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Possibilities of replacing natural sand in concrete 在混凝土中替代天然砂的可能性
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.14311/app.2024.47.0035
K. Fořtová, T. Pavlů, D. Mariaková, J. Řepka, T. Vlach
This study explores the potential of using fine recycled aggregate (FRA) to replace natural sand in concrete production. The research was divided into two parts. In the first part, natural aggregate’s complete fine fraction (0‑4 mm) was replaced with FRA in conventional concrete for two strength classes. In the second part, individual fine components of high-performance concrete (HPC) were substituted with a similar fraction of fine recycled HPC and concrete aggregate. The physical and mechanical properties of these mixtures with recycled aggregate were evaluated against reference mixtures that contained only natural aggregate, following European standards. Results showed that while most of the concrete and HPC mixtures with recycled aggregate showed slight decreases in properties compared to the reference mixes, the most significant reduction in mechanical properties was observed in the flexural tensile strength of the concrete mixture with FRA, which decreased by over 50 %. The absorption by immersion increased by up to 85 %. The deterioration in properties must be considered during the design stage and only used in applications where it will not affect the functionality of the structures.
本研究探讨了在混凝土生产中使用细再生骨料(FRA)替代天然砂的潜力。研究分为两个部分。第一部分,在两个强度等级的传统混凝土中,用 FRA 替代天然骨料的全部细组分(0-4 毫米)。在第二部分中,高性能混凝土(HPC)中的单个细组分被类似比例的细再生 HPC 和混凝土骨料所替代。根据欧洲标准,对照仅含有天然骨料的参考混合物,对这些含有回收骨料的混合物的物理和机械性能进行了评估。结果表明,与参考混合物相比,大多数含有回收骨料的混凝土和高密度聚碳酸酯混合物的性能略有下降,而机械性能下降最明显的是含有 FRA 的混凝土混合物的抗弯拉强度,下降幅度超过 50%。浸泡吸收率增加了 85%。在设计阶段就必须考虑到性能的下降,并且只能在不影响结构功能的情况下使用。
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引用次数: 0
Cementitious material development for additive fabrication 开发用于增材制造的水泥基材料
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.14311/app.2024.47.0008
David Čítek, Karel Hurtig, Vladislav Bureš, Peter Koteš
For the 3D STAR project and 3D printing purposes, a special fine-grained cement mixture from locally available raw materials was developed. The reason for the development of the custom mixture was the possibility of arbitrary optimization of the developed mixture at any stage of the project and for any type of application. Mix design, printing head and the entire system from mixing to extrusion was the subject of research and development for this project. It was therefore necessary to address both issues in parallel and to respond in both sectors to the realities arising from the partial results of the different groups involved in the development.
为了 3D STAR 项目和 3D 打印的目的,利用当地可获得的原材料开发了一种特殊的细粒水泥混合物。开发定制混合物的原因是,可以在项目的任何阶段,针对任何类型的应用,对所开发的混合物进行任意优化。混合料设计、印刷头以及从混合到挤出的整个系统都是该项目的研发主题。因此,有必要同时解决这两个问题,并在这两个领域对参与研发的不同小组的部分成果所产生的现实情况做出回应。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of light fraction silicate filer after the mining for the base layers’ road construction 在采矿后制备轻馏分硅酸盐滤料,用于基层道路建设
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.14311/app.2024.47.0053
Andrea Jančíková, Karel Dvořák, S. Ravaszová
The article main objective was eco-innovation in the field of utilization and creation of a complex waste-free technology for the separation of components during ore extraction with subsequent processing, recovery of mine tailings in combination with available energy. The article deals with the topic of production and preparation of base layers for road construction in the form of silicate filer after separation of ore mining. The chemical and mineralogical composition on the fine fraction of the separated tailings was carried out by XRD analysis, filer particle size followed up by Laser Granulometry and other comprehensive measurements and the development of basic parameters by individual standard tests. The results determined on the functional sample demonstrated that it is possible to create an almost completely waste-free technology in the field of separation of components during ore extraction and its subsequent processing and use for the base layers of linear road construction.
文章的主要目标是在矿石开采过程中利用和创造复杂的无废料技术进行成分分离,并结合现有能源进行后续加工和矿山尾矿回收的生态创新。文章的主题是在矿石开采分离后,以硅酸盐滤料的形式生产和制备用于道路建设的基层。通过 XRD 分析对分离出的尾矿细粒的化学和矿物成分进行了研究,通过激光粒度仪和其他综合测量方法对滤料粒度进行了跟踪,并通过单个标准测试对基本参数进行了开发。对功能样本进行测定的结果表明,在矿石开采过程中对成分进行分离,随后对其进行加工,并将其用于线性公路建设的基层方面,有可能创造出一种几乎完全无废物的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring degradation in alkaline-activated slag materials 监测碱激活炉渣材料的降解情况
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.14311/app.2024.47.0071
Houssam Mahmoud, L. Topolář, Iveta Plšková, Luboš Jakubka, L. Pazdera
This paper deals with determining degradation changes in alkaline-activated slag-based building materials. It describes methods for determining dynamic elastic moduli obtained by acoustic non-destructive methods, including the ultrasonic pulse method and the resonance method. A finegrained mortar was chosen as the initial mix for the implementation of the experiment, the binder part of which was sodium hydroxide-activated blast-furnace granulated slag. Beams with dimensions of 40 × 40 × 160 mm were chosen as test bodies, for which acoustic non-destructive methods monitored changes in the material structure during degradation processes.
本文论述了如何确定碱活化矿渣基建筑材料的降解变化。它介绍了通过声学无损方法(包括超声脉冲法和共振法)获得动态弹性模量的测定方法。实验选择了细粒砂浆作为初始混合物,其粘结剂部分为氢氧化钠活性高炉粒化矿渣。选择尺寸为 40 × 40 × 160 毫米的横梁作为试验体,用声学无损方法监测降解过程中材料结构的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of high fly ash dosage to reduce cement consumption in concrete formulations 利用高粉煤灰用量减少混凝土配方中的水泥用量
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.14311/app.2024.47.0015
V. Davidová, Tomáš David, P. Reiterman
The concrete production is responsible for high proportion of total carbon dioxide emission due to enormous consumption of Portland cement. This traditional binder system is due to high autogenous emission during calcination the main carrier of such negative environmental impact. The effective way to reduce the use of Portland cement is to replace that this binding material exhibiting lower energy demandingness. This paper deals with the utilization of fly ash as Portland cement replacement, which is frequently applied in concrete industry. The paper deals the highest replacement level in accordance with valid regulations. The experimental program was focused on the properties of fresh concrete mixture and basic physical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete. The attained results confirmed good potential of this approach, however the increase of plasticizer dosage was necessary to maintain a similar consistency of fresh mixture. That is why the fresh mixture exhibited lower level of air content.
由于硅酸盐水泥的巨大消耗量,混凝土生产要对二氧化碳排放总量的高比例负责。这种传统的粘合剂系统在煅烧过程中会产生大量的自燃气体,是造成这种负面环境影响的主要原因。减少硅酸盐水泥使用量的有效方法是用这种能耗较低的粘结材料取而代之。本文论述了粉煤灰作为硅酸盐水泥替代品的利用,这种替代品在混凝土行业中应用频繁。本文讨论的是符合有效法规的最高替代等级。实验项目的重点是新拌混凝土的性能以及硬化混凝土的基本物理和机械性能。实验结果证实了这种方法的良好潜力,但为了保持新拌混凝土的稠度,必须增加增塑剂用量。因此,新拌混凝土的含气量较低。
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引用次数: 0
Thermomechanical calculation within the HERA programme HERA 计划中的热力学计算
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.44.0005
Tereza Kinkorová
HERA (High Burnup Experiments in Reactivity Initiated Accident) is one of the programmes which should replace closed Halden reactor. As the name implies HERA is focused on the tests simulated RIA (Reactivity Initiated Accident) and the aim of the programme is to investigate the performance and behaviour of high burnup fuel in RIA transients. The first phase of HERA programme consists of two steps which are the blind calculation of different RIA scenarios (different pulse width, enthalpy increase, hydrogen content and gap size) and in-reactor test with fresh fuel.The set of thermomechanical calculation was performed with the FRAPTRAN computer code as part of the first phase of HERA. The influence of several parameters on the fuel behaviour was observed, the varying parameters were the pulse width, peak radial average enthalpy increase, hydrogen content and the hydrogen rim size and gap size. In addition, the effect of type and setting of boundary condition was investigated.
HERA(反应性引发事故的高燃耗实验)是取代封闭式哈尔登反应堆的计划之一。顾名思义,HERA 的重点是模拟 RIA(反应性引发事故)的试验,其目的是研究高燃耗燃料在 RIA 瞬态中的性能和行为。HERA 计划的第一阶段包括两个步骤,即对不同的 RIA 情景(不同的脉冲宽度、焓增量、氢含量和间隙大小)进行盲算,以及使用新鲜燃料进行反应堆内试验。观察了几个参数对燃料行为的影响,这些变化参数包括脉冲宽度、径向平均焓增峰值、氢含量、氢边尺寸和间隙尺寸。此外,还研究了边界条件的类型和设置的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of ATLHAMC12 subchannel code for total loss of flow scenario 评估 ATLHAMC12 子信道编码在完全断流情况下的性能
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.44.0013
Tomáš Křeček, Š. Foral
The ALTHAMC12 subchannel code is a new subchannel code developed by the ALVEL company. The code is intended for DNBR safety analyses of the Czech nuclear power plants. In order to validate the code, a code to code comparison with THALES and VIPRE-01 is provided in this work. The reactor core model was developed and set of initial and boundary conditions has been adopted from a reference study. The comparison is done for steady state nominal parameters and Total Loss of Flow (TLOF) type of accident. The results show that ALTHAMC12 provides a good agreement with the reference codes in the terms of MDNBR value and its positions in the reactor core.
ALTHAMC12 子信道代码是 ALVEL 公司开发的一种新的子信道代码。该代码用于捷克核电站的 DNBR 安全分析。为了验证该代码的有效性,本工作提供了与 THALES 和 VIPRE-01 的代码对比。反应堆堆芯模型是根据参考研究结果开发的,初始条件和边界条件集也是根据参考研究结果采用的。比较针对的是稳态名义参数和全流量损失(TLOF)类型的事故。结果表明,在 MDNBR 值及其在反应堆堆芯中的位置方面,ALTHAMC12 与参考代码具有良好的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Neutronic analysis of a heat-pipe cooled reactor 热管冷却反应堆的中子分析
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.44.0019
Josef Sabol, Jan Frýbort
Heat-pipe cooled reactors belong to the group of nuclear reactors using heat pipes filled with liquid metals (such as sodium or potassium) to cool the core. Due to the passive heat removal system, there is no need to use closed loops with pumps, and the reactor can be operated with reduced operational requirements. Consequently, this system can be used in remote locations without access to an electrical grid, or it can be used for space applications.This paper deals with a neutronic study of the Special Purpose Reactor Design-B concept from the Idaho National Laboratory. Using Monte Carlo code Serpent 2 and ENDF/B VIII.0 library, a fixed-temperature model was created to calculate the safety characteristics of the system. This included reactivity coefficients, power distribution, neutron flux spectrum, and criticality safety. In a simplified depletion calculation, an effect of fuel depletion on safety systems was determined as well as a decay heat.
热管冷却反应堆属于使用充满液态金属(如钠或钾)的热管来冷却堆芯的核反应堆。由于采用了被动散热系统,因此无需使用带泵的闭式循环,反应堆的运行要求也可降低。因此,该系统可用于没有电网的偏远地区,也可用于太空应用。本文论述了对爱达荷国家实验室提出的特殊用途反应堆设计-B 概念的中子研究。利用蒙特卡洛代码 Serpent 2 和 ENDF/B VIII.0 库,创建了一个固定温度模型来计算系统的安全特性。其中包括反应系数、功率分布、中子通量谱和临界安全性。在简化的耗竭计算中,确定了燃料耗竭对安全系统的影响以及衰变热。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of the compression test of the Zr1Nb fuel cladding ring 模拟 Zr1Nb 燃料包层环的压缩试验
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.44.0028
Vojtěch Smolík, Alžběta Endrychová, Jakub Krejčí
Fuel cladding is a first protective barrier against the loss of fission products that must withstand extreme conditions, from normal operation to final and interim dry storage. This hostile environment results in mechanical and microstructural damage of cladding caused by different stress levels, temperature, corrosion, hydrogen pick up and other degradation processes further enhanced by radiation. For this reason, the integrity of the cladding is a critical issue. The aim of this work is to simulate a ring compression test to evaluate the stress-strain behavior and hoop fracture properties of a zirconium-based alloy with niobium, which was chosen because it is widely used as fuel cladding in light water nuclear reactors.
燃料包壳是防止裂变产物损失的第一道保护屏障,必须经受从正常运行到最终和临时干储存的极端条件。这种恶劣的环境会导致不同应力水平、温度、腐蚀、氢析出以及辐射进一步加剧的其他降解过程造成包层的机械和微观结构损伤。因此,包层的完整性是一个关键问题。这项工作的目的是模拟环压试验,以评估含铌的锆基合金的应力应变行为和环状断裂特性,之所以选择这种合金,是因为它被广泛用作轻水核反应堆的燃料包壳。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of heat-treatment on material properties of L-DED printed austenistic alloy 08CH18N10T for nuclear reactor applications 热处理对用于核反应堆的 L-DED 印刷奥氏体合金 08CH18N10T 材料性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.44.0001
Štěpán Jedlan, Martin Ševeček, A. Prantl, J. Hodek, Pavel Podaný, Michal Brázda
This paper deals with the evaluation of material properties of the additively manufactured austenistic alloy 08CH18N10T, which is widely used in the Czech Republic nuclear power plants Temelín and Dukovany and other VVER reactors around the world. For purposes of utilization of additive manufacturing technologies for nuclear core components fabrication, two sets of samples were prepared from horizontally and vertically L-DED printed blocks from 08CH18N10T material. Experiments such as microstructure analysis, porosity and Vickers hardness were then performed on L-DED printed and heat-treated 08CH18N10T material, and the obtained material properties were then compared with the properties of L-DED printed 08CH18N10T material without heat-treatment for examination of its effect and also with material properties of conventionally made 08CH18N10T material.
本文论述了对快速成型奥氏体合金 08CH18N10T 材料特性的评估,这种合金被广泛应用于捷克特梅林核电站、杜科瓦尼核电站和世界上其他 VVER 反应堆。为了将增材制造技术用于核芯部件制造,从 08CH18N10T 材料的水平和垂直 L-DED 打印块中制备了两组样品。然后对 L-DED 印刷和热处理的 08CH18N10T 材料进行了微观结构分析、孔隙率和维氏硬度等实验,并将获得的材料特性与未进行热处理的 L-DED 印刷 08CH18N10T 材料的特性进行了比较,以检查其影响,同时还与传统制造的 08CH18N10T 材料的特性进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings
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