Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.57823
Artur F. Avelar, Luisa Fernandes Soares
For an adequate design of radial cams with translating roller followers, it is necessary to maintain the constraint that maximum pressure angle cannot exceed the empirically accepted value of 30°. The direct calculation of this parameter is difficult and it is usually sought to reduce it by trial and error. Nomograms that exist so far only calculated this angle for cams with no eccentricity between follower and cam. This research presents two nomograms with this additional parameter, which allows for greater design freedom using all available variables. The charts are for cycloidal and harmonic motion curves, and can be used for their full and half curves. The study discusses the advantages of using nomograms and the methods to obtain low values of maximum pressure angle by satisfactorily combining available parameters. Although nomograms are no longer a widely used tool in the industry, they still have didactic functions in textbooks and could be useful for preliminary analysis in engineering projects.
{"title":"Nomograms for maximum pressure angles in radial cams with follower eccentricity for cycloidal and harmonic motion curves","authors":"Artur F. Avelar, Luisa Fernandes Soares","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.57823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.57823","url":null,"abstract":"For an adequate design of radial cams with translating roller followers, it is necessary to maintain the constraint that maximum pressure angle cannot exceed the empirically accepted value of 30°. The direct calculation of this parameter is difficult and it is usually sought to reduce it by trial and error. Nomograms that exist so far only calculated this angle for cams with no eccentricity between follower and cam. This research presents two nomograms with this additional parameter, which allows for greater design freedom using all available variables. The charts are for cycloidal and harmonic motion curves, and can be used for their full and half curves. The study discusses the advantages of using nomograms and the methods to obtain low values of maximum pressure angle by satisfactorily combining available parameters. Although nomograms are no longer a widely used tool in the industry, they still have didactic functions in textbooks and could be useful for preliminary analysis in engineering projects.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82740580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60888
A. Sousa, R. M. A. Mendes, Francianne Vieira Mourão, Maamar El Robrini, J. Pereira, Pedro Henrique Campos Sousa, M. L. S. Santos
We characterized the spatial and seasonal distributions of different phosphorus fractions in surface sediments from the Furo of Muriá estuary by chemical fractionation. Five phosphorus species were successfully separated: phosphorus bound to Fe/Al oxyhydroxides (non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) ranging from 164.54 to 280.32 μg g-1), phosphorus bound to calcium (apatite phosphorus (AP) ranging from 63.02 to 102.80 μg g-1), inorganic phosphorus (IP, ranging from 227.21 to 378.61 μg g-1), organic phosphorus (OP, ranging from 30.33 to 135.88 μg g-1) and total phosphorus (TP, ranging from 257.54 to 507.73 μg g-1), in which 88% of TP is constituted by IP. Statistical results showed that seasonality was not a major factor influencing phosphorus concentrations. Considering the classification of estuarine sediment conditions, we can conclude that the TP concentrations found in Furo of Muriá do not yet indicate the risk of environmental deterioration.
{"title":"Phosphorus concentrations in sediments from the equatorial Amazon estuary, Furo of Muriá, Pará State, Brazil","authors":"A. Sousa, R. M. A. Mendes, Francianne Vieira Mourão, Maamar El Robrini, J. Pereira, Pedro Henrique Campos Sousa, M. L. S. Santos","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60888","url":null,"abstract":"We characterized the spatial and seasonal distributions of different phosphorus fractions in surface sediments from the Furo of Muriá estuary by chemical fractionation. Five phosphorus species were successfully separated: phosphorus bound to Fe/Al oxyhydroxides (non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) ranging from 164.54 to 280.32 μg g-1), phosphorus bound to calcium (apatite phosphorus (AP) ranging from 63.02 to 102.80 μg g-1), inorganic phosphorus (IP, ranging from 227.21 to 378.61 μg g-1), organic phosphorus (OP, ranging from 30.33 to 135.88 μg g-1) and total phosphorus (TP, ranging from 257.54 to 507.73 μg g-1), in which 88% of TP is constituted by IP. Statistical results showed that seasonality was not a major factor influencing phosphorus concentrations. Considering the classification of estuarine sediment conditions, we can conclude that the TP concentrations found in Furo of Muriá do not yet indicate the risk of environmental deterioration.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76882627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.59783
Jessica Paula Aparecida Costa Fonseca, A. M. Leitão, G. R. Liska, Lucas Santos Bastos
The edible flowers have in their constitution proteins, lipids, starch, vitamins, important minerals for a healthy diet, as well as bioactive compounds recognized for their potential effects on human health. Due to the high perishability of the flowers, their marketing represents a challenge, and drying is a method that contributes to the preservation of the product. Given the above, the present study aims verify which is the curve that best adjusts to the mass loss during the dehydration process through the proposition of Boltzmann nonlinear regression model in face of classical dehydration curve models, as well measure in frozen flowers centesimal composition of Viola × wittrockiana flowers. The flowers were dehydrated at 30°C in an air circulation oven up to constant weight. The centesimal composition of the dehydrated Viola × wittrockiana is 84.69% humidity, 8.76% carbohydrates, 2.51% proteins, 2.41% crude fiber, 1.23% ash, 0.40% lipids and 48.68 Kcal. With respect to phenolic compounds, the frozen and dehydrated flowers showed 423 and 301 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram and, about antioxidant activity, showed 90.67 to 94.93% inhibition of the DPPH radical (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and 44.00 and 49.00 mg of Trolox.100 g-1. The Boltzmann model showed best fit the mass loss of Viola × wittrockiana and through this model the maximum mass loss occurs with 0.16 g, the maximum rate of mass loss of Viola × wittrockiana occurs in 46.7 min, whose mass loss is 0.66 g. The dehydration proved to be an efficient method to preserve the flowers because the bioactive compounds did not present significant losses after the application of this process.
{"title":"Physical-chemical characteristics and modeling of the dehydration curve for Viola x wittrockiana mass loss","authors":"Jessica Paula Aparecida Costa Fonseca, A. M. Leitão, G. R. Liska, Lucas Santos Bastos","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.59783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.59783","url":null,"abstract":"The edible flowers have in their constitution proteins, lipids, starch, vitamins, important minerals for a healthy diet, as well as bioactive compounds recognized for their potential effects on human health. Due to the high perishability of the flowers, their marketing represents a challenge, and drying is a method that contributes to the preservation of the product. Given the above, the present study aims verify which is the curve that best adjusts to the mass loss during the dehydration process through the proposition of Boltzmann nonlinear regression model in face of classical dehydration curve models, as well measure in frozen flowers centesimal composition of Viola × wittrockiana flowers. The flowers were dehydrated at 30°C in an air circulation oven up to constant weight. The centesimal composition of the dehydrated Viola × wittrockiana is 84.69% humidity, 8.76% carbohydrates, 2.51% proteins, 2.41% crude fiber, 1.23% ash, 0.40% lipids and 48.68 Kcal. With respect to phenolic compounds, the frozen and dehydrated flowers showed 423 and 301 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram and, about antioxidant activity, showed 90.67 to 94.93% inhibition of the DPPH radical (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and 44.00 and 49.00 mg of Trolox.100 g-1. The Boltzmann model showed best fit the mass loss of Viola × wittrockiana and through this model the maximum mass loss occurs with 0.16 g, the maximum rate of mass loss of Viola × wittrockiana occurs in 46.7 min, whose mass loss is 0.66 g. The dehydration proved to be an efficient method to preserve the flowers because the bioactive compounds did not present significant losses after the application of this process.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86562926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.61471
Rodolfo José Tofoli, Adriana Luiza Ferreira, Eutímio Gustavo Fernández Núñez, C. Haminiuk, C. Z. Branco, Ivanise Guilherme Branco
Among the freshwater benthic macroalgae found in Brazilian rivers and streams, species of Oedogonium (Chlorophyta) have shown great ability to produce high biomass in several environmental conditions. Their resilience to eutrophic habitats provides an opportunity to assess the use of Oedogonium biomass for applications in different fields, especially those related to the extraction of biologically active compounds of interest for health, food, and cosmetic applications. Thus, this study assessed the effects of different organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) and their mixtures when combined with water (20% v/v), on the extraction efficiency of total phenolic compounds (TPC), and their antioxidant capacity (AC), from Oedogonium sp. biomass, using simplex-centroid mixture design. TPC ranged from 90 to 150 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g dry weight (DW), while AC ranged from 1 to 8 µM of Trolox equivalent per gram (DW). The highest TPC and AC were found for extracts using an ethanol/acetone (50:50) binary aqueous solvent mixture, while the lowest values for both TPC and AC were found for the methanolic aqueous solvent. Considering the relatively low-cost and less adverse environmental impacts of the ethanol and acetone aqueous mixture, our results suggest that the use of this specific mixture of organic solvents may have significant advantages in an eventual industrial process for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Oedogonium species.
{"title":"Effects of solvent extraction on phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity of the Oedogonium sp. (Chlorophyta) using a simplex-centroid mixture design","authors":"Rodolfo José Tofoli, Adriana Luiza Ferreira, Eutímio Gustavo Fernández Núñez, C. Haminiuk, C. Z. Branco, Ivanise Guilherme Branco","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.61471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.61471","url":null,"abstract":"Among the freshwater benthic macroalgae found in Brazilian rivers and streams, species of Oedogonium (Chlorophyta) have shown great ability to produce high biomass in several environmental conditions. Their resilience to eutrophic habitats provides an opportunity to assess the use of Oedogonium biomass for applications in different fields, especially those related to the extraction of biologically active compounds of interest for health, food, and cosmetic applications. Thus, this study assessed the effects of different organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) and their mixtures when combined with water (20% v/v), on the extraction efficiency of total phenolic compounds (TPC), and their antioxidant capacity (AC), from Oedogonium sp. biomass, using simplex-centroid mixture design. TPC ranged from 90 to 150 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g dry weight (DW), while AC ranged from 1 to 8 µM of Trolox equivalent per gram (DW). The highest TPC and AC were found for extracts using an ethanol/acetone (50:50) binary aqueous solvent mixture, while the lowest values for both TPC and AC were found for the methanolic aqueous solvent. Considering the relatively low-cost and less adverse environmental impacts of the ethanol and acetone aqueous mixture, our results suggest that the use of this specific mixture of organic solvents may have significant advantages in an eventual industrial process for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Oedogonium species.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72386748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.57883
Amanda de Araújo Drago, Adriana Ferla de Oliveira, G. B. Muniz, J. G. Teleken, Alexandre Leseur dos Santos, Lilian Cristina de Souza Madalena, Silvia Maccari Petricosck, A. B. Santos
The generation of waste and/or by-products in the agro-industrial sector is inevitable and, depending on the situation, it can lead to inadequate disposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and the energetic viability of agro-industrial residues composed of the mixture of eucalyptus sawdust with turnip or corn cob cake. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, resulting from the mixture of eucalyptus sawdust with turnip/corn cob cake. Pure residues were characterized by immediate analysis, calorific value and thermogravimetric analysis. For briquettes, immediate analysis; apparent and energetic density; diametrical compression resistance, HCV, LCV and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out. For statistical analyses, the Tukey's test was applied in qualitative analyses and regression was used in quantitative analyses with the Sisvar statistical software. The volatile material content decreases as forage turnip cake is added; the composition of 50% of forage turnip cake and 50% of eucalyptus (TN50) presented 76.38% of it, while composition containing 15% of cake, 79.87%. The ash content increased from 3.25% (TN15) to 6.27% (TN50). Both HCV and LCVdecreased with the addition of turnip cake from 17.73% (TN15) to 16.96% (TN50) for HCV and from 16.38% (TN15) to 15.64% (TN50) for LCV. In thermograms, the temperature at which peaks appear is similar among the different mixtures. In the resistance test, the addition of forage turnip cake significantly influenced the addition of residues, increasing from 0.76 MPa (TN15) to 1.52 MPa (TN50). Considering the analyses carried out, and comparing them with results in literature, it is possible to verify that both, briquettes produced from forage turnip cake and those made from corn cob, have energy potential.
{"title":"Briquettes produced from the mixture of agro-industrial residues composed of eucalyptus sawdust with turnip or corn cob cake","authors":"Amanda de Araújo Drago, Adriana Ferla de Oliveira, G. B. Muniz, J. G. Teleken, Alexandre Leseur dos Santos, Lilian Cristina de Souza Madalena, Silvia Maccari Petricosck, A. B. Santos","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.57883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.57883","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of waste and/or by-products in the agro-industrial sector is inevitable and, depending on the situation, it can lead to inadequate disposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and the energetic viability of agro-industrial residues composed of the mixture of eucalyptus sawdust with turnip or corn cob cake. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, resulting from the mixture of eucalyptus sawdust with turnip/corn cob cake. Pure residues were characterized by immediate analysis, calorific value and thermogravimetric analysis. For briquettes, immediate analysis; apparent and energetic density; diametrical compression resistance, HCV, LCV and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out. For statistical analyses, the Tukey's test was applied in qualitative analyses and regression was used in quantitative analyses with the Sisvar statistical software. The volatile material content decreases as forage turnip cake is added; the composition of 50% of forage turnip cake and 50% of eucalyptus (TN50) presented 76.38% of it, while composition containing 15% of cake, 79.87%. The ash content increased from 3.25% (TN15) to 6.27% (TN50). Both HCV and LCVdecreased with the addition of turnip cake from 17.73% (TN15) to 16.96% (TN50) for HCV and from 16.38% (TN15) to 15.64% (TN50) for LCV. In thermograms, the temperature at which peaks appear is similar among the different mixtures. In the resistance test, the addition of forage turnip cake significantly influenced the addition of residues, increasing from 0.76 MPa (TN15) to 1.52 MPa (TN50). Considering the analyses carried out, and comparing them with results in literature, it is possible to verify that both, briquettes produced from forage turnip cake and those made from corn cob, have energy potential.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83854157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.58199
E. Loureiro, N. Figueiredo, Lúcio Carlos Pinheiro Campos Filho, T. Filgueiras
Waterway transport is of great importance for the population of the Amazon Region. It is responsible for moving, according to Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários (Antaq, 2018), approximately 9.8 million passengers and 3.4 million tons of cargo distributed by state, interstate longitudinal transport interstate and crossing. However, despite the great importance, there are several blockages related to the conditions of the roads and vessels in certain routes. The study in question proposes the use of a mathematical tool to analyze vessels from the relative efficiency involving parameters of input and output for two analysis scenarios: Energy Efficiency Analysis and Modality Analysis, being analyzed variables such as power, consumption, total time of the trip, total distance of the line of action, passenger capacity and ticket price. For that, the data of 652 vessels used in the Amazon region registered in the Brazilian states (Pará, Amazonas, Amapá and Rondônia) were verified, and from these data, a sample space of 148 vessels from the same utilization level was selected. With these data, a model was developed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, with the aid of the DEA-Solver software. After the use of the solver, the relative efficiency indexes of each vessel were obtained, allowing to rank and measure the efficient and inefficient Decision Units (DMU'S). Lastly, analysis of the general characteristics of efficient vessels were made in order to stratify the parameters that may have transformed them into efficient DMU`s, making it possible to trace a profile of the type of vessel employed in each type of line, thus helping in decision making of new projects.
水路运输对亚马逊地区的人口至关重要。根据Agência national de Transportes Aquaviários (Antaq, 2018)的数据，它负责通过州际、州际和跨州纵向运输运输约980万名乘客和340万吨货物。然而，尽管非常重要，但在某些路线上仍有一些与道路和船只状况有关的堵塞。该研究提出使用数学工具从涉及输入和输出参数的相对效率来分析船舶，分为两种分析情景:能效分析和模态分析，被分析的变量包括功率、消耗、行程总时间、行动线总距离、载客量和票价。为此，我们对652艘在亚马逊地区注册的巴西各州(par、Amazonas、amap和Rondônia)的船舶数据进行了验证，并从这些数据中选择了148艘相同利用水平的船舶样本空间。根据这些数据，在DEA- solver软件的帮助下，使用数据包络分析(DEA)方法开发了一个模型。使用求解器后，得到各船的相对效率指标，从而对有效和无效决策单元(DMU’s)进行排序和测量。最后，对高效船舶的一般特征进行了分析，以便对可能将其转化为高效DMU的参数进行分层，从而有可能跟踪每种类型航线所使用的船舶类型的概况，从而有助于新项目的决策。
{"title":"Analysis of relative efficiency of vessels of passenger transportation in the Brazilian Amazon: an AHP-DEA approach","authors":"E. Loureiro, N. Figueiredo, Lúcio Carlos Pinheiro Campos Filho, T. Filgueiras","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.58199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.58199","url":null,"abstract":"Waterway transport is of great importance for the population of the Amazon Region. It is responsible for moving, according to Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários (Antaq, 2018), approximately 9.8 million passengers and 3.4 million tons of cargo distributed by state, interstate longitudinal transport interstate and crossing. However, despite the great importance, there are several blockages related to the conditions of the roads and vessels in certain routes. The study in question proposes the use of a mathematical tool to analyze vessels from the relative efficiency involving parameters of input and output for two analysis scenarios: Energy Efficiency Analysis and Modality Analysis, being analyzed variables such as power, consumption, total time of the trip, total distance of the line of action, passenger capacity and ticket price. For that, the data of 652 vessels used in the Amazon region registered in the Brazilian states (Pará, Amazonas, Amapá and Rondônia) were verified, and from these data, a sample space of 148 vessels from the same utilization level was selected. With these data, a model was developed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, with the aid of the DEA-Solver software. After the use of the solver, the relative efficiency indexes of each vessel were obtained, allowing to rank and measure the efficient and inefficient Decision Units (DMU'S). Lastly, analysis of the general characteristics of efficient vessels were made in order to stratify the parameters that may have transformed them into efficient DMU`s, making it possible to trace a profile of the type of vessel employed in each type of line, thus helping in decision making of new projects.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74409855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60184
Larissa Karolina de Oliveira, M. Resende, F. M. Borém, M. A. Cirillo
The results of sensory evaluations of coffees are associated with latent factors, such as the particular subjectivity of each individual. Based on the foregoing, assessing the quality of a sensory panel for product discrimination basically depends on the statistical methodology to be used in data analysis. Following this argument, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the EM - Expectation Maximization algorithm in discriminating groups of individuals, characterized by the degree of experience and knowledge in sensory analysis of coffees of different varieties, produced in the Serra da Mantiqueira micro-region, with different processing and altitudes. The main advantage of this algorithm is the fast convergence, when the current solution approaches the optimal solution with high precision. The disadvantage is because it is a deterministic optimization technique, which can only achieve a local optimization depending on the initialization, i.e., initial values input in the iterative procedure. It can be concluded that estimates of the correlation matrices obtained by the EM algorithm showed that the final grade has a greater influence of sweetness, in addition to discriminating groups of consumers with different sensory perceptions and in situations where the number of individuals in each group is unknown, the EM algorithm was accurate in estimating the proportion of individuals belonging to each group, assuming that the correlations of sensory responses follow a bivariate normal distribution.
对咖啡的感官评价结果与潜在因素有关，比如每个人的特定主观性。基于上述，评估产品歧视感官面板的质量基本上取决于数据分析中使用的统计方法。根据这一论点，本研究旨在评估EM -期望最大化算法在区分个体群体中的可行性，该群体以不同加工和海拔的Serra da Mantiqueira微地区生产的不同品种咖啡的感官分析经验和知识程度为特征。该算法的主要优点是收敛速度快，当当前解以高精度逼近最优解时。缺点是它是一种确定性优化技术，只能依靠初始化，即迭代过程中输入的初始值来实现局部优化。可以得出结论，EM算法得到的相关矩阵的估计值表明，最终的等级对甜度的影响更大，除了区分不同感官知觉的消费者群体之外，在每一群体中个体数量未知的情况下，EM算法在估计属于每一群体的个体比例方面是准确的。假设感觉反应的相关性遵循二元正态分布。
{"title":"Feasibility of the expectation-maximization algorithm for assessing individuals with different sensory perceptions in discrimination of specialty coffees","authors":"Larissa Karolina de Oliveira, M. Resende, F. M. Borém, M. A. Cirillo","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60184","url":null,"abstract":"The results of sensory evaluations of coffees are associated with latent factors, such as the particular subjectivity of each individual. Based on the foregoing, assessing the quality of a sensory panel for product discrimination basically depends on the statistical methodology to be used in data analysis. Following this argument, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the EM - Expectation Maximization algorithm in discriminating groups of individuals, characterized by the degree of experience and knowledge in sensory analysis of coffees of different varieties, produced in the Serra da Mantiqueira micro-region, with different processing and altitudes. The main advantage of this algorithm is the fast convergence, when the current solution approaches the optimal solution with high precision. The disadvantage is because it is a deterministic optimization technique, which can only achieve a local optimization depending on the initialization, i.e., initial values input in the iterative procedure. It can be concluded that estimates of the correlation matrices obtained by the EM algorithm showed that the final grade has a greater influence of sweetness, in addition to discriminating groups of consumers with different sensory perceptions and in situations where the number of individuals in each group is unknown, the EM algorithm was accurate in estimating the proportion of individuals belonging to each group, assuming that the correlations of sensory responses follow a bivariate normal distribution.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76574673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.58764
G. Carvalho, Bruno Cappellari, Rubi Böhmer Júnior, L. F. Trierweiler, J. O. Trierweiler, M. Farenzena
The experimentally investigation for dehydration of gas streams in a fixed-bed adsorption column using a 4A molecular sieve was reported for the first time. Different operating conditions of the adsorption system were performed, such as flow rate (2.0, 5.0 and 8.0 L min.-1) and bed depths (10, 20 and 30 cm). A significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in exhaustion time of the adsorption column was verified as a result of the increase in the flow rate. On the other hand, a significantly increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the rupture time and the mass transfer zone (MTZ) were observed when the bed depths rise. Furthermore, the experimental data were satisfactory described by the Yoon-Nelson model due to high values of correlation coefficient (R2). These results suggested the suitability of 4A zeolite molecular sieve for the dehydration of gas streams in continuous operating mode. Moreover, it could be interesting for the scientific communities and industry.
本文首次报道了用4A分子筛对固定床吸附塔中气流进行脱水的实验研究。研究了不同的吸附系统操作条件，如流速(2.0、5.0和8.0 L min.-1)和床层深度(10、20和30 cm)。随着流速的增加，吸附柱的耗尽时间显著减少(p≤0.05)。另一方面，随着床层深度的增加，破裂时间和传质带(MTZ)显著增加(p≤0.05)。此外，由于相关系数(R2)的高值，实验数据满意地描述了Yoon-Nelson模型。上述结果表明，4A沸石分子筛适合于连续运行模式下的气流脱水。此外，这对科学界和工业界来说可能很有趣。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60551
Kalaivani Kaliyaperumal, Chinnadurai Murugaiyan, Deepan Perumal, G. Jayaraman, Kannan Samikannu
Decentralized architecture known as fog computing is situated between the cloud and data-producing devices. It acts as a conduit between cloud services and IoT devices. In order to reduce latency, fog computing can handle a significant amount of computation for time-sensitive IoT applications. The Fog layer is simultaneously vulnerable to numerous assaults. To defend the fog nodes from attacks, fog computing paradigms may be suited for deep learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDS). In this paper, a combined Ensemble Intrusion Detection Model using Deep learning with Efficient Feature Selection using Random forests is proposed for Fog Computing Environments by using two deep learning models of traditional CNN and IDS-AlexNet model called Ensemble CNN-IDS with Random Forest and showed this model gives high accuracy of attack detection. The respective model implementations demonstrated on the UNSW-NB15 dataset that consists of 9 classes of attacks namely Fuzzers, Analysis, Backdoors, DoS, Exploits, Generic, Reconnaissance, Shellcodes and Worms. The proposed combined Ensemble Intrusion Detection Model using Deep learning with Efficient Feature Selection for intrusions detection is shown to be accurate and efficient by using different classifiers. Our proposed model provides high the accuracy in attack detection of about 97.5% that it outperformed various other traditional and recent models.
被称为雾计算的分散架构位于云和数据生成设备之间。它充当云服务和物联网设备之间的管道。为了减少延迟，雾计算可以为时间敏感的物联网应用处理大量的计算。雾层同时容易受到许多攻击。为了保护雾节点免受攻击，雾计算范式可能适合于基于深度学习的入侵检测系统。本文利用传统CNN和IDS-AlexNet模型两种深度学习模型(Ensemble CNN- ids with Random Forest)，在雾计算环境下提出了一种基于深度学习和随机森林高效特征选择的集成入侵检测模型，并证明该模型具有较高的攻击检测精度。各自的模型实现在UNSW-NB15数据集上展示，该数据集由9类攻击组成，即Fuzzers, Analysis，后门，DoS, exploit, Generic, Reconnaissance, Shellcodes和蠕虫。采用深度学习和高效特征选择相结合的集成入侵检测模型通过使用不同的分类器进行入侵检测，证明了该模型的准确性和有效性。我们提出的模型在攻击检测方面的准确率高达97.5%，优于其他各种传统和最新的模型。
{"title":"Combined Ensemble Intrusion Detection Model using Deep learning with Feature Selection for Fog Computing Environments","authors":"Kalaivani Kaliyaperumal, Chinnadurai Murugaiyan, Deepan Perumal, G. Jayaraman, Kannan Samikannu","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60551","url":null,"abstract":"Decentralized architecture known as fog computing is situated between the cloud and data-producing devices. It acts as a conduit between cloud services and IoT devices. In order to reduce latency, fog computing can handle a significant amount of computation for time-sensitive IoT applications. The Fog layer is simultaneously vulnerable to numerous assaults. To defend the fog nodes from attacks, fog computing paradigms may be suited for deep learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDS). In this paper, a combined Ensemble Intrusion Detection Model using Deep learning with Efficient Feature Selection using Random forests is proposed for Fog Computing Environments by using two deep learning models of traditional CNN and IDS-AlexNet model called Ensemble CNN-IDS with Random Forest and showed this model gives high accuracy of attack detection. The respective model implementations demonstrated on the UNSW-NB15 dataset that consists of 9 classes of attacks namely Fuzzers, Analysis, Backdoors, DoS, Exploits, Generic, Reconnaissance, Shellcodes and Worms. The proposed combined Ensemble Intrusion Detection Model using Deep learning with Efficient Feature Selection for intrusions detection is shown to be accurate and efficient by using different classifiers. Our proposed model provides high the accuracy in attack detection of about 97.5% that it outperformed various other traditional and recent models.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84774648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60695
Vanessa Biasi, E. Huber, P. L. M. Barreto
Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) is a fruit of great interest for its nutritional properties and bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids. This study aimed to determine the ideal conditions for the development of a goldenberry powder. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was adopted to obtain response surfaces. For processing, different temperatures (50 - 70ºC) and times (27.18 - 32.82 hours) were used for dehydration of the fruits, evaluating the content of total carotenoids as a response and the moisture content around 15%. Data obtained were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. An optimization study was carried out and the desirability function methodology was applied to find the ideal process condition. The optimization was determined at 52ºC and in a time of 27.18 hours, in which the experimental value obtained for total carotenoids was 12656.5 ± 527.22 mg 100 g-1 and moisture content of 15.00 ± 0.26%. In this condition, the global desirability value was 1.000 and the experimental values agreed with the predicted ones. Second-order polynomials were able to predict the carotenoids content in goldenberry powder, as well as the moisture content of the powder. The CCD and response surface tools were effective in optimizing the process. The production of goldenberry powder under these experimental conditions represents a viable alternative for adding value to the fruits, enabling the production of a potential food ingredient with carotenoid retention.
{"title":"Goldenberry powder processing: analysis by a response surface methodology","authors":"Vanessa Biasi, E. Huber, P. L. M. Barreto","doi":"10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.60695","url":null,"abstract":"Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) is a fruit of great interest for its nutritional properties and bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids. This study aimed to determine the ideal conditions for the development of a goldenberry powder. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was adopted to obtain response surfaces. For processing, different temperatures (50 - 70ºC) and times (27.18 - 32.82 hours) were used for dehydration of the fruits, evaluating the content of total carotenoids as a response and the moisture content around 15%. Data obtained were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. An optimization study was carried out and the desirability function methodology was applied to find the ideal process condition. The optimization was determined at 52ºC and in a time of 27.18 hours, in which the experimental value obtained for total carotenoids was 12656.5 ± 527.22 mg 100 g-1 and moisture content of 15.00 ± 0.26%. In this condition, the global desirability value was 1.000 and the experimental values agreed with the predicted ones. Second-order polynomials were able to predict the carotenoids content in goldenberry powder, as well as the moisture content of the powder. The CCD and response surface tools were effective in optimizing the process. The production of goldenberry powder under these experimental conditions represents a viable alternative for adding value to the fruits, enabling the production of a potential food ingredient with carotenoid retention.","PeriodicalId":7140,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78777468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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