Acta Stomatologica Croatica最新文献

Objectives: Molar crown wear is often used in bioarchaeological research as a proxy for age at death. However, a small number of researchers have used premolars or compared the application of different methods of relative age estimation.

Material and methods: Using a sample of 197 previously extracted maxillary first premolars from US dental patients, we considered three protocols for estimating age: the Bang and Ramm/Liversidge and Molleson (BRLM) age estimate method, occlusal topographic analysis, and the Smith system of macrowear scoring. A previous study utilizing the Bang and Ramm method yielded an age estimate range of 9.4 to 10.8 years for the sample.

Results: Our analyses showed no associations between occlusal topography parameters (occlusal slope, relief, or faceting) and BRLM age estimates, but some concordance was found between Smith scoring and BRLM ages estimates and between Smith scoring and occlusal topography parameters.

Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that relationships between gross tooth wear, tooth shape, and dental age estimates are complex, and available methods should be considered together to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how teeth change their shape with wear throughout the lifecourse.

Objective: The increasing significance of medicolegal evaluation following maxillofacial traumatic events constitutes a complex issue. This clinical research aimed to assess the current etiology of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Portuguese population.

Material and methods: An epidemiological clinical observational study was conducted in Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte on a sample of 384 subjects diagnosed with oral and maxillofacial trauma, between 2018 and 2020. Data were collected through clinical reports and analyzed using SPSS version 27.

Results: Women and men were nearly identical in the number and distribution, with 49.5% females and 50.5% males. In 2020, there was a decrease in the number of traumatic incidents compared to other years. Falls or accidental descents were found to be the most common cause of injury, accounting for 44.3%, followed by assaults accounting for 24.7%. A total of 84 subjects exhibited soft tissue injuries related to periodontal region. The upper central incisors (174) were the most frequently affected teeth with uncomplicated fractures, and the predominant form of treatment was the administration of pain medication.

Conclusion: A correlation between falls or accidental descents, female subjects, and advancing age, as well as between assaults, male subjects, and adults, has been established. Falls or accidental descents and assault were the predominant etiologies, and the year 2020 exhibited a decrease in the incidents of traumatic events.

Objectives: Smokers with periodontitis are therapeutically challenging. Azithromycin (AZM) may be used as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study was to determine the effect of azithromycin in shallow, moderate, and deep pocket depths in smokers when combined with non-surgical periodontal treatment.

Material and methods: Forty-nine patients who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day for more than 5 years were included in the study; however only 40 completed it. The number of teeth, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PPD, CAL, bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival recession were recorded at baseline and months 1, 3 and 6. The pocket depths (PD) were grouped as shallow, moderate, and deep. Twenty-four patients assigned to the AZM+ (test) group received AZM (500 mg tablets) once a day for 3 days, beginning on the first day of SRP.

Results: The decline in the total number of pockets in all groups was statistically significant from baseline to 1^st, baseline to 3^rd, baseline to 6^th; and from 1^st to 3^rd and 1^st to 6^th months. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of shallow pockets between baseline and 3^rd, baseline and 6^th; and 1^st and 6^th months (p=0.000) for both groups.

Conclusion: Antibiotic administration significantly increased the number of shallow pockets at all time points. However, larger scale controlled clinical studies are needed to verify the efficiency of AZM in smoker periodontitis patients.

This is the first case report where two patients were under uniform denosumab administration protocol in diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) treatment and were closely monitored for 18 months. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the beneficial effects of denosumab in DSO treatment as well as pain relief and the significant lack of long-term use due to poorer outcomes after repeated use. DSO of the jaw is a poorly understood rare chronic disease the treatment of which is still very challenging despite a rapid development of medicine. Different medical treatments have been proposed without any significant long-lasting success. Bisphosphonates have offered substantial clinical benefit in DSO therapy, but due to harmful pharmacodynamic properties, denosumab therapy has been used to replace bisphosphonate therapy. Patients had a reduction in pain intensity with each subsequent application of denosumab but with less success than the first administration of denosumab. This case report has shown that denosumab could be a promising conservative treatment option for pain treatment in patients suffering from DSO.

Background: General anesthesia is a well-documented therapeutic option for the provision of dental treatment, particularly in patients with special healthcare needs and uncooperative pediatric patients.

Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the characteristics of dental general anesthesia (DGA) procedures for uncooperative patients of all ages in a tertiary healthcare facility, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, in Zagreb, Croatia.

Material and methods: The hospital records for the patients treated for various dental reasons under GA were obtained at the Clinical Hospital Dubrava in Zagreb, Croatia.

Results: Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 810 DGA procedures were performed including 607 patients. The median age was 18 years. Almost half of the patients referred to undergo DGA procedures were from the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County, 27.8% (N=225) and 21.0% (N=170), respectively. More than 90% of patients undergoing DGA procedures were referred with 1 to 3 medical conditions. 47.9% of patients had 1 to 3 dental conditions, of which caries was the most common condition (95.7%). The mean waiting time (±SD) was 113.06 (±62.62) days. 90 patients (14.8%) were referred for dental procedures under GA more than once, accounting for 203 procedures (25.1%).

Conclusions: DGA remains a single dental treatment option for specific individuals. There is an institutional and, also, an organizational need to address the long waiting times and high repeated DGA rates.

Objectives: Estimating age is a crucial determinant of forensic science. Various methods have been used to estimate dental age (DA) and skeletal age (SA).The aim of the current study was to compare the Cameriere's DA method with the Cameriere's SA method in estimating CA in children.

Materials and methods: A total of 216 radiographs of 130 females and 86 males (between 9 to 14.99 years of age) were evaluated in northwestern Turkey. DA was calculated on the panoramic images using Cameriere's open-apex method. SA was determined on the lateral cephalograms using the fourth cervical vertebrae method by Cameriere. The DA, SA, and CA data were compared using a paired t-test and Wilcoxon test.

Results: The mean CA of all groups was calculated as 12.96±0.30, the mean DA of 12.74±0.68 and the mean SA of 12.89±0.89. In males, the DA method presented an underestimation between ages of 14.00 and 14.99 (p<0.05) and an overestimation between ages 9.00 and 11.99 (p<0.05). In females, the DA method showed an underestimation in the 13.00- and 14.99-year-old age groups (p<0.05) and an overestimation in the 10.00- and 11.99-year-old age groups (p<0.05). The SA method revealed a significant underestimation in females between the ages of 13.00 and 14.99 and in males between the ages of 14.00 and 14.99 (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The SA estimation method may provide more accurate results compared to the DA method with children of both sexes aged between 9.00 to 12.99 in the determination of CA.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence has been applied in various fields throughout history, but its integration into daily life is more recent. The first applications of AI were primarily in academia and government research institutions, but as technology has advanced, AI has also been applied in industry, commerce, medicine and dentistry.

Objective: Considering that the possibilities of applying artificial intelligence are developing rapidly and that this field is one of the areas with the greatest increase in the number of newly published articles, the aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the literature and to give an insight into the possibilities of applying artificial intelligence in medicine and dentistry. In addition, the aim was to discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion: The possibilities of applying artificial intelligence to medicine and dentistry are just being discovered. Artificial intelligence will greatly contribute to developments in medicine and dentistry, as it is a tool that enables development and progress, especially in terms of personalized healthcare that will lead to much better treatment outcomes.

This paper evaluates how the July 2005 London terrorist attacks affected Muslim teenagers' education plans and decisions. The attacks triggered a violent backslash against the Muslim community, which could have affected their incentives to continue in full-time education. I examine panel data on educational attitudes from the "Next Steps" Survey in England and use the month the survey was administered to divide individuals into treatment and control groups. I find that the attacks negatively affected the education plans of Muslims, but not those of any other major religious group. The probability of planning to continue in non-compulsory full-time education decreased by around 4.4% points for Muslims after the attacks. This corresponds to a 69% increase in individuals who were not sure whether to continue or drop out of full-time education. However, this change in plans appears to be a temporary reaction, since it did not affect students' actual decisions two years later.

Objective: This study evaluated in vitro, the effects of carbamide peroxide 10% (CP) associated with Carbopol® (CP-ct) and Aristoflex® (CP-at) thickeners on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cytotoxicity and assessed in situ their effects on dental enamel.

Material and methods: The cytotoxicity was analyzed using MTT - Vybrant® proliferation test. For in situ stage, 144 bovine enamel/dentin blocks were randomized into seven groups (n=12). Samples were stained, fixed in intraoral palatal devices and bleached for 4 h, during 14 days, with: Carbopol thickener (ct), Aristoflex thickener (at), CP-ct, CP-at, CP without thickener (CP-wot), Commercial CP (CP-com). The samples had their microhardness (SMH), roughness (Ra) and color analyzed using a microdurometer, a rugosimeter and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The analyses were performed at baseline and 24-h after completion of tooth bleaching.

Results: Different thickeners were similar regarding their cytotoxicity. The experimental gels with Carbopol exhibited lower SMH values, while the groups treated with CP exhibited higher Ra values. For the color change results, the groups treated with CP had values above the acceptability and perceptibility limits.

Conclusion: CP-at was able to promote an effective bleaching with less alterations of the tooth surface compared to the CP-ct. Hence, Aristoflex stands as a promising thickener in conjunction with CP in order to preserve the physical properties of dental enamel after home bleaching.

The article presents a case of a young female patient who sought help due to myofascial pain followed by a sudden occlusal change (anterior open bite (AOB)) that occurred shortly after the administration of a soft night guard that had been previously provided by a general dentist. Palpation of the masseter and temporal muscles elicited the presence of familiar pain. After magnetic resonance imaging of temporomandibular joints, which ruled out disc displacement, the final diagnosis was myalgia. Since the patient had myalgia and malocclusion, the therapy included treatment of both conditions. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) management included a combination of kinesiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and a stabilization splint. After TMD symptoms had resolved, the patient underwent an orthodontic evaluation. Cephalometric analysis revealed skeletal class II, retrognathic face, convex profile, and normal vertical growth pattern. Orthodontic treatment included a fixed appliance with vertical intermaxillary elastics. After 19 months of treatment, both sides achieved acceptable occlusion with Class I. Since the patient had myalgia and severe malocclusion, it was important to follow a systematic diagnostic and therapeutic workflow. Although it is impossible to establish a relationship between TMD symptoms and orthodontic therapy, patients who have TMD symptoms should have their pain resolved through a conservative treatment protocol before commencement of orthodontic treatment. The beginning of orthodontic therapy comes into consideration only when the TMD pain resolves.