Acta Stomatologica Croatica最新文献

Objectives: To optimize the therapeutic usefulness of aligners, it is crucial to understand how their mechanical properties alter with time.

Materials and methods: Specimens from four different brands, including Duran+, CA® Pro, Zendura A, and Zendura FLX, were produced for material testing of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners (TOA) using dimensions measuring 4mm x 10mm. Each brand's 24 samples were split into three groups as follows: G1 being thermoformed, G2 being thermoformed and underwent 500 thermocycles (simulating 7 days), and G3 being thermoformed and underwent 1000 thermocycles (simulating 14 days). Surface roughness, modulus of elasticity in bending, and spectrophotometry were used to assess the effect of aging on TOAs.

Results: After 1000 thermocycles, Duran+ had the highest modulus of elasticity and differed statistically from all other groups. The intragroup comparison showed that only Duran+'s elastic modulus significantly changed after 1000 thermocycles in comparison with the control group. Surface roughness values (Ra), did not statistically differ among brands or thermocycling group measures. The change in chemical properties was not significant in any brand.

Conclusion: One-layer PETG (Duran+) failed to demonstrate stability after in vitro aging, thus suggesting that clinicians should be aware of the change in mechanical properties when using one-layer PETG (Duran +) in a 2 weeks regime.

Objective: The study has evaluated the accuracy (trueness and precision) of seven extraoral scanners when scanning two different types of jaws: simplified jaw with sharp edges and abutments and realistic jaw with natural teeth. The accuracies of extraoral scanners were compared, and their compliance with the required clinical accuracy levels was discussed.

Material and methods: Ten scans were made with each scanner for both models. The comparison of the selected dental scanners relied on reference scans made for both models. Trueness, precision, and the distribution and value of laboratory scan points' deviations were assessed for each scanner across the models.

Results: The trueness for the model of the simplified jaw with abutments ranged from 16.15 to 49.78 μm. The measured precision values for the same model ranged from 4.33 to 29.49 μm. For the model of the realistic jaw with natural teeth, the trueness results ranged from 11.32 to 24.55 μm, while the obtained precision values were between 2.29 and 18.06 μm.

Conclusion: The revealed dissimilarities in the accuracies of scanners and their ranking when scanning different models lead to the conclusion that model selection is critical for the research design. All the scanners met the clinical accuracy requirements and are suitable for use in laboratories for scanning jaws with abutments and jaws with natural teeth. However, the accuracy values reported by the manufacturers of scanners are better than those obtained in this study. Furthermore, the results suggested that blue light scanners outperform white light and laser scanners.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of tooth whitening and the effects on satisfaction with whitening treatment and esthetic self-perception of over-the-counter tooth whitening products.

Materials and methods: Fifty-six participants were randomly allocated to three groups based on the whitening product they used (toothpaste, pencil, or a combination of both). In this prospective study, alterations in tooth color were assessed using a spectrophotometer at three distinct time intervals (initial measurement, seven days, and 14 days after commencing the use of the whitening product). Simultaneously, the respondents were given the PIDAQ questionnaire to complete. Patient satisfaction with treatment characteristics (5-point Likert scale), and perception of side effects were assessed at the end of the study.

Results: Participants who used the whitening pen either alone or in combination with whitening toothpaste showed significant improvements in tooth color and whiteness index at seven and 14 days compared to those who used whitening toothpaste alone (p≤0.001). No significant differences were found between products in overall satisfaction with treatment, perception of final tooth color, and treatment comfort. Furthermore, with the exception of the psychological influence factor after 14 days (p≤0.001), there were no significant differences in the PIDAQ questionnaire scores between the whitening products at the different time points. However, many respondents (16.6%) reported oral mucosal sensitivity and a higher percentage (27.8%) reported tooth sensitivity during whitening pen application.

Conclusion: The combination of whitening toothpaste and whitening pen, as well as the whitening pen alone, showed effective objective color change results, but home whitening procedures did not significantly affect participants' self-perceived satisfaction or psychosocial outcomes depending on the product used.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the color stability, surface roughness, and flexural properties of the injection-molded thermoplastic polyamide Vertex ThermoSens denture base resin following a 3-minute immersion in Polident 3-minute denture cleanser.

Methods: Sixty specimens (Vertex ThermoSens) were processed and divided into two main groups (n = 30) based on the type of test. Group 1 was further subdivided into two subgroups (n = 15): the control group immersed in distilled water (G1DW) and the test group immersed in Polident cleanser solution (G1PD). Group 2 was divided into three subgroups: a non-immersed group (G2None), a group immersed in distilled water (G2DW), and a group immersed in Polident cleanser solution (G2PD). Color change (∆E) and surface roughness measurements were conducted for group 1, and flexural modulus (E) test was performed for group 2. The CIE Lab* formula was utilized to calculate ∆E. An optical 3D surface analyzer and a three-point bending test were employed for surface roughness and E assessments, respectively. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using a paired-sample t-test for differences within each group before and after immersion. Furthermore, independent-sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were conducted to analyze differences between groups. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.

Results: The results revealed a slight, statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) ∆E in all color components (L*, a*, b*) after immersion in distilled water. However, after immersion in the denture cleanser, only the L* component exhibited a statistically significant ∆E (P = 0.002), which was slight in magnitude. Additionally, a significant difference was found in the ∆E between G1DW and G1PD, with G1PD showing a higher change (P = 0.007). A significant increase in surface roughness after immersion was observed in G1PD (P = 0.017), with a notable difference between G1DW and G1PD. However, the E remained unaffected (P = 0.537).

Conclusion: Denture cleansers have the potential to modify the properties of thermoplastic polyamide resin. Further research is needed to explore the clinical implications of these observed changes on denture performance.

Background: Dental phenotype shows variation in the form of various metric and non-metric traits, primarily due to gene-environment interplay. It gives an insight into the evolutionary trends, ancestry, and food habits. Recently, it has been explored for genetic affinity with several growth anomalies and development of craniofacial skeleton which is also responsible for dental and skeletal malocclusions.

Objectives: the current study aims to investigate the non-metric dental crown traits (NDCTs) using Arizona State University Dental Anthropology system (ASUDAS) in different types of malocclusions in Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR) population.

Materials and methods: The study design was observational and retrospective. The total sample comprised of 240 pairs of dental casts divided into four equal groups of 60 subjects each (30 male and 30 female), based on malocclusion. The four groups of malocclusions were: Angle's Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, Class III. The investigator was blinded for patient ID and sex before recording the data. The data for cast were recorded by three observers independently in a modified malocclusion- non-metric dental crown traits (M-NDCT) anthropological variants chart and statistically analyzed for association with different malocclusions and sex.

Results: Significant differences were found in the expression of several NDCTs (both in presence and scoring) in different malocclusions. Class I malocclusion showed a predominantly winging, shoveling -upper central and lateral incisor, protostylid, hypoconulid absence in lower second molar, and cusp number. Class II malocclusion showed a double shoveling, interrupted groove, tuberculum dentale, canine mesial ridge, premolar accessory cusp, Carabelli's trait, lingual cusp variation, and seventh cusp in the lower left first molar. Class III malocclusion showed the absence of hypocone in upper second molar, deflecting wrinkle, distal trigonid crest, and Y groove in left lower second molar (26.7%). Besides, sexual dimorphism was seen in shoveling -upper central and lateral incisor, canine mesial ridge, Carabelli's trait, 3-cusp in upper second molar, and cusp number.

Conclusions: Significant association was found between non-metric dental traits and malocclusions (Class I, Class division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III). Significant sex-linked differences were also found. Further studies can be performed at multicenter pan-India level with a standard robust protocol and a large sample.

Objectives: The vitamin D receptor is involved in immunologically mediated diseases such as oral lichen planus. Some studies suggest an association between lower vitamin D concentrations and a higher risk of inflammatory conditions such as oral lichen planus. The aim of this study was to investigate 1) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with oral lichen planus compared to patients in the control group, 2) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with erosive compared to non-erosive forms of oral lichen planus, 3) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with developed oral cancer and those without cancer.

Material and methods: The study included 68 patients, 34 with oral lichen planus and 34 healthy controls. Fasting venous blood was taken from each participant to determine serum concentrations of vitamin D.

Results: The T-test results confirmed a statistically significant lower serum vitamin D concentration in patients with oral lichen planus compared to the control group (p=0.001). According to the results, a statistically significant lower serum vitamin D concentration was found in patients with erosive form OLP. All five patients with oral cancer, which was developed from erosive OLP, had low serum vitamin D concentrations.

Conclusions: Determination of serum vitamin D concentration could be important for monitoring OLP patients to prevent the development of severe clinical manifestations of erosive OLP and the conversion of symptomatic lesions to oral cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the prevalence of tooth transposition within an orthodontic population and explore its correlation with facial biotype, skeletal class and sex.

Material and methods: This study examined a sample of 2,500 initial orthodontic records from consecutive orthodontic patients who received treatment at the Master Universitario de Orthodontia (Madrid, Spain) between 2014 and 2023. Patients exhibiting incomplete or poor-quality medical records were excluded from the study. The chi-square test was used to assess variations in distribution based on facial biotype, skeletal class and sex. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The study findings revealed a tooth transposition prevalence rate of 0.28%. No significant differences in prevalence were observed based on sex or facial biotype, but the prevalence of transposition was found to be higher among class I patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of tooth transposition among orthodontic patients is relatively low (0.28%). However, it is more commonly observed among patients with skeletal class I malocclusion.

Objective: Low cognitive ability may reduce the ability to understand the importance of oral health and to perform the necessary practices to maintain proper oral hygiene. Early loss of primary teeth following high caries risk may lead to malocclusion of permanent dentition. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the cognitive levels of adolescents and their orthodontic treatment needs.

Material and methods: Between January 2018 and May 2018, 200 adolescents aged 10 - 15 who applied to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Marmara University and sought orthodontic treatment were invited to participate in the study. The orthodontic treatment needs of 150 adolescents who agreed to participate were evaluated with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need - Aesthetic Component and their cognitive levels were evaluated with the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) Test. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age (± standard deviation) of 126 adolescents (77 females and 49 males) who completed the SPM test was 11.8 (± 1.3). There was no consistency between the intellectual level and the need for orthodontic treatment (Kappa value = 0.071, p-value = 0.081). There was no correlation between malocclusion severity and intelligence quotient scores of adolescents (ρ [rho] = -0.089, p = 0.322). According to Multiple logistic regression results, there was no difference between 'borderline need' (p = 0.059) and 'great need' (p = 0.881) from 'no need' for orthodontic treatment in adolescents with different intelligence quotients.

Conclusions: The results showed no evidence for an association between malocclusion and intelligence quotient.

Objective: The surface of provisional restorations applied before conventional or implant- supported fixed restorations may cause bacterial or fungal biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of acrylic resins used in provisional restorations modified with chlorhexidine diacetate.

Methods: 120 cylindrical, auto-polymerized resin samples modified with chlorhexidine diacetate were prepared at concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 3, 5 wt %. The antimicrobial activity was examined against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans using Crystal Violet quantification, MTT assay, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and paired sample t-tests (α=0.05).

Results: The addition of chlorhexidine diacetate influenced the growth rate and metabolic activity of microorganisms. The antimicrobial effect against C. albicans and S. mutans statistically increased with the percentage of chlorhexidine diacetate. E. faecalis bacteria were less affected by chlorhexidine diacetate compared to other pathogens.

Conclusion: It has been shown that the effectiveness of CHDA in inhibiting the proliferation of microorganisms correlated positively with increasing concentration levels. More research is needed to confirm the impact of different chlorhexidine concentrations on the mechanical properties, clinical efficacy, and antimicrobial properties of CDHA.