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The photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis 光合作用的氧气进化并不排除碳酸氢盐光解的重要作用和贡献
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00649-z
Yanyou Wu, Shaogang Guo

Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical reaction on Earth. It has co-evolved and developed with the Earth, driving the biogeochemical cycle of all elements on the planet and serving as the only chemical process in nature that can convert light energy into chemical energy. Some heavy oxygen isotopic (18O) labeling experiments have “conclusively” demonstrated that the oxygen released by photosynthesis comes only from water and are written into textbooks. However, it is not difficult to find that bicarbonate has never been excluded from the direct substrate of photosynthesis from beginning to end during the history of photosynthesis research. No convincing mechanism can be used to explain photosynthetic oxygen evolution solely from water photolysis. The bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the thermodynamic convenience of bicarbonate photolysis, the crystal structure characteristics of photosystem II, and the reinterpretation of heavy oxygen isotopic labeling (18O) experiments all indicate that the photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis. The recently proposed view that bicarbonate photolysis is the premise of water photolysis, bicarbonate photolysis and water photolysis work together with a 1:1 (mol/mol) stoichiometric relationship, and the stoichiometric relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide released during photosynthetic oxygen evolution is also 1:1, has excellent applicability and objectivity, which can logically and reasonably explain the precise coordination between light and dark reactions during photosynthesis, the bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the Kok cycle and the neutrality of water and carbon in nature. This is of great significance for constructing the bionic artificial photosynthetic reactors and scientifically answering the question of the source of elemental stoichiometric relationships in nature.

光合作用是地球上最重要的生化反应。它与地球共同进化和发展,推动着地球上所有元素的生物地球化学循环,是自然界中唯一能将光能转化为化学能的化学过程。一些重氧同位素(18O)标记实验 "确凿 "地证明光合作用释放的氧气只来自于水,并被写进了教科书。然而,我们不难发现,在光合作用的研究史上,碳酸氢盐自始至终从未被排除在光合作用的直接底物之外。没有一种令人信服的机制可以用来解释光合作用中氧气的进化完全来自于水的光解。碳酸氢盐效应、多尔效应、碳酸氢盐光解的热力学便利性、光合系统 II 的晶体结构特征以及重氧同位素标记(18O)实验的重新解释都表明,光合作用氧进化并不排除碳酸氢盐光解的重要作用和贡献。最近提出的碳酸氢盐光解是水光解的前提,碳酸氢盐光解和水光解以 1:1(摩尔/摩尔)的化学计量关系共同作用,光合作用氧进化过程中释放的氧气和二氧化碳的化学计量关系也是 1:1,具有很好的适用性和客观性,可以从逻辑上合理解释光合作用过程中光反应和暗反应的精确配合、碳酸氢盐效应、多尔效应、科克循环以及自然界中水和碳的中性。这对于建造仿生人工光合反应器和科学回答自然界元素化学计量关系的来源问题具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The late Early-Paleozoic granitic magmatism in Northwestern Fujian, China: constraints on intraplate orogeny in the South China block 中国福建西北早古生代晚期花岗岩岩浆活动:华南地块板内造山运动的制约因素
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00646-2
WanLi Gao, ZongXiu Wang

The Early Paleozoic tectono-thermal event was a significant orogenic activity during the Phanerozoic era, which had a profound impact on the early crust of the South China Block (SCB) and established the foundation for later tectonic activity. The Wuyi-Yunkai orogenic belt in Southeastern China was extensively exposed to Early Paleozoic magmatism, the genetic mechanism of which remains controversial. To shed light on this issue, detailed petrological, geochemical, and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic studies were carried out on two granitoids, namely the Yuntongshan pluton and the Gaoqiao pluton, identified in the central Wuyishan. Zircon U–Pb chronology of the Yuntongshan and Gaoqiao bodies yielded ages of 437 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 2.2) and 404 ± 2 Ma (MSWD = 12), respectively, indicating that they were emplaced during the Early Silurian and Early Devonian periods. These granitoids are primarily composed of biotite-granite and biotite-monzonitic-granites, with high concentrations of SiO2 (73.59–75.91 wt%), K2O + Na2O (8.31–8.73 wt%), and low contents of MgO, CaO, Cr, Ni. They are classified as high-K calc-alkaline and weakly metaluminous-strongly peraluminous S-type granites. These granitoids are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs) with arc affinity. The εHf(t) values of − 3.3 to − 15.4 with two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 2829 to 1644 Ma, combined with the presence of Neoproterozoic inherited zircons, suggest that the primary magma of these granitoids was derived from the partial melting of Neoproterozoic crust with a Paleoproterozoic crustal model age. These findings, combined with the spatio-temporal distribution of regional magmatism, reveal that the late Early-Paleozoic granitoids formed in the intraplate orogenic background originating from the subduction of the proto-Tethys Ocean and proto-Pacific Ocean around the margin of the east Gondwana supercontinent.

早古生代构造热事件是新生代的一次重要造山活动,对华南地块早期地壳产生了深远影响,为后来的构造活动奠定了基础。中国东南部的武夷-云开造山带广泛暴露于早古生代岩浆活动,其成因机制仍存在争议。为了揭示这一问题,我们对武夷山中部发现的两个花岗岩,即云通山岩体和高桥岩体,进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素研究。云洞山和高桥岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学年龄分别为437±4Ma(MSWD = 2.2)和404±2Ma(MSWD = 12),表明它们是在早志留纪和早泥盆纪形成的。这些花岗岩主要由黑云母-花岗岩和黑云母-黑云母-花岗岩组成,二氧化硅(73.59-75.91 wt%)、K2O + Na2O(8.31-8.73 wt%)含量高,氧化镁、氧化钙、铬、镍含量低。它们被归类为高K钙碱性和弱金属铝-强过铝S型花岗岩。这些花岗岩富含轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲岩元素(LILEs),而贫含重稀土元素(HREEs)和具有弧亲和性的高场强元素(HFSEs)。εHf(t)值为-3.3至-15.4,两阶段Hf模型年龄为2829至1644Ma,结合新元古代继承锆石的存在,表明这些花岗岩的原生岩浆来自新元古代地壳的部分熔融,其地壳模型年龄为古元古代。这些发现与区域岩浆活动的时空分布相结合,揭示了早古生代晚期花岗岩是在板内造山运动背景下形成的,造山运动起源于东冈瓦纳超大陆边缘的原特提斯洋和原太平洋的俯冲作用。
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引用次数: 0
The co-transport of Cd(II) and nZnO in saturated soil packed column: effects of ionic strength and pH 饱和土壤填料柱中镉(II)和氧化锌的协同迁移:离子强度和 pH 值的影响
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00645-3
Min Liao, Guo Bin, Yixin Luo, Yuhao Zhang, Kangyou Hu, Xiongxiong Lu, Xiaomei Xie

The rapid development and widespread use of ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) in various industries have raised concerns about their potential environmental impact. Therefore, understanding the fate and role of nZnO in the natural environment is crucial for mitigating their hazardous effects on the environment and human safety. The purpose of the present study was to provide scientific support for understanding and eliminating the joint risk of nanoparticle and heavy metal pollution in the soil environment by revealing the co-transport characteristics of Cd(II) and ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) in soil under different ionic strength (IS) and pH. The impacts of different IS and pH on the co-transport of Cd(II) and nZnO in a 20 cm long with an inner diameter of 2.5 cm acrylic column packed with 10 cm high soil samples were investigated in the present study. In the above system, a 500 μg L−1 Cd(II) loaded nZnO suspension pulse with varying IS or pH was introduced into the soil column for leaching over 5 PVs, followed up by 5 PVs background solutions without nZnO. The IS was 1, 10, or 50 mM NaCl, with pH6, or the pH was 6, 7 or 8 with 1 mM NaCl. Meanwhile, Sedimentation experiments for nZnO, adsorption of Cd(II) on soil, and nZnO, DLVO theory calculation for the same background condition were conducted. The presence of nZnO significantly increased the mobility of Cd(II) as a result of its strong adsorption capacity for nZnO-associated Cd(II). However, with the increase of IS, the co-transport of nZnO and Cd(II) was decreased and the retention of nZnO in the soil column due to more nZnO attended to aggregate and sediment during the transport and the decrease in the adsorption capacity of nZnO for Cd(II) by competition of Na+. When pH was 6, 7, and 8, the co-transport of nZnO and Cd(II) increased with higher pH due to the lower electrostatic attraction between nZnO and soil under higher pH. Meanwhile, the DLVO theory was fitted to describe the above co-transport process of nZnO and Cd(II). More attention should be paid to the presence of nZnO on the migration of Cd(II) in the natural soil to control the potential risk of nanoparticles and heavy metals to the environment. The risk of co-transport of nZnO and Cd(II) might be controlled by adjusting IS and pH in the soil solution.

纳米氧化锌(nZnO)在各行各业的快速发展和广泛应用引起了人们对其潜在环境影响的关注。因此,了解 nZnO 在自然环境中的归宿和作用对于减轻其对环境和人类安全的有害影响至关重要。本研究旨在通过揭示镉(II)和纳米氧化锌(nZnO)在不同离子强度(IS)和 pH 值条件下在土壤中的共迁移特性,为了解和消除土壤环境中纳米颗粒和重金属污染的共同风险提供科学支持。本研究调查了在一个长 20 厘米、内径 2.5 厘米、装有 10 厘米高土壤样品的丙烯酸柱中,不同离子强度和 pH 值对 Cd(II) 和 nZnO 协同迁移的影响。在上述系统中,500 μg L-1 的镉(II)负载 nZnO 悬浮脉冲随 IS 或 pH 值的变化被引入土壤柱中浸滤 5 个 PV,然后再浸滤 5 个 PV 不含 nZnO 的背景溶液。IS 为 1、10 或 50 mM NaCl,pH 值为 6;pH 值为 6、7 或 8,含 1 mM NaCl。同时,还进行了 nZnO 的沉降实验、土壤对 Cd(II) 的吸附实验以及相同背景条件下的 nZnO、DLVO 理论计算。由于 nZnO 对与 nZnO 相关的 Cd(II) 有很强的吸附能力,因此 nZnO 的存在大大增加了 Cd(II) 的迁移率。然而,随着 IS 的增加,nZnO 和 Cd(II) 的共迁移率降低,并且由于迁移过程中更多的 nZnO 参与聚集和沉积,以及 nZnO 在 Na+ 的竞争下对 Cd(II) 的吸附能力降低,导致 nZnO 在土柱中的保留率降低。当 pH 值为 6、7 和 8 时,随着 pH 值的升高,nZnO 与 Cd(II)的共迁移量增加,这是因为在较高的 pH 值下,nZnO 与土壤之间的静电吸引力降低。同时,DLVO 理论被拟合用于描述上述 nZnO 和 Cd(II) 的共迁移过程。应更多地关注 nZnO 对自然土壤中 Cd(II) 迁移的影响,以控制纳米粒子和重金属对环境的潜在风险。可通过调节土壤溶液中的 IS 和 pH 值来控制 nZnO 和 Cd(II) 共同迁移的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Silurian adakitic granitoids in the eastern segment of the Qilian Orogenic Belt, Northwest China 中国西北祁连造山带东段志留纪阿达克花岗岩的岩石成因及构造影响
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00644-4
Jiao-Long Zhao, Xiao-Jun Huang, Pei-Qing Hu, Zhen-Xi Yang, Ying Fan, Er-Teng Wang, Fu-Bo Yang, Jing-Yu Zhang

Geodynamic mechanism responsible for the generation of Silurian granitoids and the tectonic evolution of the Qilian orogenic belt remains controversial. In this study, we report the results of zircon U–Pb age, and systematic whole-rock geochemical data for the Haoquangou and Liujiaxia granitoids within the North Qilian orogenic belt and the Qilian Block, respectively, to constrain their petrogenesis, and the Silurian tectonic evolution of the Qilian orogenic belt. Zircon U–Pb ages indicate that the Haoquangou and Liujiaxia intrusions were emplaced at 423 ± 3 Ma and 432 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The Haoquangou granodiorites are calc-alkaline, while the Liujiaxia granites belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. Both are peraluminous in composition and have relatively depleted Nd isotopic [εNd(t) = (− 3.9 – + 0.6)] characteristics compared with regional basement rocks, implying their derivation from a juvenile lower crust. They show adakitic geochemical characteristics and were generated by partial melting of thickened lower continental crust. Post-collisional extensional regime related to lithospheric delamination was the most likely geodynamic mechanism for the generation of the Haoquangou granodiorite, while the Liujiaxia granites were generated in a compressive setting during continental collision between the Qaidam and Qilian blocks.

志留纪花岗岩的生成机制和祁连造山带的构造演化仍存在争议。本研究报告了北祁连造山带郝泉沟花岗岩和祁连块体刘家峡花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和系统的全岩地球化学数据,以约束其岩石成因和祁连造山带志留纪构造演化。锆石U-Pb年龄表明,郝泉沟和刘家峡侵入体分别成岩于423±3Ma和432±4Ma。郝泉沟花岗闪长岩属于钙碱性,而刘家峡花岗岩属于高K钙碱性系列。与区域基底岩石相比,二者的成分均为过铝质,并具有相对贫化的钕同位素[εNd(t) = (- 3.9 - + 0.6)]特征,这意味着二者均衍生自年轻的下地壳。它们显示出阿达克特地球化学特征,是由增厚的下部大陆地壳部分熔化产生的。与岩石圈脱层有关的碰撞后延伸机制是产生郝泉沟花岗岩的最可能的地球动力学机制,而刘家峡花岗岩则是在柴达木和祁连块体之间的大陆碰撞期间的压缩环境中产生的。
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引用次数: 0
Solubility of water in bridgmanite 水在菱镁石中的溶解度
4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00642-6
Wenhua Lu, Yuan Li

Water in Earth’s mantle plays a critical role in both geodynamic and surficial habitability. Water in the upper mantle and transition zone is widely discussed, but less is known about the water in the lower mantle despite it constituting over half of Earth’s mass. Understanding the water storage in Earth’s lower mantle relies on comprehending the water solubility of bridgmanite, which is the most abundant mineral both in the lower mantle and throughout Earth. Nevertheless, due to limited access to the lower mantle, our understanding of water in bridgmanite mainly comes from laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations, and a huge controversy still exists. In this paper, we provide a review of the commonly employed research methods and current findings concerning the solubility of water in bridgmanite. Potential factors, such as pressure, temperature, compositions, etc., that influence the water solubility of bridgmanite will be discussed, along with insights into future research directions.

地幔中的水对地球动力学和地表可居住性都起着至关重要的作用。上地幔和过渡带中的水被广泛讨论,但对下地幔中的水知之甚少,尽管它占地球质量的一半以上。了解地球下地幔中的水储存依赖于了解桥辉石的水溶性,桥辉石是下地幔和整个地球中最丰富的矿物。然而,由于对下地幔的接触有限,我们对bridgemanite含水的认识主要来自于实验室实验和理论计算,仍然存在巨大的争议。本文综述了水在桥菱石中的溶解度的常用研究方法和最新研究成果。讨论了影响桥菱石水溶性的潜在因素,如压力、温度、成分等,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and Hf isotopes of S-type granite in the Baoshan block, constraints on the age and evolution of the Proto-Tethys 宝山地块S型花岗岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb地质年代和Hf同位素,对原特提斯年龄和演化的约束
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00639-1
Jianjun Zhang, Chuanlong Mou, Chendong Liu, Yong Zhang, Ting Chen, Hualiang Li

Geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and Hf isotope data for the Early Paleozoic granites in the Baoshan Block reveal the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys. The samples are high-K, calc-alkaline, strongly peraluminous rocks with A/CNK values of 1.37–1.46, are enriched in SiO2, K2O, and Rb, and are depleted in Nb, P, Ti, Eu, and heavy rare earth elements, which indicates the crystallization fractionation of the granitic magma. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that they formed in ca. 480 Ma. The Nansa granites have εHf(t) values ranging from − 16.04 to 4.36 with corresponding TCDM ages of 2.10–0.81 Ga, which suggests the magmas derived from the partial melting of ancient metasedimentary with minor involvement of mantle-derived components. A synthesis of data for the Early Paleozoic igneous rocks in the Baoshan block and adjacent (Tengchong, Qiangtang, Sibumasu, Himalaya, etc.) blocks indicates that these blocks were all aligned along the proto-Tethyan margin of East Gondwana in the Early Paleozoic. The Early Paleozoic S-type granites from Nansa were generated in a high-temperature and low-pressure (HTLP) extensional tectonic setting, which resulted from Andean-type orogeny instead of the final assembly of Gondwana or crustal extension in a non-arc environment. In certain places, an expanding environment may exist in opposition to the tectonic backdrop of the lithosphere's thickening and shortening, leading the crust to melt and decompress, mantle-derived materials to mix, and a small quantity of peraluminous granite to emerge.

宝山地块早古生代花岗岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb地质年代和Hf同位素数据揭示了原特提斯地区早古生代构造演化过程。样品为高K、钙碱性、强高铝岩,A/CNK值为1.37-1.46,富含SiO2、K2O和Rb,贫含Nb、P、Ti、Eu和重稀土元素,显示了花岗岩岩浆的结晶分馏过程。锆石 U-Pb 测定显示,它们形成于约 480 Ma。南沙花岗岩的εHf(t)值范围在-16.04到4.36之间,相应的TCDM年龄为2.10-0.81 Ga,这表明岩浆来源于古元古代的部分熔融,地幔衍生成分参与较少。对保山地块及邻近地块(腾冲、羌塘、锡伯马苏、喜马拉雅等)早古生代火成岩数据的综合分析表明,这些地块在早古生代均沿东冈瓦纳原泰西边缘排列。南沙早古生代 S 型花岗岩产生于高温低压(HTLP)扩展构造环境中,是安第斯型造山运动的结果,而不是冈瓦纳最终组装或地壳在非弧形环境中扩展的结果。在某些地方,膨胀环境可能与岩石圈增厚和缩短的构造背景相反,导致地壳熔化和减压,地幔衍生物质混合,并出现少量高铝花岗岩。
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引用次数: 0
Facies development and sedimentology of the Middle Miocene carbonates of the Raghama Formation, northeastern Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯东北部拉格哈马地层中新世碳酸盐岩的地貌发展和沉积学
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00643-5
Mansour H. Al-Hashim, Abdelbaset S. El-Sorogy, Meshal Wadani

Ragahama Formation comprises a siliciclastic continental deposits followed by marine carbonates, representing prograding alluvial fans from adjacent high hinterlands seaward into lagoons and fringing reef environments. The present work aimed to document the facies development and sedimentology of the Raghama carbonates exposed along the eastern coastal plain of the Red Sea, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Four stratigraphic sections were measured and sampled (D1–D4) and thin sections and major and trace element analyses were prepared and applied for petrographic and geochemical approaches. The carbonates were subdivided into three successive fore-reef, reef-core, and back-reef depositional facies. Sandy stromatolitic boundstone, microbial laminites, dolomitic ooidal grainstone, bioclastic coralline algal wackestone, sandy bioclastic wackestone, and coral boundstones were the reported microfacies types. Petrographic analysis reveals that the studied carbonates were affected by dissolution, dolomitization, and aggrading recrystallization, which affects both the original micrite matrix and grains or acts as fracture and veinlet filling leading to widespread vuggy and moldic porosity. No evidence of physical compaction, suggesting rapid lithification and recrystallization during early diagenesis and prior to substantial burial and intensive flushing by meteoric waters. Most of the original microstructure of corals were leached and destructed. This is indicated by the higher depletion in Sr and Ca levels and increase in Mg, Na, Fe, and Mn levels, especially in section D1, in comparison with the worldwide carbonates.

拉加哈马地层由硅质大陆沉积物和海洋碳酸盐岩组成,代表了从邻近的高地腹地向海延伸到泻湖和礁石环境的冲积扇。本研究旨在记录沙特阿拉伯西北部红海东部沿海平原出露的拉格哈马碳酸盐岩的岩相发展和沉积学。对四个地层剖面(D1-D4)进行了测量和取样,并制作了薄片和进行了主要元素和痕量元素分析,应用于岩石学和地球化学方法。碳酸盐岩被细分为三个连续的前礁、礁核和后礁沉积面。报告的微地层类型包括砂质叠层状结合岩、微生物层状岩、白云质鲕粒岩、生物碎屑珊瑚藻华岩、砂质生物碎屑华岩和珊瑚结合岩。岩相分析表明,所研究的碳酸盐岩受到溶解、白云石化和老化重结晶的影响,这既影响了原始微岩基质和晶粒,也起到了裂缝和细脉填充的作用,导致了广泛的块状和模状孔隙率。没有物理压实的迹象,这表明在成岩早期、大量埋藏和陨石水密集冲刷之前,岩化和再结晶过程十分迅速。珊瑚的大部分原始微观结构已被沥滤和破坏。与世界范围内的碳酸盐岩相比,D1 段的 Sr 和 Ca 含量更低,而 Mg、Na、Fe 和 Mn 含量则更高。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution, health and ecological risk assessments of trace elements in Nigerian oil sands 尼日利亚油砂中微量元素的分布、健康和生态风险评估
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00641-7
Odunayo T. Ore, Festus M. Adebiyi

The Nigerian oil sands represent the largest oil sand deposit in Africa, yet there is little published information on the distribution and potential health and ecological risks of trace elements in the oil resource. In the present study, we investigated the distribution pattern of 18 trace elements (including biophile and chalcophile elements) as well as the estimated risks associated with exposure to these elements. The results of the study indicated that Fe was the most abundant element, with a mean concentration of 22,131 mg/kg while Br had the lowest mean concentration of 48 mg/kg. The high occurrence of Fe and Ti suggested a possible occurrence of ilmenite (FeTiO3) in the oil sands. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization showed that the possible sources of detected elements in the oil sands were geogenic, metal production, and crustal. The contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index, and Nemerow pollution index indicated that the oil sands are heavily polluted by the elements. Health risk assessment showed that children were relatively more susceptible to the potentially toxic elements in the oil sands principally via ingestion exposure route (HQ > 1E-04). Cancer risks from inhalation are unlikely due to CR < 1E-06 but ingestion and dermal contact pose severe risks (CR > 1E-04). The high concentrations of the elements pose serious threats due to the potential for atmospheric transport, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability.

尼日利亚油砂是非洲最大的油砂矿床,但关于石油资源中微量元素的分布及其潜在健康和生态风险的公开信息却很少。在本研究中,我们调查了 18 种微量元素(包括亲生物元素和亲钙元素)的分布模式,以及与接触这些元素有关的估计风险。研究结果表明,铁是含量最高的元素,平均浓度为 22,131 毫克/千克,而溴的平均浓度最低,为 48 毫克/千克。铁和钛的高含量表明油砂中可能存在钛铁矿(FeTiO3)。使用正矩阵因式分解法进行的来源分配显示,油砂中检测到的元素可能来自地质、金属生产和地壳。污染因子、地质累积指数、修正污染程度、污染负荷指数和内默洛污染指数表明,油砂受到了严重的元素污染。健康风险评估显示,儿童主要通过摄入接触途径(HQ > 1E-04)更容易受到油砂中潜在有毒元素的影响。由于 CR <1E-06,吸入致癌的风险不大,但摄入和皮肤接触会带来严重风险(CR >1E-04)。这些元素的高浓度会对大气传输、生物可及性和生物利用率造成严重威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of extraction method for quantitative analysis of Si/Al in soil phytoliths 土壤植物岩中硅铝定量分析提取方法的优化
4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00640-8
Yongsheng Chu, Yue Xia, Xiaoying Li, Fushun Wang

Elemental information carried by phytoliths plays a crucial indicative role in geochemical research. For instance, it serves as an indicator of the carbon pool effect in phytoliths and aids in the elucidation of silicon sources. However, early extraction methods for soil phytoliths primarily focused on obtaining their morphological and quantitative information, lacking efficient techniques for quantitative elemental analysis. In this study, we aimed to extract Si/Al information from soil phytoliths. Considering the need for complete extraction of phytolith, six extraction methods were developed and further by alkaline dissolution to determine Si/Al. Six methods were compared in terms of enrichment capacity, the weight of extracted phytoliths, and Si/Al differences. The results indicated that the addition of Ammonia-Catechol in the commonly used heavy liquid flotation method effectively improved phytolith extraction capability and the accuracy of Si/Al results. Additionally, the inclusion of an acetic acid step before alkaline dissolution further removed surface-adsorbed impurities and enhanced the analytical quality of Si/Al in phytolith. The comparison of the data in this study with other published data shows that our method is relatively robust. The improved method proposed in this study can provide a new idea for the quantitative analysis of other elements in soil phytoliths.

植物岩所携带的元素信息在地球化学研究中具有重要的指示作用。例如,它可以作为植物岩中碳池效应的指标,并有助于阐明硅的来源。然而,早期的土壤植物岩提取方法主要集中于获取植物岩的形态和定量信息,缺乏有效的定量元素分析技术。在本研究中,我们旨在从土壤植物岩中提取Si/Al信息。考虑到完整提取植岩的需要,开发了6种提取方法,并进一步采用碱溶法测定硅铝比。比较了6种方法的富集能力、提取植物岩的重量和Si/Al差异。结果表明,在常用的重液浮选法中加入氨儿茶酚可有效提高植石的提取能力和硅铝结果的准确性。此外,在碱性溶解前加入一个醋酸步骤进一步去除表面吸附的杂质,提高了植物岩中Si/Al的分析质量。本研究的数据与其他已发表的数据的比较表明,我们的方法是相对稳健的。本研究提出的改进方法可为土壤植物岩中其他元素的定量分析提供新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Solute transport and geochemical modeling of the coastal quaternary aquifer, Delta Dahab Basin, South Sinai, Egypt 埃及南西奈三角洲达哈布盆地沿海第四系含水层的溶质运移和地球化学建模
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00637-3
Amira Samy, Mustafa Eissa, Seham Shahen, Moustafa M. Said, Rabab M. Abou-shahaba

The wadi dahab delta is in a dry, arid coastal zone within Egypt's south Sinai Peninsula's eastern portion. The primary water source is the Quaternary coastal alluvial aquifer. The groundwater salinity varies from 890 to 8213 mg/L, with a mean value of 3417 mg/L. The dissolved major ions have been used to calculate the seawater mixing index (SWMI) using a linear equation that discriminates the groundwater mostly affected by water–rock interaction (SWMI 1 >) and other samples mixed with Seawater (SWMI < 1). The isotopic composition of groundwater for specifically chosen groundwater samples ranges from −0.645‰ to +5.212‰ for δ18O and from − 9.582‰ to + 22.778‰ for δ2H, where the seawater represented by a Red Sea water sample (δ18O + 1.64‰ − δ2H + 9.80‰) and reject brine water are considerably enriched the isotopic groundwater values. The geochemical NETPATH model constrained by the dissolved significant ions, isotopes, and the rock aquifer forming minerals as phases indicate the mixing percent with the seawater ranges from 9% to 97% of seawater from 91% to 3% of original recharge water. According to the SEAWAT 3-D flow models, seawater has penetrated the Northeastern Dahab delta aquifer, with the intrusion zone extending 1500 m inland. The salt dissolution, upwelling of saline water, recharge from the upstream mountain block, and seawater encroachment are the primary aspects contributing to the deterioration of groundwater quality. These findings may have significance for effective groundwater withdrawal management in arid locations worldwide with similar hydrogeological systems.

瓦迪-达哈布三角洲位于埃及西奈半岛南部东部干旱的沿海地带。主要水源是第四纪沿海冲积含水层。地下水含盐量在 890 至 8213 毫克/升之间,平均值为 3417 毫克/升。溶解的主要离子被用来计算海水混合指数(SWMI),使用线性方程来区分主要受水岩相互作用影响的地下水(SWMI 1 >)和其他与海水混合的样本(SWMI <1)。特定选取的地下水样本的同位素组成范围为:δ18O 从-0.645‰到+5.212‰,δ2H 从-9.582‰到+22.778‰,其中以红海水样本为代表的海水(δ18O + 1.64‰ - δ2H + 9.80‰)和剔除的盐水大大富集了地下水的同位素值。地球化学 NETPATH 模型以溶解的重要离子、同位素和岩石含水层形成的矿物为相进行约束,表明与海水的混合比例从原来补给水的 91%到 3%不等,从 9%到 97%不等。根据 SEAWAT 三维水流模型,海水已经渗入达哈布三角洲东北部含水层,入侵区向内陆延伸了 1500 米。盐分溶解、盐水上涌、上游山体补给和海水侵蚀是导致地下水水质恶化的主要原因。这些发现可能对全球具有类似水文地质系统的干旱地区进行有效的地下水抽取管理具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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