This new version has a differentiated structure for the general public and for decision-makers, with the addition of information on protection and social networks. Nowadays, GeoRayos is currently used by decision makers from various institutions such as Civil Defense, National Fire Management Service, and National Parks, as well as meteorologists from the Argentine National Meteorological Service.
已经证明,改变行为和对概念的误解的方式,在这种情况下防雷,需要随着时间的推移和跨学科的工作的连续性。GeoRayos项目诞生于六年多前,旨在为气象警报的操作部分和保护人员提供工具。在这种背景下,我们提出了GeoRayos的演变,这表明了不同机构之间协同作用的重要性,以实现我们的目标。这个新版本为普通公众和决策者提供了不同的结构,并增加了有关保护和社交网络的信息。如今,GeoRayos目前被民防、国家消防管理局和国家公园等各种机构的决策者以及阿根廷国家气象局的气象学家使用。
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引用次数: 0
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中国防雷
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