Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.33552/ajgh.2021.02.000549
G. Monif
(MAP) could be so challenged to abort mycobacterium replication that its inherent immune system became fixed within immunological memory. Owing to the loss of immunological tolerance, every time the baby’s immune system encountered MAP. it would again respond by elaborating pro-inflammatory cytokines directed at MAP at its points of mucosal attachment to the gastrointestinal mucosa and its antigen processing. A major factor complicating attempts to construct meaningful comparative therapeutic groups for clinical trials is the degree to which the gastrointestinal microbiota has
{"title":"Crohn’s Disease: A Curable Disease Held Hostage?","authors":"G. Monif","doi":"10.33552/ajgh.2021.02.000549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ajgh.2021.02.000549","url":null,"abstract":"(MAP) could be so challenged to abort mycobacterium replication that its inherent immune system became fixed within immunological memory. Owing to the loss of immunological tolerance, every time the baby’s immune system encountered MAP. it would again respond by elaborating pro-inflammatory cytokines directed at MAP at its points of mucosal attachment to the gastrointestinal mucosa and its antigen processing. A major factor complicating attempts to construct meaningful comparative therapeutic groups for clinical trials is the degree to which the gastrointestinal microbiota has","PeriodicalId":72038,"journal":{"name":"Academic journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69448625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.33552/ajgh.2019.01.000514
R. Palmqvist
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and has a considerable impact on both the individual and the health care system. The majority of patients with CRC have their initial consultation in primary care [1]. However, the symptoms of CRC often present late. In addition, a vast majority of patients seeking primary care for symptoms associated with CRC (rectal bleeding, a change in bowel habits, diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain) are not diagnosed with CRC [2-4]. Therefore, general screening programs among individuals at average risk for CRC, along with guidelines for urgent referral, are implemented widely to reduce mortality of the disease [5,6]. However, there is still a need for improved screening strategies for CRC [4,7,3]. The recommended “gold standard” screening tool for CRC today is endoscopic examination, such as sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, but such examinations are resource-demanding, highly costly and inconvenient for the patients [8-11]. The most important factor in screening is patient adherence, and therefore annual faecal occult blood tests have been suggested as an alternative to endoscopy in CRC screening [7]. Analysis of faecal haemoglobin (F-Hb) using either guaiac-based (gFOBT) tests or, more recently, immunological (FIT) tests [12] is commonly used as a primary screening tool, since it requires no preparation, is cost-effective, and relatively convenient for the patient [13]. A positive F-Hb test is an indication of bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which could be caused *Corresponding author: Richard Palmqvist, Department of Medical Biosciences/ Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden. Received Date: September 12, 2019 Published Date: September 17, 2019 Scientific Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Open Access
结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大最常诊断的癌症，对个人和医疗保健系统都有相当大的影响。大多数结直肠癌患者在初级保健机构进行首次咨询。然而，结直肠癌的症状往往出现较晚。此外，绝大多数因CRC相关症状(直肠出血、排便习惯改变、腹泻、便秘和腹痛)而寻求初级保健的患者未被诊断为CRC[2-4]。因此，在CRC平均风险人群中进行一般筛查计划，以及紧急转诊指南，被广泛实施，以降低该疾病的死亡率[5,6]。然而，仍然需要改进CRC的筛查策略[4,7,3]。目前推荐的CRC筛查“金标准”是内镜检查，如乙状结肠镜或结肠镜检查，但此类检查资源消耗大，费用高，对患者不方便[8-11]。筛查中最重要的因素是患者的依从性，因此建议每年进行粪便隐血检查作为CRC筛查中内镜检查的替代方法。使用愈创木(ggfbt)试验或最近的免疫(FIT)试验分析粪便血红蛋白(F-Hb)[12]通常被用作主要筛查工具，因为它不需要制备，具有成本效益，并且对患者[13]相对方便。F-Hb检测阳性是胃肠道出血的指示，这可能导致*通讯作者:Richard Palmqvist，瑞典尤梅夫大学医学生物科学/病理学系。发表日期:2019年9月17日science Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology开放获取
{"title":"The Combined Value of Faecal Haemoglobin and Calprotectin in Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in Symptomatic Patients Referred to Colonoscopy","authors":"R. Palmqvist","doi":"10.33552/ajgh.2019.01.000514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ajgh.2019.01.000514","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and has a considerable impact on both the individual and the health care system. The majority of patients with CRC have their initial consultation in primary care [1]. However, the symptoms of CRC often present late. In addition, a vast majority of patients seeking primary care for symptoms associated with CRC (rectal bleeding, a change in bowel habits, diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain) are not diagnosed with CRC [2-4]. Therefore, general screening programs among individuals at average risk for CRC, along with guidelines for urgent referral, are implemented widely to reduce mortality of the disease [5,6]. However, there is still a need for improved screening strategies for CRC [4,7,3]. The recommended “gold standard” screening tool for CRC today is endoscopic examination, such as sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, but such examinations are resource-demanding, highly costly and inconvenient for the patients [8-11]. The most important factor in screening is patient adherence, and therefore annual faecal occult blood tests have been suggested as an alternative to endoscopy in CRC screening [7]. Analysis of faecal haemoglobin (F-Hb) using either guaiac-based (gFOBT) tests or, more recently, immunological (FIT) tests [12] is commonly used as a primary screening tool, since it requires no preparation, is cost-effective, and relatively convenient for the patient [13]. A positive F-Hb test is an indication of bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which could be caused *Corresponding author: Richard Palmqvist, Department of Medical Biosciences/ Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden. Received Date: September 12, 2019 Published Date: September 17, 2019 Scientific Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Open Access","PeriodicalId":72038,"journal":{"name":"Academic journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69448609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-13DOI: 10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000505
G. Koek
Non-alcohol fatty liver disease is not only a liver disease but also an important driver in a metabolic disease entity that effects many extrahepatic organs. It is attributing to the development and aggravation of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The change to a hypercaloric, sedentary, lifestyle is the basis of this fast-growing problem. It diagnostic and therapeutic approach is far beyond the liver disease and needs a multidisciplinary, multifactorial approach starting with awareness.
{"title":"Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease Goes Beyond the Liver","authors":"G. Koek","doi":"10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000505","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcohol fatty liver disease is not only a liver disease but also an important driver in a metabolic disease entity that effects many extrahepatic organs. It is attributing to the development and aggravation of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The change to a hypercaloric, sedentary, lifestyle is the basis of this fast-growing problem. It diagnostic and therapeutic approach is far beyond the liver disease and needs a multidisciplinary, multifactorial approach starting with awareness.","PeriodicalId":72038,"journal":{"name":"Academic journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44736692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-16DOI: 10.33552/ajgh.2018.01.000504
Matthew T. F. Lamaudière, I. Morozov
A healthy gut microbial community is essential for homeostasis in mammals. A symbiotic relationship between host and microbe is essential in developing the immune system, providing biomolecules and generating energy through utilisation of indigestible compounds. The diversity of the gut microbiota is altered following antibiotic treatments, the effect this has on the health and wellbeing of the host has long been underestimated and is now the subject of intense debate. Antibiotics facilitate the selection of energy harvesting microbes within the gut and hence heavily influence the gaining of weight and may be contributing more than we anticipated to the modern obesity epidemic. These changes to the bacterial composition of the gut, dysbiosis are caused by elevated oxygen levels within the gut that promotes the propagation of facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria, a condition associated with inflammation and cancer. Additionally, the altered oxygenated intestinal climate allows the growth of aerobic pathogens, conveying clinically relevant resistance genes on highly transmissible mobile elements between communities or acquiring them from commensal bacteria, in turn aiding the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here we discuss the indirect pleotropic effects antibiotics have on the microbial community and environment of the gut leading to hidden adverse implications to human health.
{"title":"Microbiota of the Gut: Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis and the Adverse Effects on Human Health","authors":"Matthew T. F. Lamaudière, I. Morozov","doi":"10.33552/ajgh.2018.01.000504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ajgh.2018.01.000504","url":null,"abstract":"A healthy gut microbial community is essential for homeostasis in mammals. A symbiotic relationship between host and microbe is essential in developing the immune system, providing biomolecules and generating energy through utilisation of indigestible compounds. The diversity of the gut microbiota is altered following antibiotic treatments, the effect this has on the health and wellbeing of the host has long been underestimated and is now the subject of intense debate. Antibiotics facilitate the selection of energy harvesting microbes within the gut and hence heavily influence the gaining of weight and may be contributing more than we anticipated to the modern obesity epidemic. These changes to the bacterial composition of the gut, dysbiosis are caused by elevated oxygen levels within the gut that promotes the propagation of facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria, a condition associated with inflammation and cancer. Additionally, the altered oxygenated intestinal climate allows the growth of aerobic pathogens, conveying clinically relevant resistance genes on highly transmissible mobile elements between communities or acquiring them from commensal bacteria, in turn aiding the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here we discuss the indirect pleotropic effects antibiotics have on the microbial community and environment of the gut leading to hidden adverse implications to human health.","PeriodicalId":72038,"journal":{"name":"Academic journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000503
I. Machado
Hepatitis B and C viruses, although in their genomic structure are very different, share several characteristics. Both can induce acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and progression to cirrhosis having oncogenic capacity related to the development of hepatocellular cancer, both are associated with systemic autoimmune manifestations and, both B virus (genome DNA) and C virus (genome RNA) have the ability to avoid immune response of the infected host [1,2].
{"title":"Viral Hepatitis B and C Need to be Approached as A Major Public Health Problem in Latin America","authors":"I. Machado","doi":"10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000503","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B and C viruses, although in their genomic structure are very different, share several characteristics. Both can induce acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and progression to cirrhosis having oncogenic capacity related to the development of hepatocellular cancer, both are associated with systemic autoimmune manifestations and, both B virus (genome DNA) and C virus (genome RNA) have the ability to avoid immune response of the infected host [1,2].","PeriodicalId":72038,"journal":{"name":"Academic journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-04DOI: 10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000502
M. Tavares, Camilla De Lima, V. Martinelli, M. Lucena, Francisco Lima, A. Telles, L. Brandão
Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of illnesses whose primary manifestation is inflammation. The most common typical phenotypes are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Although the precise etiology remains obscure, several reports have indicated that dysfunction of the mucosal immune system play an important role in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to analyzing the genes polymorphisms of immune response in Brazilian patients with IBD. Methods and results: 95 patients were analyzed for the caspase activation and recruitment domains 15/ NOD like receptor 2 (CARD15/NOD2) (rs2066844 and rs2066845), NOD like receptor – (NLRP1) (rs12150220), NLRP3 (rs35829419) and interleukin (IL)-1 (rs16944) genes polymorphisms. The anatomic-clinical form of CD predominant was both, fistulizing and inflammatory each (35.18%), followed by structuring (27.77%) and 1.85% structuring and fistulizing in the same patients. 91 healthy subjects composed the control group. The statistical analysis was performed using R program. NOD like receptor pyrin domain containing 1 and 3 and caspase activation and recruitment domains 15/ NOD like receptor 2 genes R702W and G908R variants were not associated to inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility. We found that AG genotype of interleukin-1beta was associated with the development of UC. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the IL-1 single nucleotide polymorphism is involved with UC and may be contributing to pathogenesis in Brazilian population.
{"title":"The Interleukin-1β (-511T/C) is Associated with Ulcerative Colitis","authors":"M. Tavares, Camilla De Lima, V. Martinelli, M. Lucena, Francisco Lima, A. Telles, L. Brandão","doi":"10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000502","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of illnesses whose primary manifestation is inflammation. The most common typical phenotypes are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Although the precise etiology remains obscure, several reports have indicated that dysfunction of the mucosal immune system play an important role in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to analyzing the genes polymorphisms of immune response in Brazilian patients with IBD. Methods and results: 95 patients were analyzed for the caspase activation and recruitment domains 15/ NOD like receptor 2 (CARD15/NOD2) (rs2066844 and rs2066845), NOD like receptor – (NLRP1) (rs12150220), NLRP3 (rs35829419) and interleukin (IL)-1 (rs16944) genes polymorphisms. The anatomic-clinical form of CD predominant was both, fistulizing and inflammatory each (35.18%), followed by structuring (27.77%) and 1.85% structuring and fistulizing in the same patients. 91 healthy subjects composed the control group. The statistical analysis was performed using R program. NOD like receptor pyrin domain containing 1 and 3 and caspase activation and recruitment domains 15/ NOD like receptor 2 genes R702W and G908R variants were not associated to inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility. We found that AG genotype of interleukin-1beta was associated with the development of UC. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the IL-1 single nucleotide polymorphism is involved with UC and may be contributing to pathogenesis in Brazilian population.","PeriodicalId":72038,"journal":{"name":"Academic journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-27DOI: 10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000501
Long Gao
Hepatic cancer is a malignant tumor that begins in the cells of the liver. The leading cause is a viral infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the most common form of hepatic cancer. It is the fastest-growing cause of cancer deaths in the United States. HCC is also found to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. To understand the gene expression regulation during HCC development, scientists have identified a few related transcription factors (TFs) and characterize their roles such as E2F1[1], Foxm1b [2] and hepatic nuclear factors [3]. However, these findings still cannot fully explain the underlying molecular mechanism during liver tumorigenesis. It is necessary to systematically study the global gene regulatory network (GRN) during HCC development.
{"title":"Understanding the Integrated Gene Regulatory Networks for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Long Gao","doi":"10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/AJGH.2018.01.000501","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatic cancer is a malignant tumor that begins in the cells of the liver. The leading cause is a viral infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the most common form of hepatic cancer. It is the fastest-growing cause of cancer deaths in the United States. HCC is also found to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. To understand the gene expression regulation during HCC development, scientists have identified a few related transcription factors (TFs) and characterize their roles such as E2F1[1], Foxm1b [2] and hepatic nuclear factors [3]. However, these findings still cannot fully explain the underlying molecular mechanism during liver tumorigenesis. It is necessary to systematically study the global gene regulatory network (GRN) during HCC development.","PeriodicalId":72038,"journal":{"name":"Academic journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48960520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：