Background Periodontitis is a high prevalence disease, affecting up to 80% of the world's population. Recently studies have shown a connection between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, as oxidative stress plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 - related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the core transcriptional regulator of endogenous antioxidant system and plays a cellular defense role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune response. Objective To explore Nrf2/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway in periodontitis or periodontitis complicated with atherosclerosis. Method With "Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2), Periodontitis, Atherosclerosis, Oxidative Stress" as the search terms, the authors searched related articles published during 2016-2021 in PubMed, CNKI, Science Direct and other databases by computer, and made the following review through screening, induction and summary. Result & Conclusion Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway is one of the important mechanisms connecting chronic periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Nrf2 can slow down the occurrence and development of periodontitis by promoting osteoblast differentiation, inhibiting osteoclast activation, regulating mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, inhibition of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway may increase the risk of periodontitis with atherosclerosis by destroying the integrity of vascular endothelium, increasing lipid accumulation and promoting inflammation
{"title":"The Mechanism of Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Periodontitis with Atherosclerosis","authors":"Sunchuri Diwas, Pin-Xin Zhan, Zheng-Rou Wang, Haixia Zheng, Xiangli Chen, Linbei Wu, Wang'ou Lin, Zhu-ling Guo","doi":"10.54730/abm.2021.030610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2021.030610","url":null,"abstract":"Background Periodontitis is a high prevalence disease, affecting up to 80% of the world's population. Recently studies have shown a connection between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, as oxidative stress plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 - related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the core transcriptional regulator of endogenous antioxidant system and plays a cellular defense role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune response. Objective To explore Nrf2/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway in periodontitis or periodontitis complicated with atherosclerosis. Method With \"Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2), Periodontitis, Atherosclerosis, Oxidative Stress\" as the search terms, the authors searched related articles published during 2016-2021 in PubMed, CNKI, Science Direct and other databases by computer, and made the following review through screening, induction and summary. Result & Conclusion Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway is one of the important mechanisms connecting chronic periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Nrf2 can slow down the occurrence and development of periodontitis by promoting osteoblast differentiation, inhibiting osteoclast activation, regulating mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, inhibition of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway may increase the risk of periodontitis with atherosclerosis by destroying the integrity of vascular endothelium, increasing lipid accumulation and promoting inflammation","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79646637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.15
R. Rabah, Farqana Qushnood, G. B. Doddamani
Background: COVID -19 pandemic is the most important public health problem of recent time. Tens and thousands of people have suffered with COVID-19 in last one and half year. Most people who have suffered with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks but majority of patients continue to have varied symptoms after initial recovery. Objective: To assess the prevalence of Post COVID symptoms, to assess requirement of treatment and to make recommendation for Post COVID syndrome care. Methods: Present cross-sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in GIMS Hospital of Kalaburagi district. Mobile numbers of COVID patients were collected from records. Total 100 randomly selected patients were contacted and information regarding post COVID symptoms in between 6 weeks to 12 weeks after recovery from COVID-19 was collected. Result: 87%patients developed one or more post COVID symptoms. Weakness was reported to be most common problem (55%), followed by body ache (26%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as difficulty in concentration and insomnia (22%). Every fifth patient reported that symptoms persisted for more than 1 month. Though most of the respondents classified their symptoms as mild and moderate (52.5% and 37.9% respectively), 47% of the symptomatic patients have to take some treatment for these symptoms. Conclusion: Post COVID symptoms are common but usually less severe. Many of patients required conservative management with medications. Many patients required lot of counselling. Almost one in five patients reported that symptoms persisted for more than one month. The results highlight the need for post COVID care for COVID recovered patients.
{"title":"Post COVID-19 Syndrome- A Long Hauling Journey Ahead","authors":"R. Rabah, Farqana Qushnood, G. B. Doddamani","doi":"10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID -19 pandemic is the most important public health problem of recent time. Tens and thousands of people have suffered with COVID-19 in last one and half year. Most people who have suffered with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks but majority of patients continue to have varied symptoms after initial recovery. Objective: To assess the prevalence of Post COVID symptoms, to assess requirement of treatment and to make recommendation for Post COVID syndrome care. Methods: Present cross-sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in GIMS Hospital of Kalaburagi district. Mobile numbers of COVID patients were collected from records. Total 100 randomly selected patients were contacted and information regarding post COVID symptoms in between 6 weeks to 12 weeks after recovery from COVID-19 was collected. Result: 87%patients developed one or more post COVID symptoms. Weakness was reported to be most common problem (55%), followed by body ache (26%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as difficulty in concentration and insomnia (22%). Every fifth patient reported that symptoms persisted for more than 1 month. Though most of the respondents classified their symptoms as mild and moderate (52.5% and 37.9% respectively), 47% of the symptomatic patients have to take some treatment for these symptoms. Conclusion: Post COVID symptoms are common but usually less severe. Many of patients required conservative management with medications. Many patients required lot of counselling. Almost one in five patients reported that symptoms persisted for more than one month. The results highlight the need for post COVID care for COVID recovered patients.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87633728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.54730/abm.2021.030501
A. D’Errico, C. Giannini, M. Riefolo, P. Cortelli, G. Frascaroli, R. Aspide, Carmine Gallo, G. Cenacchi, L. Gabrielli, T. Lazzarotto, Maria P. Foschini, Viscardo P. Fabbri
{"title":"Brain ischemic injury in COVID-19-infected patients: a series of 10 post-mortem cases","authors":"A. D’Errico, C. Giannini, M. Riefolo, P. Cortelli, G. Frascaroli, R. Aspide, Carmine Gallo, G. Cenacchi, L. Gabrielli, T. Lazzarotto, Maria P. Foschini, Viscardo P. Fabbri","doi":"10.54730/abm.2021.030501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2021.030501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72661764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.54730/abm.2021.030502
Wanli Liu, Musheng Zeng, Shuqin Dai, Xiaohui Yu, Ge Zhang, Songhe Guo, Huilan Li, Shan Xing, Xueping Wang, Yetao Wu, Yu Wang, Yi He
Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-L1) protein on exosomes (exosomal PD-L1) is one of the most promising biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy monitoring. However, current approaches for exosomal PD-L1 detection are poorly sensitive, laborious, and time-consuming. Here, a new method, named Aptamer-RPA-TMA-Cas13a Assay (ARTCA) is established, which enables exosomal PD-L1 to be detected directly in serum with a lower limit of 10 particles mL−1. Mechanistically, using DNA aptamer specifically binding to exosomal PD-L1, the aptamer is amplified twice by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and simultaneously the TMA products are detected in real-time with CRISPR/Cas13a system. Utilizing ARTCA, PD-L1 levels in circulating exosomes seem to be a reliable marker of PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue. The level of circulating exosomal PD-L1 increases significantly in patients with tumor progression. Ultra-trace detection of serum exosomal PD-L1 by ARTCA provides a potentially convenient way for dynamic monitoring of tumor progression for patients undergoing immunotherapy. These results demonstrate the use of CRISPR-Cas13a for protein detection, and circulating exosomal PD-L1 levels seem to be a reliable marker as well as PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, opening up new avenues for monitoring tumor progression.
{"title":"Applying CRISPR/Cas13 to Construct Exosomal PD-L1 Ultrasensitive Biosensors for Dynamic Monitoring of Tumor Progression in Immunotherapy","authors":"Wanli Liu, Musheng Zeng, Shuqin Dai, Xiaohui Yu, Ge Zhang, Songhe Guo, Huilan Li, Shan Xing, Xueping Wang, Yetao Wu, Yu Wang, Yi He","doi":"10.54730/abm.2021.030502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2021.030502","url":null,"abstract":"Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-L1) protein on exosomes (exosomal PD-L1) is one of the most promising biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy monitoring. However, current approaches for exosomal PD-L1 detection are poorly sensitive, laborious, and time-consuming. Here, a new method, named Aptamer-RPA-TMA-Cas13a Assay (ARTCA) is established, which enables exosomal PD-L1 to be detected directly in serum with a lower limit of 10 particles mL−1. Mechanistically, using DNA aptamer specifically binding to exosomal PD-L1, the aptamer is amplified twice by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and simultaneously the TMA products are detected in real-time with CRISPR/Cas13a system. Utilizing ARTCA, PD-L1 levels in circulating exosomes seem to be a reliable marker of PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue. The level of circulating exosomal PD-L1 increases significantly in patients with tumor progression. Ultra-trace detection of serum exosomal PD-L1 by ARTCA provides a potentially convenient way for dynamic monitoring of tumor progression for patients undergoing immunotherapy. These results demonstrate the use of CRISPR-Cas13a for protein detection, and circulating exosomal PD-L1 levels seem to be a reliable marker as well as PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, opening up new avenues for monitoring tumor progression.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75798662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.54730/abm.2021.030503
S. Novello, G. Migliaretti, D. Galetta, F. Tabbò, M. Montrone, A. Alemanni, S. Genestroni, I. Stura, T. Vavalà, R. Buosi, H. S. Soto Parra, A. Lunghi, G. Borra, G. Numico, P. Pizzutilo, A. Mariniello, S. Carnio
Background: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and derived Neutrophils-to-(Leukocytes minus neutrophils) Ratio (dNLR) have been proposed as possible biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) studies, various NLR and/or dNLR cut-offs have been used, manly based on previous reports on melanoma. Methods: In this Italian multicenter retrospective study, NLR, dNLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were longitudinally assessed in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICI. The primary objective was to evaluate if baseline parameters predicted response to ICI, using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Secondary endpoint was to evaluate if dynamic changing of NLR and dNLR also predicted response. Results: Data of 402 patients were collected and analyzed. Among the baseline parameters considered, NLR and dNLR were the most appropriate biomarkers according to the ROC analyses, which also identified meaningful cut-offs (NLR = 2.46; dNLR = 1.61). Patients with low ratios reported a significantly improved outcome, in terms of overall survival (p = 0.0003 for NLR; p = 0.0002 for dNLR) and progression free survival (p = 0.0004 for NLR; p = 0.005 for dNLR). The role of NLR and dNLR as independent biomarkers of response was confirmed in the Cox regression model. When assessing NLR and dNLR dynamics from baseline to cycle 3, a decrease ≥1.04 for NLR and ≥0.41 for dNLR also predicted response. Conclusions in our cohort, we confirmed that NLR and dNLR, easily assessable on peripheral blood, can predict response at baseline and early after ICI initiation. For both baseline and dynamic assessment, we identified clinically meaningful cut-offs, using ROC curves.
{"title":"ROC Analysis Identifies Baseline and Dynamic NLR and dNLR Cut-Offs to Predict ICI Outcome in 402 Advanced NSCLC Patients","authors":"S. Novello, G. Migliaretti, D. Galetta, F. Tabbò, M. Montrone, A. Alemanni, S. Genestroni, I. Stura, T. Vavalà, R. Buosi, H. S. Soto Parra, A. Lunghi, G. Borra, G. Numico, P. Pizzutilo, A. Mariniello, S. Carnio","doi":"10.54730/abm.2021.030503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2021.030503","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and derived Neutrophils-to-(Leukocytes minus neutrophils) Ratio (dNLR) have been proposed as possible biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) studies, various NLR and/or dNLR cut-offs have been used, manly based on previous reports on melanoma. Methods: In this Italian multicenter retrospective study, NLR, dNLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were longitudinally assessed in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICI. The primary objective was to evaluate if baseline parameters predicted response to ICI, using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Secondary endpoint was to evaluate if dynamic changing of NLR and dNLR also predicted response. Results: Data of 402 patients were collected and analyzed. Among the baseline parameters considered, NLR and dNLR were the most appropriate biomarkers according to the ROC analyses, which also identified meaningful cut-offs (NLR = 2.46; dNLR = 1.61). Patients with low ratios reported a significantly improved outcome, in terms of overall survival (p = 0.0003 for NLR; p = 0.0002 for dNLR) and progression free survival (p = 0.0004 for NLR; p = 0.005 for dNLR). The role of NLR and dNLR as independent biomarkers of response was confirmed in the Cox regression model. When assessing NLR and dNLR dynamics from baseline to cycle 3, a decrease ≥1.04 for NLR and ≥0.41 for dNLR also predicted response. Conclusions in our cohort, we confirmed that NLR and dNLR, easily assessable on peripheral blood, can predict response at baseline and early after ICI initiation. For both baseline and dynamic assessment, we identified clinically meaningful cut-offs, using ROC curves.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86066824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.13
Azon-Kouanou Angèle, Wanvoégbè Armand Finagnon, Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme Mahoutin Sèmassa Ghislain Missiho, Yves Morel Sokadjo, F. Géoffroy, Assogba Houénoudé Mickaël Arnaud, Murhula Katabana Delphin, Mukwege Bimji Lisa, O. Richard, Eugénie Dansou, D. Zannou, F. Houngbé
COVID-19 has been noticed in Benin since March 2020. Various measures have been put in place to curb the epidemic. The objective of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and perception of patients at the CNHU-HKM about COVID-19. This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes. Data were collected from July 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021. The participants were included in the outpatient clinic of the specialized medical services of the CNHU-HKM. They answered to questions related to their knowledge and perception about COVID-19. Data analysis was done with R 4.1.0 software. A total of 353 respondents were included in the study. The sex ratio was 0.81. The mean age was 48.9±16.8 [10; 92] years. The residence was in urban places for 91.5% of them. The level of education was at least high school in 82.2% of the cases. The agent responsible for COVID-19 and the mode of transmission were not known, respectively, by 31.7% and 89.2% of the participants. Barrier measures were known by 46.2%, while clinical manifestations were known by 89.0%. Only the level of education was associated with knowledge of COVID-19 (p<0.001). Findings revealed that good knowledge of the pandemic was related to the level of education. A readjustment of communication strategies towards less educated groups would be recommended.
{"title":"Knowledge, Perception and Attitude of Patients at CNHU-HKM of Cotonou About COVID-19","authors":"Azon-Kouanou Angèle, Wanvoégbè Armand Finagnon, Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme Mahoutin Sèmassa Ghislain Missiho, Yves Morel Sokadjo, F. Géoffroy, Assogba Houénoudé Mickaël Arnaud, Murhula Katabana Delphin, Mukwege Bimji Lisa, O. Richard, Eugénie Dansou, D. Zannou, F. Houngbé","doi":"10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.13","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has been noticed in Benin since March 2020. Various measures have been put in place to curb the epidemic. The objective of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and perception of patients at the CNHU-HKM about COVID-19. This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes. Data were collected from July 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021. The participants were included in the outpatient clinic of the specialized medical services of the CNHU-HKM. They answered to questions related to their knowledge and perception about COVID-19. Data analysis was done with R 4.1.0 software. A total of 353 respondents were included in the study. The sex ratio was 0.81. The mean age was 48.9±16.8 [10; 92] years. The residence was in urban places for 91.5% of them. The level of education was at least high school in 82.2% of the cases. The agent responsible for COVID-19 and the mode of transmission were not known, respectively, by 31.7% and 89.2% of the participants. Barrier measures were known by 46.2%, while clinical manifestations were known by 89.0%. Only the level of education was associated with knowledge of COVID-19 (p<0.001). Findings revealed that good knowledge of the pandemic was related to the level of education. A readjustment of communication strategies towards less educated groups would be recommended.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81650514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.12
Azon-Kouanou Angèle, A. Anthelme, Wanvoégbè Armand Finagnon, Missiho Mahoutin Sèmassa Ghislain, Sokadjo Yves Morel, F. Géoffroy, Assogba Houénoudé Mickaël Arnaud, Mukwege Binji Lisa, Murhula Katabana Delphin, O. Richard, Dansou Eugénie, Z. Marcel, Houngbé Fabien
The first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed in BENIN in early March 2020. Measures have been instituted to control its spread, including barrier measures. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of self-application of these measures among hospital staff at CNHU-HKM. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted from July 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021 on the risk factors of COVID-19 contamination. Included were any CNHU-HKM staff who underwent PCR testing for COVID-19 at the CNHU-HKM triage center during the study period. Data were collected using a survey form administered to respondents. Data analysis was performed with R 4.1.0 software. Results: A total of 141 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 35.5 (±11.1) years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.87. Fon and Mina ethnic groups were the most represented (74.5%). Workers older than 50 years were more likely to be exposed to COVID-19 (OR=4.83). Nurses in contact with patients (87.2% of the study population) had a higher risk of contamination (OR=3.6), compared to administrative staff. The FFP2 mask was a protective factor (OR=0.35) as well as long-term chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine (OR=0.44). Conclusion: Health care workers are at high risk of contamination by COVID-19. Barrier measures and chloroquine chemoprophylaxis are indeed mandatory in controlling the spread of the pandemic.
{"title":"COVID-19 Contamination in Hospital Staff: Determinism, Epidemiological Features","authors":"Azon-Kouanou Angèle, A. Anthelme, Wanvoégbè Armand Finagnon, Missiho Mahoutin Sèmassa Ghislain, Sokadjo Yves Morel, F. Géoffroy, Assogba Houénoudé Mickaël Arnaud, Mukwege Binji Lisa, Murhula Katabana Delphin, O. Richard, Dansou Eugénie, Z. Marcel, Houngbé Fabien","doi":"10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJIM.20210905.12","url":null,"abstract":"The first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed in BENIN in early March 2020. Measures have been instituted to control its spread, including barrier measures. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of self-application of these measures among hospital staff at CNHU-HKM. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted from July 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021 on the risk factors of COVID-19 contamination. Included were any CNHU-HKM staff who underwent PCR testing for COVID-19 at the CNHU-HKM triage center during the study period. Data were collected using a survey form administered to respondents. Data analysis was performed with R 4.1.0 software. Results: A total of 141 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 35.5 (±11.1) years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.87. Fon and Mina ethnic groups were the most represented (74.5%). Workers older than 50 years were more likely to be exposed to COVID-19 (OR=4.83). Nurses in contact with patients (87.2% of the study population) had a higher risk of contamination (OR=3.6), compared to administrative staff. The FFP2 mask was a protective factor (OR=0.35) as well as long-term chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine (OR=0.44). Conclusion: Health care workers are at high risk of contamination by COVID-19. Barrier measures and chloroquine chemoprophylaxis are indeed mandatory in controlling the spread of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73560332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the remarkable technological advances in coronary angiography (CA)/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, the contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is always an important cause of hospital-acquired AKI. Most local CI-AKI studies in Vietnam had small sample sizes and short-term follow-up of only 24-48 hours following CA or PCI intervention, resulting in controversial conclusions. We conducted a study of the incidence of CI-AKI during a longer follow-up time period and associated risk factors among adult patients undergoing CA/ PCI at Nguyen Tri Phuong University Public Hospital and Tam Duc Private Cardiology Center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between January 2014 and March 2015. All 320 patients with CA/PCI at the two hospitals were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Information on demographic data, treatment, and laboratory test results was collected from the patients’ records. The total cumulative incidence of CI-AKI at 24, 48, 72 and ≥72 hours following CA/PCI was 6.7%, 12%, 14% and 16.9% respectively. Prognostic factors for CI-AKI included an increase by 1 ml/min/1,73m² in clearance creatinine before the intervention (P = 0.006, Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.970, 95%CI 0.949 – 0.991) and an increase by 1% in ejection fraction (P = 0.023, HR = 0.984, 95%CI 0.970 – 0.998). Delayed CI-AKI was not rare after CA/PCI intervention. Therefore, it is pivotal to monitor serum creatinine in a longer time after the intervention to timely detect CI-AKI. Also, information on risk factors such as emergency interventions, chronic kidney disease, and ejection fraction < 45% could assist in predicting CI-AKI development.
{"title":"Radiocontrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Van Bui Pham, Quang Dung Nguyen, Nghia Huynh Thi Nguyen, Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen, Thanh Liem Vo, Minh Cuong Duong","doi":"10.54730/abm.2021.030402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2021.030402","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the remarkable technological advances in coronary angiography (CA)/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, the contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is always an important cause of hospital-acquired AKI. Most local CI-AKI studies in Vietnam had small sample sizes and short-term follow-up of only 24-48 hours following CA or PCI intervention, resulting in controversial conclusions. We conducted a study of the incidence of CI-AKI during a longer follow-up time period and associated risk factors among adult patients undergoing CA/ PCI at Nguyen Tri Phuong University Public Hospital and Tam Duc Private Cardiology Center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between January 2014 and March 2015. All 320 patients with CA/PCI at the two hospitals were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Information on demographic data, treatment, and laboratory test results was collected from the patients’ records. The total cumulative incidence of CI-AKI at 24, 48, 72 and ≥72 hours following CA/PCI was 6.7%, 12%, 14% and 16.9% respectively. Prognostic factors for CI-AKI included an increase by 1 ml/min/1,73m² in clearance creatinine before the intervention (P = 0.006, Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.970, 95%CI 0.949 – 0.991) and an increase by 1% in ejection fraction (P = 0.023, HR = 0.984, 95%CI 0.970 – 0.998). Delayed CI-AKI was not rare after CA/PCI intervention. Therefore, it is pivotal to monitor serum creatinine in a longer time after the intervention to timely detect CI-AKI. Also, information on risk factors such as emergency interventions, chronic kidney disease, and ejection fraction < 45% could assist in predicting CI-AKI development.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78594640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.54730/abm.2021.030304
Noor Sameh Darwich, Shamsuddin Chowdhry Pracha, Natalie Ann Miller
The most common provoking factors for chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation include viral and bacterial tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, and exposure to environmental irritants and air pollution. In many patients with COPD exacerbation, the underlying cause cannot be identified. In general, patients with COPD exacerbation get admitted to the hospital and treated with antibiotics, glucocorticoids and inhaled bronchodilators. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is an under-recognized provoking factor for COPD exacerbation. Patients with advanced COPD often have impaired coordination of respiration and deglutition which can lead to aspiration of liquids, food particles, and saliva into the airways. Aspiration events can lead to exacerbation of symptoms and cause further decline in lung function. We described a 69-year-old male with a history of COPD who presented with progressive dyspnea, productive cough and hypoxia which required intubation and mechanical ventilation. The patient underwent a bronchoscopy for airway inspection which showed pieces of meat in the right main bronchus which were removed. Reportedly, the patient was having difficulty swallowing solid food prior to admission to the hospital.
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