Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.54730/abm.2022.040302
Gudisa Bereda
Wound debridement is defined as the removal of foreign material and dead contaminated tissue from (or adjacent to) a traumatic or infected lesion to expose healthy tissue and removal of foreign material that has become embedded in the wound. The main reason for debriding a wound is to avoid substratum for bacterial growth, ongoing inflammation, and leukocyte infiltration with delayed progression to the proliferative and remodelling phases of wound healing, compromised restoration of the structure and function of the skin, odor management issues, and other negative effects. The objective of operative debridement is to remove all hyperkeratotic tissue (ie, callus), necrotic tissue, functionally abnormal senescent cells, and infected tissue, all of which inhibit wound healing. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot recommended the application of sharp/surgical debridement in preference to other techniques such as topical debridement agents (i.e., autolytic dressing or biological debridement) because it is the least expensive, fastest method of wound bed preparation and is available in all geographic areas.
{"title":"DEBRIDEMENT IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER","authors":"Gudisa Bereda","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040302","url":null,"abstract":"Wound debridement is defined as the removal of foreign material and dead contaminated tissue from (or adjacent to) a traumatic or infected lesion to expose healthy tissue and removal of foreign material that has become embedded in the wound. The main reason for debriding a wound is to avoid substratum for bacterial growth, ongoing inflammation, and leukocyte infiltration with delayed progression to the proliferative and remodelling phases of wound healing, compromised restoration of the structure and function of the skin, odor management issues, and other negative effects. The objective of operative debridement is to remove all hyperkeratotic tissue (ie, callus), necrotic tissue, functionally abnormal senescent cells, and infected tissue, all of which inhibit wound healing. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot recommended the application of sharp/surgical debridement in preference to other techniques such as topical debridement agents (i.e., autolytic dressing or biological debridement) because it is the least expensive, fastest method of wound bed preparation and is available in all geographic areas.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84696198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.54730/abm.2022.040301
Milad Kheirvari, Hamidreza Goudarzi, Mahsa Hemmatizadeh, Taha Anbara
Background and Aims: Bariatric surgery is one of the efficient methods for losing weight in morbidly obese cases and it is associated with a risk of presenting some complications following bariatric surgery which depend on nutritional deficiencies. The main aim of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative micronutrient deficiencies after bariatric surgery in the literatures. Methods: This is a review article that we collected all related articles published recently on bariatric surgery patients that experienced nutritional deficiency. Results: Preoperative monitoring of a combination of several nutritional deficits could be used to identify patients at risk and prevent the onset of deficiency and its consequences after bariatric surgery. Identification and correction of micronutrients deficiencies is essential for treating postoperative complications. Conclusions: To sum up, it is necessary to monitor nutrient status in bariatric surgery patients, which those deficiencies are easily preventable and treatable with proper supplementation and supervised interventions.
{"title":"Malnutrition in Patients Following Bariatric Surgery","authors":"Milad Kheirvari, Hamidreza Goudarzi, Mahsa Hemmatizadeh, Taha Anbara","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040301","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Bariatric surgery is one of the efficient methods for losing weight in morbidly obese cases and it is associated with a risk of presenting some complications following bariatric surgery which depend on nutritional deficiencies. The main aim of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative micronutrient deficiencies after bariatric surgery in the literatures. Methods: This is a review article that we collected all related articles published recently on bariatric surgery patients that experienced nutritional deficiency. Results: Preoperative monitoring of a combination of several nutritional deficits could be used to identify patients at risk and prevent the onset of deficiency and its consequences after bariatric surgery. Identification and correction of micronutrients deficiencies is essential for treating postoperative complications. Conclusions: To sum up, it is necessary to monitor nutrient status in bariatric surgery patients, which those deficiencies are easily preventable and treatable with proper supplementation and supervised interventions.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85941016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most common associated diseases in dialysis patients is anemia. The number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit is reduced in patients that suffer from anemia. These three measurement parameters represent the most important "red part" of the blood count. Due to renal insufficiency, patients on hemodialysis do not have enough erythropoietin, which healthy kidneys excreted, and is necessary for hematopoiesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main regulator of the daily production of red blood cells. EPO that is execrated by peritubular capillary membrane cells in the kidneys circulates within plasma in order to interact with target cells in the bone marrow to maintain or stimulate erythropoiesis. The main purpose of the action of EPO is the formation of erythroid colonies. During observation of differences in the ordination of EPO in each group between men and women, there is no statistical significance evident in the incidence of anemia before and after therapy, as in p=0.70. The target concentration of hemoglobin, which must be constantly maintained in people with chronic renal anemia, is 110-120 g/l, while the target value of the number of red blood cells is 4-5x10 12/l and the hematocrit value is 0.35-4.5 l/l, with a slight outflow depending on the gender of the patient. The final values of the participants in our study treated with epoetin alpha show higher values of hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytes, while the average values recorded in participants treated with darbepoetin decreased.
{"title":"Blood Count Under the Effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) in Patients with Chronic Hemodialysis","authors":"Elvedin Osmanović, Mersiha Cerkezovic, Almir Jagodic","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040210","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common associated diseases in dialysis patients is anemia. The number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit is reduced in patients that suffer from anemia. These three measurement parameters represent the most important \"red part\" of the blood count. Due to renal insufficiency, patients on hemodialysis do not have enough erythropoietin, which healthy kidneys excreted, and is necessary for hematopoiesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main regulator of the daily production of red blood cells. EPO that is execrated by peritubular capillary membrane cells in the kidneys circulates within plasma in order to interact with target cells in the bone marrow to maintain or stimulate erythropoiesis. The main purpose of the action of EPO is the formation of erythroid colonies. During observation of differences in the ordination of EPO in each group between men and women, there is no statistical significance evident in the incidence of anemia before and after therapy, as in p=0.70. The target concentration of hemoglobin, which must be constantly maintained in people with chronic renal anemia, is 110-120 g/l, while the target value of the number of red blood cells is 4-5x10 12/l and the hematocrit value is 0.35-4.5 l/l, with a slight outflow depending on the gender of the patient. The final values of the participants in our study treated with epoetin alpha show higher values of hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytes, while the average values recorded in participants treated with darbepoetin decreased.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85217253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.54730/abm.2022.040202
Waseem F. Al Tameemi, Anas Habeeb Mohammed Matar Al
Background: Liver function derangements have been reported in COVID-19, but reported rates are variable. Treatment in intensive care units (ICU) has become a major challenge; therefore, early recognition of severe and critical cases is absolutely essential for timely triaging of patients. Objectives: to review incidence of acute liver injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients and methods: obtaining clinical records and laboratory results prospectively from one hundred patients with PCR-confirmed or radiography-confirmed COVID-19, who are admitted to the isolation wards and emergency departments of three different hospitals in Baghdad from 1st of December 2020 to 31st of March 2021. Results: The mean age group of study sample was (61.2±12.36) years, males formed 59%. GI manifestations were recorded in 47% of total cases, and were statistically correlated with disease severity (P value 0.001). Wide range of LFT abnormalities are found in patients with COVID-19, but none of which showed statistical significance in relation to disease severity. When LFT results were reviewed in relation to previous comorbidities, GGT was found to be statistically correlated with the underlying CLD (P value 0.001), and ALP with both underlying CLD and DM (P values <0.001 and 0.029, respectively) and even in the absence of underlying comorbidity (P value 0.006). Conclusion: Liver enzyme derangements are increasingly reported in patients with COVID-19, but are not necessarily correlate with disease severity. Cholestatic picture of liver enzyme derangement is a more commonly recorded manifestation.
{"title":"Review of Liver Enzymes Abnormalities in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":"Waseem F. Al Tameemi, Anas Habeeb Mohammed Matar Al","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Liver function derangements have been reported in COVID-19, but reported rates are variable. Treatment in intensive care units (ICU) has become a major challenge; therefore, early recognition of severe and critical cases is absolutely essential for timely triaging of patients. Objectives: to review incidence of acute liver injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients and methods: obtaining clinical records and laboratory results prospectively from one hundred patients with PCR-confirmed or radiography-confirmed COVID-19, who are admitted to the isolation wards and emergency departments of three different hospitals in Baghdad from 1st of December 2020 to 31st of March 2021. Results: The mean age group of study sample was (61.2±12.36) years, males formed 59%. GI manifestations were recorded in 47% of total cases, and were statistically correlated with disease severity (P value 0.001). Wide range of LFT abnormalities are found in patients with COVID-19, but none of which showed statistical significance in relation to disease severity. When LFT results were reviewed in relation to previous comorbidities, GGT was found to be statistically correlated with the underlying CLD (P value 0.001), and ALP with both underlying CLD and DM (P values <0.001 and 0.029, respectively) and even in the absence of underlying comorbidity (P value 0.006). Conclusion: Liver enzyme derangements are increasingly reported in patients with COVID-19, but are not necessarily correlate with disease severity. Cholestatic picture of liver enzyme derangement is a more commonly recorded manifestation.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89827505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.54730/abm.2022.040209
Azon Kouanou Angèle, Wanvoegbè Finagnon Armand, Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme, Saïzonou Saïzonou Franck, Ahmed Adama, A. Adébayo, Dovonou Comlan Albert, Zannou Djimon Marcel, Houngbé Fabien
Systemic inflammatory diseases are characterized by multivisceral involvement at some point in their evolution. This involvement can concern almost all organs, including the heart. Each systemic condition has a unique cardiac expression. The target of this study is to determine the frequency of cardiac involvement in systemic inflammatory diseases. This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study that was conducted within 07 months. The aim was to screen 23 patients followed for systemic inflammatory diseases for cardiac involvement. The mean age was 44 (±12) years old with a minimum of 24 and a maximum 64 years. Most of patients were women with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.09. An echocardiographic abnormality was found in 26.1% of patients and 73.1% had an ECG abnormality. They included left atrial hypertrophy (43.4%), left ventricular hypertrophy (30.4%), right axial deviation (26.1%), low voltage (21.7%), right atrial hypertrophy (8.6%), S1Q3 appearance (8, 6%), pulmonary hypertension (8.6%), repolarization disorders (8.6%), sinus tachycardia (8.6%), middle tricuspid insufficiency (4.3%), middle pulmonary insufficiency (4.3%), and pericarditis (4.3%). Patients with systemic inflammatory diseases had cardiac disorders with rare clinical manifestations but with an incidental discovery either on ECG or on cardiac echodoppler. Hence, a systematic cardiac exploration in these patients was essential.
{"title":"Cardiac Diseases During Systemic Inflammatory Diseases in the Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology Department of NTHC-HKM of Cotonou","authors":"Azon Kouanou Angèle, Wanvoegbè Finagnon Armand, Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme, Saïzonou Saïzonou Franck, Ahmed Adama, A. Adébayo, Dovonou Comlan Albert, Zannou Djimon Marcel, Houngbé Fabien","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040209","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic inflammatory diseases are characterized by multivisceral involvement at some point in their evolution. This involvement can concern almost all organs, including the heart. Each systemic condition has a unique cardiac expression. The target of this study is to determine the frequency of cardiac involvement in systemic inflammatory diseases. This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study that was conducted within 07 months. The aim was to screen 23 patients followed for systemic inflammatory diseases for cardiac involvement. The mean age was 44 (±12) years old with a minimum of 24 and a maximum 64 years. Most of patients were women with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.09. An echocardiographic abnormality was found in 26.1% of patients and 73.1% had an ECG abnormality. They included left atrial hypertrophy (43.4%), left ventricular hypertrophy (30.4%), right axial deviation (26.1%), low voltage (21.7%), right atrial hypertrophy (8.6%), S1Q3 appearance (8, 6%), pulmonary hypertension (8.6%), repolarization disorders (8.6%), sinus tachycardia (8.6%), middle tricuspid insufficiency (4.3%), middle pulmonary insufficiency (4.3%), and pericarditis (4.3%). Patients with systemic inflammatory diseases had cardiac disorders with rare clinical manifestations but with an incidental discovery either on ECG or on cardiac echodoppler. Hence, a systematic cardiac exploration in these patients was essential.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73714913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.54730/abm.2022.040208
Venkata Subhash Gorrepati, Djibril M. Ba, Guodong Liu, J. Levenick, T. Mcgarrity
Female sex hormonal supplementation had been shown to be protective against Colorectal cancer (CRC). Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare X lined chromosomal disorder associated with sex hormonal deficiency. Hence, we hypothesized that that females with TS would be at an increased risk of CRC. From the Truven Health Marketscan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, female patients who had colonoscopy with TS were compared to aged matched to controls. For these patients we obtained demographic variables, risk factors (diabetes, morbid obesity, smoking, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins) and endoscopic results (adenoma and cancer detection) from the database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the cancer detection rates in both groups. Of the 7,77,36,681 patients of age 35 or older in the database 3265 had TS. Of those 546 (17%) patients had a colonoscopy that was reported. These patients were compared to 1059 age matched controls. Prevalence of diabetes (14.3 vs 8.4, P<0.001), and smoking (2.6 vs 0.9, p=0.01) was higher in patients with TS. Cancer detection rate was higher in patients with TS (1.1% vs 0.2%, p=0.01). After adjustment for the above variables, patients with TS have an adjusted odds ratio of 9.5 for CRC at any colonoscopy (95% CI 1.7-52.8, p =0.008). Hence, we concluded that in the studied cohort of TS patients there was a higher colorectal cancer detection rate at any colonoscopy when compared to their age matched female counterparts. TS patients represent a ‘disparity group’ who warrant enhanced CRC screening.
女性性激素补充已被证明可预防结直肠癌(CRC)。特纳综合征(TS)是一种罕见的与性激素缺乏相关的X线染色体疾病。因此，我们假设患有TS的女性患CRC的风险会增加。从Truven Health Marketscan商业声明和遭遇数据库中，将结肠镜检查伴有TS的女性患者与对照组的年龄相比较。对于这些患者，我们从数据库中获得了人口统计学变量、危险因素(糖尿病、病态肥胖、吸烟、使用非甾体抗炎药和他汀类药物)和内窥镜结果(腺瘤和癌症检测)。采用多因素logistic回归分析比较两组患者的癌症检出率。在数据库中的777,36,681例年龄在35岁或以上的患者中，3265例患有TS，其中546例(17%)患者报告进行了结肠镜检查。将这些患者与1059名年龄匹配的对照组进行比较。TS患者糖尿病患病率(14.3 vs 8.4, P<0.001)、吸烟患病率(2.6 vs 0.9, P =0.01)高于TS患者，肿瘤检出率(1.1% vs 0.2%， P =0.01)高于TS患者。在对上述变量进行校正后，TS患者在任何结肠镜检查中CRC的校正优势比为9.5 (95% CI 1.7-52.8, p =0.008)。因此，我们得出结论，在研究的TS患者队列中，与年龄匹配的女性患者相比，任何结肠镜检查的结直肠癌检出率都更高。TS患者是一个“差异组”，需要加强CRC筛查。
{"title":"Increased Colorectal Cancer Rate in Turner Syndrome: A Case Control Study","authors":"Venkata Subhash Gorrepati, Djibril M. Ba, Guodong Liu, J. Levenick, T. Mcgarrity","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040208","url":null,"abstract":"Female sex hormonal supplementation had been shown to be protective against Colorectal cancer (CRC). Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare X lined chromosomal disorder associated with sex hormonal deficiency. Hence, we hypothesized that that females with TS would be at an increased risk of CRC. From the Truven Health Marketscan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, female patients who had colonoscopy with TS were compared to aged matched to controls. For these patients we obtained demographic variables, risk factors (diabetes, morbid obesity, smoking, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins) and endoscopic results (adenoma and cancer detection) from the database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the cancer detection rates in both groups. Of the 7,77,36,681 patients of age 35 or older in the database 3265 had TS. Of those 546 (17%) patients had a colonoscopy that was reported. These patients were compared to 1059 age matched controls. Prevalence of diabetes (14.3 vs 8.4, P<0.001), and smoking (2.6 vs 0.9, p=0.01) was higher in patients with TS. Cancer detection rate was higher in patients with TS (1.1% vs 0.2%, p=0.01). After adjustment for the above variables, patients with TS have an adjusted odds ratio of 9.5 for CRC at any colonoscopy (95% CI 1.7-52.8, p =0.008). Hence, we concluded that in the studied cohort of TS patients there was a higher colorectal cancer detection rate at any colonoscopy when compared to their age matched female counterparts. TS patients represent a ‘disparity group’ who warrant enhanced CRC screening.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.54730/abm.2022.040102
A. Hébraud, G. Schlatter, J. Goetz, S. Harlepp, S. Bégin-Colin, D. Mertz
The blossoming development of nanomaterials and polymer science has opened the way toward new biocompatible scaffolds responding remotely to external stimuli (magnetic field, light, electric field). Such smart scaffolds are envisioned as new implantable tissues displaying multiple therapeutic and imaging functionalities. They hold great promises to achieve a controlled delivery of therapeutics for various diseases, or to ensure a stimuli-induced cellular response for bone, cardiac, or muscle tissue engineering.
{"title":"Nanocomposite Polymer Scaffolds Responding under External Stimuli for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Applications","authors":"A. Hébraud, G. Schlatter, J. Goetz, S. Harlepp, S. Bégin-Colin, D. Mertz","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040102","url":null,"abstract":"The blossoming development of nanomaterials and polymer science has opened the way toward new biocompatible scaffolds responding remotely to external stimuli (magnetic field, light, electric field). Such smart scaffolds are envisioned as new implantable tissues displaying multiple therapeutic and imaging functionalities. They hold great promises to achieve a controlled delivery of therapeutics for various diseases, or to ensure a stimuli-induced cellular response for bone, cardiac, or muscle tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89088024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.54730/abm.2022.040105
Michelle G. K. Tan, Mitchell K. P. Lai, Paul T. Francis, C. Ballard, Chingli Lee, Frances T. W. Lim, Jasinda H. Lee, Clara Y. B. Low
Cumulative data suggest the involvement of Fyn tyrosine kinase in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our group has shown increased immunoreactivities of the FynT isoform in AD neocortex (with no change in the alternatively spliced FynB isoform) which associated with neurofibrillary degeneration and reac-tive astrogliosis. Since both the aforementioned neuropathological features are also variably found in Lewy Body dementias (LBD), we investigated potential perturbations of Fyn expression in the post-mortem neocortex of patients with AD, as well as those diagnosed as having one of the two main subgroups of LBD: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We found selective upregulation of FynT expression in AD, PDD, and DLB which also correlated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, increased FynT expression correlated with hallmark neuropathological lesions, soluble β-amyloid, and phosphorylated tau, as well as markers of microglia and as-trocyte activation. In line with the human post-mortem studies, cortical FynT expression in aged mice transgenic for human P301S tau was upregulated and further correlated with accumulation of aggregated phosphorylated tau as well as with microglial and astrocytic markers. Our findings provide further evi-dence for the involvement of FynT in neurodegenerative dementias, likely via effects on tauopathy and neuroinflammation.
{"title":"Isoform-specific upregulation of FynT kinase expression is associated with tauopathy and glial activation in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias","authors":"Michelle G. K. Tan, Mitchell K. P. Lai, Paul T. Francis, C. Ballard, Chingli Lee, Frances T. W. Lim, Jasinda H. Lee, Clara Y. B. Low","doi":"10.54730/abm.2022.040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54730/abm.2022.040105","url":null,"abstract":"Cumulative data suggest the involvement of Fyn tyrosine kinase in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our group has shown increased immunoreactivities of the FynT isoform in AD neocortex (with no change in the alternatively spliced FynB isoform) which associated with neurofibrillary degeneration and reac-tive astrogliosis. Since both the aforementioned neuropathological features are also variably found in Lewy Body dementias (LBD), we investigated potential perturbations of Fyn expression in the post-mortem neocortex of patients with AD, as well as those diagnosed as having one of the two main subgroups of LBD: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We found selective upregulation of FynT expression in AD, PDD, and DLB which also correlated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, increased FynT expression correlated with hallmark neuropathological lesions, soluble β-amyloid, and phosphorylated tau, as well as markers of microglia and as-trocyte activation. In line with the human post-mortem studies, cortical FynT expression in aged mice transgenic for human P301S tau was upregulated and further correlated with accumulation of aggregated phosphorylated tau as well as with microglial and astrocytic markers. Our findings provide further evi-dence for the involvement of FynT in neurodegenerative dementias, likely via effects on tauopathy and neuroinflammation.","PeriodicalId":7179,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81154319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.54730/abm.2021.030603
Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin, Khandaker Atkia Fariha
The first detected COVID-19 virus in China in late December 2019, has now spread to over 200 countries and territories across the globe. As it is a novel virus, in course of time, new symptoms and new complexities in patients have arisen, which demand immediate attention. This ambiguous, fast mutating nature and strain variations of SARS CoV2 have hindered the way of vaccine development. However, recognizing this new virus as a member of coronavidae family and its similarity with previously prevailed SARS-Cov virus has advantages in order for its further characterization and identification of the route of entry. Hence, this review aims at providing an overview of the viral entry pathway and explaining the reasons behind the vulnerability of an individual based on his/her age, sex, weight, other existing diseases and genetic make-up. It will also try to explicate various newly emerged symptoms of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokinin storm theory. Furthermore, it summarizes all the therapeutic strategies based on preventing virus entry, some of which are already developed or under trial or yet confined in theory using currently published literature, scientific reports and research articles about SARS-CoV2. This review will help better understand the COVID-19 complicacies with latest concepts on therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV2.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.54730/abm.2021.030601
Heri Sutrisno Prijopranoto, Albert William Hotomo
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by a new strain of coronavirus. Older individuals and people with comorbidities have a higher risk to develop more severe illness. COVID-19 survivors will have active immunity in conjunction with increase of SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) titer 2-weeks after the symptoms onset and will be lasted until 12-weeks. Therefore, it will give protection against reinfection of COVID-19. This study reports a case of COVID-19 rapid reinfection in sixty-year-old man with diabetes mellitus. Case illustration: a sixty-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fever accompanied by cough, runny nose, malaise, and metallic taste since one day before admission to hospital. There was a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19 infection 35-days before hospital admission without any symptoms. The current physical examinations demonstrated a mild dyspnea with oxygen saturation 97%, and diffuse rhonchi at the right area of chest auscultation. Chest X-ray discovered a multiple consolidation of the right lung, with suspicion of viral pneumonia. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 205 mg/dl, and 2-hour postprandial glucose was 508 mg/dl. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of SARS-CoV-2 via nasopharyngeal swab was taken and the result was positive. COVID-19 Ab titers IgM and IgG were 0.18 U/ml and 0.43 U/ml (<0.8 U/ml → non-reactive), respectively. The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 reinfection and DM. The patient was treated with convalescent plasma, antivirus, antibiotics, insulin, steroid, anticoagulant, and other symptomatic medications. As the results, a well improvement of his clinical condition and the increase of Ab COVID-19 IgM and IgG evaluation test after convalescent plasma administration, 0.28 AU/ml and 17.67 AU/ml, respectively, were recorded. Summary: Researches revealed that DM might cause the specific immunity system dysfunction and the low production of antibody. This study found that poor blood-glucose control with a low Ab of SARS-CoV-2 production might induce this patient to have a COVID-19 reinfection. Advance immunological study about the correlation between DM and COVID-19 is very essential in the management of COVID-19 patients with DM.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是一种由新型冠状病毒引起的传染病。老年人和患有并发症风险较高发展更严重的疾病。COVID-19幸存者在症状出现2周后将具有主动免疫，同时SARS-CoV-2抗体(Ab)滴度增加，并将持续到12周。因此，它将提供防止COVID-19再次感染的保护。本研究报告1例60岁男性糖尿病患者COVID-19快速再感染。病例说明:一名六十岁男性，入院前一日以发热伴咳嗽、流鼻水、不适及金属味就诊于急诊科。入院前35 d有糖尿病(DM)和COVID-19感染未控制史，无症状。目前的体格检查显示轻度呼吸困难，氧饱和度97%，胸部听诊右侧弥漫性隆气。胸部x光发现了多个合并肺,病毒性肺炎的怀疑。空腹血糖(FBG) 205 mg/dl，餐后2小时血糖508 mg/dl。采用鼻咽拭子对SARS-CoV-2进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测，结果为阳性。COVID-19 Ab浓度IgM和免疫球蛋白0.18 U /毫升和0.43 U /毫升(< 0.8 U /毫升→无电抗),分别。病人被诊断为COVID-19再感染和DM病人康复的等离子体处理,抗病毒、抗生素、胰岛素,类固醇,抗凝和其他症状的药物。作为结果,改善他的临床条件和Ab COVID-19 IgM的增加和免疫球蛋白鉴定试验后恢复期的等离子体管理、0.28 AU /毫升和17.67 AU / ml,分别记录。摘要:研究表明，糖尿病可能导致特异性免疫系统功能障碍和抗体产生低下。本研究发现，血糖控制不佳且SARS-CoV-2产生的Ab值较低可能导致该患者再次感染COVID-19。糖尿病和COVID-19推进免疫学研究之间的关系是非常重要的在COVID-19 DM患者的管理。
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