Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0089
Lukáš Zeman, Jaroslav Valach, Petr Zlámal, Nela Krčmářová, Veronika Koudelková, Jaroslav Zeman
The article presents a study of the mechanical processes occurring during the aluminothermic reaction using experimental methods (strain gauges, digital image correlation, thermography, scanning electron microscopy, profilometry). The aluminothermic reaction is a highly efficient welding method due to its exothermic behaviour, however, it places considerable demands not only on the welding technique, but also on the capabilities of the experimental methods used; these limitations are also discussed in the article. The aluminothermic reaction is associated with the formation of a localised heat source with a time evolution dictated by the technological procedure, which manifests itself in heat propagation to the surrounding weld material. The unequal evolution of the temperature field is the fundamental cause of the appearance of the heat affected zone or local deformations or surface curvature, which was the focus of the experimental methods deployed above and the results of which are shown in the article.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of aluminothermic welds","authors":"Lukáš Zeman, Jaroslav Valach, Petr Zlámal, Nela Krčmářová, Veronika Koudelková, Jaroslav Zeman","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0089","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study of the mechanical processes occurring during the aluminothermic reaction using experimental methods (strain gauges, digital image correlation, thermography, scanning electron microscopy, profilometry). The aluminothermic reaction is a highly efficient welding method due to its exothermic behaviour, however, it places considerable demands not only on the welding technique, but also on the capabilities of the experimental methods used; these limitations are also discussed in the article. The aluminothermic reaction is associated with the formation of a localised heat source with a time evolution dictated by the technological procedure, which manifests itself in heat propagation to the surrounding weld material. The unequal evolution of the temperature field is the fundamental cause of the appearance of the heat affected zone or local deformations or surface curvature, which was the focus of the experimental methods deployed above and the results of which are shown in the article.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0071
Josef Svoboda, Přemysl Toman, Adam Orlický
The paper is focused on research in the field of motorcycle simulator controls from the rider’s point of view, with a focus on the longitudinal and lateral dynamics of vehicle. The subject of the research is the design and testing of a suitable composition of input signals controlled by the rider and their integration into the virtual scene. The design and testing of the communication interface between the HW simulator and the physical model of the motorcycle is mentioned in the paper as well. Furthermore, the work describes the suitable HMI elements of the motorcycle and their integration options into the simulator system. In conclusion of the article, various variants, and approaches for controlling the developed motorcycle simulator are discussed, including the possibilities of validating the achieved results.
{"title":"Research and implementation of motorcycle simulator controls","authors":"Josef Svoboda, Přemysl Toman, Adam Orlický","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0071","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is focused on research in the field of motorcycle simulator controls from the rider’s point of view, with a focus on the longitudinal and lateral dynamics of vehicle. The subject of the research is the design and testing of a suitable composition of input signals controlled by the rider and their integration into the virtual scene. The design and testing of the communication interface between the HW simulator and the physical model of the motorcycle is mentioned in the paper as well. Furthermore, the work describes the suitable HMI elements of the motorcycle and their integration options into the simulator system. In conclusion of the article, various variants, and approaches for controlling the developed motorcycle simulator are discussed, including the possibilities of validating the achieved results.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0083
Lukáš Vacka, Pavel Vrtal, Tomáš Kohout
Cycling is a dynamically expanding transport mode of today. At the same time, cycling is an alternative to individual car transport as well as to public transport. The basis of a good cycling infrastructure is a comprehensive network of safe cycling routes linking transport sources and destinations in the area. The partial objectives of the project are to evaluate the management of the existing cycle routes according to the way cyclists are guided and according to the surface of the individual route sections, as well as to determine the basic sources and destinations. The main objectives of the project are to design a network of bicycle routes with a focus on keeping them separate from motorized traffic and linking the identified resources and destinations, as well as determining thedifficulty of each newly proposed route.
{"title":"Design of a network of cycling routes in the Kutná Hora district","authors":"Lukáš Vacka, Pavel Vrtal, Tomáš Kohout","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0083","url":null,"abstract":"Cycling is a dynamically expanding transport mode of today. At the same time, cycling is an alternative to individual car transport as well as to public transport. The basis of a good cycling infrastructure is a comprehensive network of safe cycling routes linking transport sources and destinations in the area. The partial objectives of the project are to evaluate the management of the existing cycle routes according to the way cyclists are guided and according to the surface of the individual route sections, as well as to determine the basic sources and destinations. The main objectives of the project are to design a network of bicycle routes with a focus on keeping them separate from motorized traffic and linking the identified resources and destinations, as well as determining thedifficulty of each newly proposed route.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0001
Veronika Drechslerová, Michaela Neuhäuserová, Jan Falta, Jan Šleichrt, Daniel Kytýř
The aim of this paper is focused on benefits of stereolithography (SLA) technology for the fabrication of the lightweight lattice structures with potential for load-bearing function and high absorption of impact energy. SLA is an additive manufacturing technology employing the principle of liquid resins curing moderated by radiation of a wavelength from ultra-violet band where resulting material parameters are tunable by setting of the curing process. The batches of samples manufactured using three different resins were subjected to quasi-static uni-axial tensile and compression tests. Acquired data were processed to derive deformation behaviour expressed as stress-strain diagrams and fundamental material properties. Based on the knowledge obtained from the mechanical tests, the setup of the fabrication parameters, the most suitable resin for manufacturing of the lattice structures and the overall suitability of SLA technology for the fabrication of advanced porous materials, were determined.
{"title":"Stereolithography for manufacturing of advanced porous solids","authors":"Veronika Drechslerová, Michaela Neuhäuserová, Jan Falta, Jan Šleichrt, Daniel Kytýř","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is focused on benefits of stereolithography (SLA) technology for the fabrication of the lightweight lattice structures with potential for load-bearing function and high absorption of impact energy. SLA is an additive manufacturing technology employing the principle of liquid resins curing moderated by radiation of a wavelength from ultra-violet band where resulting material parameters are tunable by setting of the curing process. The batches of samples manufactured using three different resins were subjected to quasi-static uni-axial tensile and compression tests. Acquired data were processed to derive deformation behaviour expressed as stress-strain diagrams and fundamental material properties. Based on the knowledge obtained from the mechanical tests, the setup of the fabrication parameters, the most suitable resin for manufacturing of the lattice structures and the overall suitability of SLA technology for the fabrication of advanced porous materials, were determined.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0049
Ondřej Piksa, Adam Orlický, Martin Scháno
Developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Vehicles (AV) based on machine learning is generally an extensive and costly process. Due to the increasing complexity of autonomous systems, the need for extensive testing and validation arises. In recent years, computer simulation has been used for these purposes. Performing realistic simulations, especially for the purpose of computer vision-based systems, requires a high-quality, almost photorealistic virtual environment. This paper introduces U SMART ZONE, a high-fidelity virtual model of the Severní Terasa district in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic comprising of more than 7.5 km of drivable roads with a total area of approximately 1.4 km2 for human-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulations.
开发基于机器学习的高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)和自动驾驶汽车(AV)通常是一个广泛且昂贵的过程。由于自治系统的复杂性日益增加，需要进行广泛的测试和验证。近年来，计算机模拟已用于这些目的。执行逼真的模拟，特别是基于计算机视觉的系统，需要一个高质量的，几乎是逼真的虚拟环境。本文介绍了U SMART ZONE，这是捷克共和国Ústí nad Labem的Severní Terasa地区的高保真虚拟模型，包括超过7.5公里的可驾驶道路，总面积约为1.4平方公里，用于人在环和硬件在环(HiL)模拟。
{"title":"U SMART ZONE – Creating highly realistic virtual environment for vehicle-in-the-loop simulations","authors":"Ondřej Piksa, Adam Orlický, Martin Scháno","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Vehicles (AV) based on machine learning is generally an extensive and costly process. Due to the increasing complexity of autonomous systems, the need for extensive testing and validation arises. In recent years, computer simulation has been used for these purposes. Performing realistic simulations, especially for the purpose of computer vision-based systems, requires a high-quality, almost photorealistic virtual environment. This paper introduces U SMART ZONE, a high-fidelity virtual model of the Severní Terasa district in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic comprising of more than 7.5 km of drivable roads with a total area of approximately 1.4 km2 for human-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulations.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0036
Luboš Nouzovský, Zdeněk Svatý, Petr Hála
The security of the population and its protection in the context of terrorist attacks is currently one of the major topics of the professional public and security forces. A number of attacks in the last decade have targeted soft targets, which, according to a generally valid definition, can be considered as places with a high concentration of people and a low level of security against violent attacks. In order to ensure maximum effectiveness in protecting soft targets, a number of procedures and methodologies have been developed to determine appropriate measures and their appropriate application. From a technical point of view, these include mechanical barrier systems and elements. It is mechanical barrier elements that are the focus of this article, which uses a selected specific device to present its function, its possible applications, and the issue of testing before use in practice.
{"title":"Protection of soft targets - verification of the effectiveness of the anti-terrorist barrier","authors":"Luboš Nouzovský, Zdeněk Svatý, Petr Hála","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0036","url":null,"abstract":"The security of the population and its protection in the context of terrorist attacks is currently one of the major topics of the professional public and security forces. A number of attacks in the last decade have targeted soft targets, which, according to a generally valid definition, can be considered as places with a high concentration of people and a low level of security against violent attacks. In order to ensure maximum effectiveness in protecting soft targets, a number of procedures and methodologies have been developed to determine appropriate measures and their appropriate application. From a technical point of view, these include mechanical barrier systems and elements. It is mechanical barrier elements that are the focus of this article, which uses a selected specific device to present its function, its possible applications, and the issue of testing before use in practice.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0079
Libor Topol, Michal Malý
This paper describes development of an innovative advanced driving simulator (ADS), that will be implemented into the driver education process as a method to improve education of students and thus their readiness to enter everyday traffic. ADS will allow the driving school students to get more practice in general vehicle control, unusual situation solving and use of modern assistant systems, as well as objectively evaluate student’s skills by the instructor. As a conclusion, expected outcomes of innovative simulator design and results validation possibilities are discussed.
{"title":"Development of advanced driving simulator for driving schools","authors":"Libor Topol, Michal Malý","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0079","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes development of an innovative advanced driving simulator (ADS), that will be implemented into the driver education process as a method to improve education of students and thus their readiness to enter everyday traffic. ADS will allow the driving school students to get more practice in general vehicle control, unusual situation solving and use of modern assistant systems, as well as objectively evaluate student’s skills by the instructor. As a conclusion, expected outcomes of innovative simulator design and results validation possibilities are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0020
David Lehet
The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of using inexpensive, commercial electronics such as a smartwatch or chest belt to measure human physiological functions while driving in vehicle simulator, both to improve safety and to use these devices in other experiments to facilitate their conduct and replace more complex laboratory equipment. In the first part of the paper, the signs of stress and cognitive load through physiological functions are researched, then the possibilities of measuring these signs are explored. This is followed by an experiment in which two commonly available devices are compared in terms of accuracy and usefulness for measurement during the experiment.
{"title":"Possibilities of using commercial electronics to measure driver physiological functions in a vehicle simulator","authors":"David Lehet","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0020","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of using inexpensive, commercial electronics such as a smartwatch or chest belt to measure human physiological functions while driving in vehicle simulator, both to improve safety and to use these devices in other experiments to facilitate their conduct and replace more complex laboratory equipment. In the first part of the paper, the signs of stress and cognitive load through physiological functions are researched, then the possibilities of measuring these signs are explored. This is followed by an experiment in which two commonly available devices are compared in terms of accuracy and usefulness for measurement during the experiment.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0066
Tereza Šimková, Michal Frydrýn
The topic of the article are vehicle restraint systems. Specifically, the paper focuses on the safety analysis of the way of implementation of crash cushions. Within the safety analysis carried out on the territory of the Ústí Region of the Czech Republic, the most frequently occurring deficiencies in crash cushions and their possible impacts on road safety were identified. The output is the creation of catalogue sheets of crash cushions, which contain the most frequently installed crash cushions on the road network and a summary of methodological requirements for their adequate implementation. The work is intended to serve as an effective tool and a quality source of information for road managers and road safety auditors during their subsequent inspection.
{"title":"Safety analysis of the method of implementation of crash cushions","authors":"Tereza Šimková, Michal Frydrýn","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0066","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of the article are vehicle restraint systems. Specifically, the paper focuses on the safety analysis of the way of implementation of crash cushions. Within the safety analysis carried out on the territory of the Ústí Region of the Czech Republic, the most frequently occurring deficiencies in crash cushions and their possible impacts on road safety were identified. The output is the creation of catalogue sheets of crash cushions, which contain the most frequently installed crash cushions on the road network and a summary of methodological requirements for their adequate implementation. The work is intended to serve as an effective tool and a quality source of information for road managers and road safety auditors during their subsequent inspection.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.41.0044
Jan Novotný
This paper describes the application of eye tracking technology in the automotive industry in the context of vehicle assessment in customer clinics. The paper presents the mentioned technology, the applied experimental methodology and selected results. In particular, the hypotheses that were expressed during the research of the topic and during the preparation of the experiment are answered. In this way, the innovative technology of eye tracking can be used to reflect the "voice of the customer" in the vehicle design.
{"title":"Analysis of objective eye tracking data used for vehicle assessment","authors":"Jan Novotný","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.41.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the application of eye tracking technology in the automotive industry in the context of vehicle assessment in customer clinics. The paper presents the mentioned technology, the applied experimental methodology and selected results. In particular, the hypotheses that were expressed during the research of the topic and during the preparation of the experiment are answered. In this way, the innovative technology of eye tracking can be used to reflect the \"voice of the customer\" in the vehicle design.","PeriodicalId":7150,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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