Pub Date : 2022-06-18DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020026
F. Intorre, M. Foddai, E. Venneria
The objective of the present research was to evaluate if and to what extent the encounter between different cultures in a context of globalization may have influenced the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in adolescents. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired about anthropometric data, demographic information and both dietary and lifestyle habits. The KIDMED questionnaire was used to evaluate the adherence to the MD. A total of 103 respondents, aged 10–24 years (39.8% born in Italy or first-generation immigrants from Mediterranean countries) were included in the study. The results showed the highest percentage of adolescents having a medium adherence to the MD (44.7%), without differences according to geographical area of origin. Furthermore, the study proved that a higher adherence to the MD was significantly associated with daily breakfast (p = 0.008) and the consumption of fruit and vegetables (p = 0.002 and p = 0.000, respectively). Volunteers representing some of the different cultures and geographical proveniences currently present in Italy were perfectly integrated regarding diet and lifestyle, aspects considered in this study. Our investigation suggests the existence of incorrect dietary habits. It is certainly necessary to implement public health policies targeting adolescents to promote healthier lifestyle choices; the nutritional patterns of the MD should be among these choices.
{"title":"Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Adolescents of Different Cultures and Geographical Proveniences: A Pilot Study","authors":"F. Intorre, M. Foddai, E. Venneria","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020026","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present research was to evaluate if and to what extent the encounter between different cultures in a context of globalization may have influenced the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in adolescents. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired about anthropometric data, demographic information and both dietary and lifestyle habits. The KIDMED questionnaire was used to evaluate the adherence to the MD. A total of 103 respondents, aged 10–24 years (39.8% born in Italy or first-generation immigrants from Mediterranean countries) were included in the study. The results showed the highest percentage of adolescents having a medium adherence to the MD (44.7%), without differences according to geographical area of origin. Furthermore, the study proved that a higher adherence to the MD was significantly associated with daily breakfast (p = 0.008) and the consumption of fruit and vegetables (p = 0.002 and p = 0.000, respectively). Volunteers representing some of the different cultures and geographical proveniences currently present in Italy were perfectly integrated regarding diet and lifestyle, aspects considered in this study. Our investigation suggests the existence of incorrect dietary habits. It is certainly necessary to implement public health policies targeting adolescents to promote healthier lifestyle choices; the nutritional patterns of the MD should be among these choices.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020025
Mi-jin Kim, Jin-Hee Park, Sung-Eun Kim
This study aimed to identify the level of stress in teenagers from multicultural families in Korea and examine the factors influencing this stress. This cross-sectional study utilized the 15th (2019) Korea Youth Risk Bsehavior Web-based Survey. Of the 57,303 survey participants, 749 reported that their father, mother, or both parents were born outside of Korea. These 749 multicultural individuals were selected as study participants. We examined general characteristics (sex, grade, parental education level, academic performance level, foreign nationality, residence type, economic status, exposure to violence, and frequency of physical activity), health risk behaviors (sexual activity, drug use, and drinking), and mental health factors (sleep, depression, and presence of suicidal thoughts) to determine whether these factors may contribute to multicultural adolescent stress. Multicultural adolescents who reported insufficient sleep, depression, or suicidal thoughts were more likely to experience stress than those who did not report these factors. Moreover, participants with insufficient sleep were 3.73 times more likely to feel stress than those with good sleep. Among general characteristics, health risk behaviors, and mental health factors, mental health factors were observed to significantly predict an increase in multicultural adolescents’ stress levels. Considering the increase in the number of multicultural adolescents in Korea, it is important to address the difficulties they experience to provide appropriate interventional programs. Such programs should include techniques to help with the management of stress.
{"title":"Stress Factors in Multicultural Adolescents","authors":"Mi-jin Kim, Jin-Hee Park, Sung-Eun Kim","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020025","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify the level of stress in teenagers from multicultural families in Korea and examine the factors influencing this stress. This cross-sectional study utilized the 15th (2019) Korea Youth Risk Bsehavior Web-based Survey. Of the 57,303 survey participants, 749 reported that their father, mother, or both parents were born outside of Korea. These 749 multicultural individuals were selected as study participants. We examined general characteristics (sex, grade, parental education level, academic performance level, foreign nationality, residence type, economic status, exposure to violence, and frequency of physical activity), health risk behaviors (sexual activity, drug use, and drinking), and mental health factors (sleep, depression, and presence of suicidal thoughts) to determine whether these factors may contribute to multicultural adolescent stress. Multicultural adolescents who reported insufficient sleep, depression, or suicidal thoughts were more likely to experience stress than those who did not report these factors. Moreover, participants with insufficient sleep were 3.73 times more likely to feel stress than those with good sleep. Among general characteristics, health risk behaviors, and mental health factors, mental health factors were observed to significantly predict an increase in multicultural adolescents’ stress levels. Considering the increase in the number of multicultural adolescents in Korea, it is important to address the difficulties they experience to provide appropriate interventional programs. Such programs should include techniques to help with the management of stress.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46864761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020023
Yue Tan
An increasing number of parents and scholars have begun expecting schools and the government to share the responsibility of reducing the potential negative effects of SNS use among adolescents. This study examines how the public understands the risks that adolescents face, as well as the causes and solutions, and how news media influence not only the public’s risk perceptions but also their policy preference for public interventions. Drawing on framing and attribution theories, this study used two datasets. First, the content analysis data explore Taiwanese news media’s coverage of youths’ online behaviors and how the media has framed the question “Who is responsible for adolescents’ risky and opportunity behaviors?” Second, the public opinion survey data addresses the influence of news consumption on the public perception of the risks facing adolescent Facebook users, the public’s attribution of related responsibilities to various stakeholders, and the public’s evaluation of parental mediation and government regulations.
{"title":"Public Understanding of Adolescents’ Risks on Facebook in Taiwan","authors":"Yue Tan","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020023","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of parents and scholars have begun expecting schools and the government to share the responsibility of reducing the potential negative effects of SNS use among adolescents. This study examines how the public understands the risks that adolescents face, as well as the causes and solutions, and how news media influence not only the public’s risk perceptions but also their policy preference for public interventions. Drawing on framing and attribution theories, this study used two datasets. First, the content analysis data explore Taiwanese news media’s coverage of youths’ online behaviors and how the media has framed the question “Who is responsible for adolescents’ risky and opportunity behaviors?” Second, the public opinion survey data addresses the influence of news consumption on the public perception of the risks facing adolescent Facebook users, the public’s attribution of related responsibilities to various stakeholders, and the public’s evaluation of parental mediation and government regulations.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43043326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020022
Saral Desai, T. Satnarine, P. Singla, Ayushi Mistry, S. Gadiwala, Sejal Patel, B. Das, P. Sharma, M. Telsem, Robert Stuart, Meher Chahal, A. Bakarr, Ya-Ching Hsieh, R. Pathrose, U. Patel, Tapan Parikh, Saurabkumar Patel
Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is a hallmark feature of many psychiatric disorders. We aimed to study the prevalence and predictors of cognitive dysfunction (CD) among U.S. high school students and its association with time spent on digital devices. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey study using YRBSS 2019 data of U.S. high school students in grades 9–12. Cognitive dysfunction was defined by difficulties with remembering, concentrating, and making decisions due to emotional, physical, or mental problems. Digital screen time was described by daily time spent on TV, computers, tablets, and phone. We performed univariate and multivariable survey logistic regression analysis to identify the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and its association with time spent on digital devices. Results: Out of 10,317 total participants, 3914 (37.9%) reported CD. The prevalence of CD was higher in females compared to males (46.0% vs. 29.9%). Compared to participants with no CD, participants with CD reported substance abuse, such as alcohol (35.8% vs. 26.6%), marijuana (28.3% vs. 17.6%), cigarette (8.1% vs. 4.7%), and illicit drugs (18.9% vs. 9.0%) and they reported a higher prevalence (p < 0.0001 for all substances). Participants who felt sad and hopeless (62.8 vs. 22.1%) reported a high prevalence of CD, whereas participants with adequate sleep reported low prevalence (15.7% vs. 25.6%). In a regression, daily video game/internet use for non-work-related activities for 4 h (aOR:1.27; p = 0.03) and ≥5 h (aOR:1.70; p < 0.0001) demonstrated higher odds of CD, compared to participants with no daily use. Female sex, substance use, and depressed mood were additional predictors of CD. Conclusion: The prevalence of CD is high in U.S. high-school students. Female sex, substance abuse, depressed mood, and excessive VG/PC use is associated with high odds of cognitive dysfunction. Further research is needed to explore the complex relationship between screen time and cognitive dysfunction.
认知功能障碍是许多精神疾病的标志性特征。我们的目的是研究美国高中生认知功能障碍(CD)的患病率和预测因素及其与使用数字设备时间的关系。方法:采用YRBSS 2019对美国高中9-12年级学生进行横断面调查研究。认知功能障碍的定义是由于情绪、身体或精神问题导致的记忆、注意力集中和决策困难。数字屏幕时间是指每天花在电视、电脑、平板电脑和手机上的时间。我们进行了单变量和多变量调查逻辑回归分析，以确定认知功能障碍的患病率及其与使用数字设备时间的关系。结果:在10,317名参与者中，3914名(37.9%)报告了CD。女性的CD患病率高于男性(46.0%对29.9%)。与没有CD的参与者相比，患有CD的参与者报告了药物滥用，如酒精(35.8%对26.6%)、大麻(28.3%对17.6%)、香烟(8.1%对4.7%)和非法药物(18.9%对9.0%)，他们报告的患病率更高(所有物质的p < 0.0001)。感到悲伤和绝望的参与者(62.8%对22.1%)报告了高患病率，而睡眠充足的参与者报告了低患病率(15.7%对25.6%)。在回归中，与工作无关的日常视频游戏/互联网使用时间为4小时(aOR:1.27;p = 0.03)和≥5 h (aOR:1.70;p < 0.0001)显示，与不每天使用的参与者相比，CD的几率更高。女性性别、药物使用和抑郁情绪是CD的其他预测因素。结论:CD在美国高中生中的患病率很高。女性性行为、药物滥用、抑郁情绪和过度使用VG/PC与认知功能障碍的高几率相关。需要进一步研究屏幕时间与认知功能障碍之间的复杂关系。
{"title":"Cognitive Dysfunction among U.S. High School Students and Its Association with Time Spent on Digital Devices: A Population-Based Study","authors":"Saral Desai, T. Satnarine, P. Singla, Ayushi Mistry, S. Gadiwala, Sejal Patel, B. Das, P. Sharma, M. Telsem, Robert Stuart, Meher Chahal, A. Bakarr, Ya-Ching Hsieh, R. Pathrose, U. Patel, Tapan Parikh, Saurabkumar Patel","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is a hallmark feature of many psychiatric disorders. We aimed to study the prevalence and predictors of cognitive dysfunction (CD) among U.S. high school students and its association with time spent on digital devices. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey study using YRBSS 2019 data of U.S. high school students in grades 9–12. Cognitive dysfunction was defined by difficulties with remembering, concentrating, and making decisions due to emotional, physical, or mental problems. Digital screen time was described by daily time spent on TV, computers, tablets, and phone. We performed univariate and multivariable survey logistic regression analysis to identify the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and its association with time spent on digital devices. Results: Out of 10,317 total participants, 3914 (37.9%) reported CD. The prevalence of CD was higher in females compared to males (46.0% vs. 29.9%). Compared to participants with no CD, participants with CD reported substance abuse, such as alcohol (35.8% vs. 26.6%), marijuana (28.3% vs. 17.6%), cigarette (8.1% vs. 4.7%), and illicit drugs (18.9% vs. 9.0%) and they reported a higher prevalence (p < 0.0001 for all substances). Participants who felt sad and hopeless (62.8 vs. 22.1%) reported a high prevalence of CD, whereas participants with adequate sleep reported low prevalence (15.7% vs. 25.6%). In a regression, daily video game/internet use for non-work-related activities for 4 h (aOR:1.27; p = 0.03) and ≥5 h (aOR:1.70; p < 0.0001) demonstrated higher odds of CD, compared to participants with no daily use. Female sex, substance use, and depressed mood were additional predictors of CD. Conclusion: The prevalence of CD is high in U.S. high-school students. Female sex, substance abuse, depressed mood, and excessive VG/PC use is associated with high odds of cognitive dysfunction. Further research is needed to explore the complex relationship between screen time and cognitive dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020021
S. Meherali, K. Abdul Rahim, Z. Lassi
The vast majority (90%) of the world’s young people aged 10–24 years live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pakistan has one of the world’s largest populations under 30 years. Adolescents’ access to basic sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, such as family planning and sexuality education, remains low, especially in rural areas such as the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province of Northern Pakistan. This study addressed these gaps by exploring the SRH priorities and health information needs of adolescents living in GB. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with adolescents and healthcare providers. A total of 216 adolescents and 22 healthcare providers completed the survey forms. The findings pointed out that adolescents in GB have unmet SRH needs and are more interested in learning about SRH, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and sexual abuse. The majority of the participants highlighted that their age, fear of being judged/stigmatized, and society’s attitude toward sex hinder them from opting for SRH services. The majority of healthcare providers reported that they are not well-equipped to tackle SRH-related issues and require training to better serve the adolescent SRH needs. The findings from this study have highlighted that there is a need to formulate robust interventions and strategies to raise knowledge and awareness about SRH needs among adolescents.
{"title":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs and Priorities of the Adolescents in Northern Pakistan: A Formative Evaluation","authors":"S. Meherali, K. Abdul Rahim, Z. Lassi","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020021","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority (90%) of the world’s young people aged 10–24 years live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pakistan has one of the world’s largest populations under 30 years. Adolescents’ access to basic sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, such as family planning and sexuality education, remains low, especially in rural areas such as the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province of Northern Pakistan. This study addressed these gaps by exploring the SRH priorities and health information needs of adolescents living in GB. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with adolescents and healthcare providers. A total of 216 adolescents and 22 healthcare providers completed the survey forms. The findings pointed out that adolescents in GB have unmet SRH needs and are more interested in learning about SRH, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and sexual abuse. The majority of the participants highlighted that their age, fear of being judged/stigmatized, and society’s attitude toward sex hinder them from opting for SRH services. The majority of healthcare providers reported that they are not well-equipped to tackle SRH-related issues and require training to better serve the adolescent SRH needs. The findings from this study have highlighted that there is a need to formulate robust interventions and strategies to raise knowledge and awareness about SRH needs among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020019
R. S. Levine, A. Bintliff, A. Raj
Cyberbullying victimization (CV), a widespread experience in adolescence, is associated with increased depression and suicidality. However, few studies have taken a gender approach when investigating the association between CV and suicidality, despite research that indicates disparate experiences by gender for both CV and mental health. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 10,309; 50.1% girls), a cross-sectional survey drawn from a representative sample of US high school students. We found that CV remained significantly associated with suicidality after controlling for emotional and behavioral risk factors, for both boys and girls. CV increased the odds of suicidality directly and indirectly by increasing risk for depression, for both boys and girls. Boys contending with both CV and sexual violence were particularly vulnerable to suicidality, and binge drinking was positively associated with CV for girls but negatively associated with CV for boys. Findings confirmed that CV is a pervasive issue among U.S. adolescents. A gendered approach is necessary in order to understand and address the effects of CV.
{"title":"Gendered Analysis of Cyberbullying Victimization and Its Associations with Suicidality: Findings from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey","authors":"R. S. Levine, A. Bintliff, A. Raj","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020019","url":null,"abstract":"Cyberbullying victimization (CV), a widespread experience in adolescence, is associated with increased depression and suicidality. However, few studies have taken a gender approach when investigating the association between CV and suicidality, despite research that indicates disparate experiences by gender for both CV and mental health. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 10,309; 50.1% girls), a cross-sectional survey drawn from a representative sample of US high school students. We found that CV remained significantly associated with suicidality after controlling for emotional and behavioral risk factors, for both boys and girls. CV increased the odds of suicidality directly and indirectly by increasing risk for depression, for both boys and girls. Boys contending with both CV and sexual violence were particularly vulnerable to suicidality, and binge drinking was positively associated with CV for girls but negatively associated with CV for boys. Findings confirmed that CV is a pervasive issue among U.S. adolescents. A gendered approach is necessary in order to understand and address the effects of CV.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46581148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020018
Gyu Bin Lee, David T. Priefer, Ronny Priefer
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine, which generally develops during childhood or adolescence. It affects 2–4 percent of the global population and is more prevalent among girls. Scoliosis is classified by its etiology: idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular. Among these, the former is the most common. Treatment options for scoliosis vary depending on the severity of the curve. Most scoliosis diagnoses tend to be mild and only require monitoring. However, curves between 20 and 40 degrees require bracing, while 40 degrees and above require surgery. There are various bracings available, such as Boston, Charleston, and Milwaukee. In severe cases of scoliosis, either fusion or fusionless surgery may be required. This review aims to discuss etiologies and different treatment interventions for scoliosis.
{"title":"Scoliosis: Causes and Treatments","authors":"Gyu Bin Lee, David T. Priefer, Ronny Priefer","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020018","url":null,"abstract":"Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine, which generally develops during childhood or adolescence. It affects 2–4 percent of the global population and is more prevalent among girls. Scoliosis is classified by its etiology: idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular. Among these, the former is the most common. Treatment options for scoliosis vary depending on the severity of the curve. Most scoliosis diagnoses tend to be mild and only require monitoring. However, curves between 20 and 40 degrees require bracing, while 40 degrees and above require surgery. There are various bracings available, such as Boston, Charleston, and Milwaukee. In severe cases of scoliosis, either fusion or fusionless surgery may be required. This review aims to discuss etiologies and different treatment interventions for scoliosis.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47795348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020017
Sherifath Mama Chabi, N. Fanou-Fogny, Eunice Nago Koukoubou, B. Deforche, W. Van Lippevelde
Adolescence is a period between childhood and adulthood with eating habits often against the nutritional needs of adolescents. The present study used a socio-ecological approach to investigate personal and environmental factors influencing the eating habits of 15- to 19-years old Beninese urban schoolgirls. Eleven focus groups (n = 77) and seven individual interviews were conducted with adolescent girls attending school in Cotonou, Benin. Focus groups were as homogeneous as possible regarding age group and school character. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive-deductive thematic method using the socio-ecological model. Taste preference for sweet foods, insufficient dietary knowledge and low personal income were factors explaining unhealthy food choices, while higher self-efficacy and healthy outcome expectations mainly characterized their healthy eating habits at the intrapersonal level. Family influence was beneficial for healthy eating while friends’ pressure led to an unhealthy diet at the interpersonal level. At the organizational level, adolescents reported unhealthy school food environments and urban areas increased their unhealthy eating habits. It appears that one factor alone is not enough to influence adolescent girls’ eating habits. Therefore, this study presents the need of elaborating interventions in a school context to improve eating habits in adolescents focusing on different factors in Beninese adolescent schoolgirls.
{"title":"Factors Explaining Adolescent Girls’ Eating Habits in Urban Benin: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Sherifath Mama Chabi, N. Fanou-Fogny, Eunice Nago Koukoubou, B. Deforche, W. Van Lippevelde","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020017","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a period between childhood and adulthood with eating habits often against the nutritional needs of adolescents. The present study used a socio-ecological approach to investigate personal and environmental factors influencing the eating habits of 15- to 19-years old Beninese urban schoolgirls. Eleven focus groups (n = 77) and seven individual interviews were conducted with adolescent girls attending school in Cotonou, Benin. Focus groups were as homogeneous as possible regarding age group and school character. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive-deductive thematic method using the socio-ecological model. Taste preference for sweet foods, insufficient dietary knowledge and low personal income were factors explaining unhealthy food choices, while higher self-efficacy and healthy outcome expectations mainly characterized their healthy eating habits at the intrapersonal level. Family influence was beneficial for healthy eating while friends’ pressure led to an unhealthy diet at the interpersonal level. At the organizational level, adolescents reported unhealthy school food environments and urban areas increased their unhealthy eating habits. It appears that one factor alone is not enough to influence adolescent girls’ eating habits. Therefore, this study presents the need of elaborating interventions in a school context to improve eating habits in adolescents focusing on different factors in Beninese adolescent schoolgirls.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020016
A. Lai, H. Yao, Mengtong Chen, W. Lau
Background. This study examined the effects of post-traumatic stress symptoms and child–primary caregiver relationships on the ethnic identity of Yi ethnic minority adolescents (n = 550; aged 13–18) in rural China over one school year. The moderating effect of caregivers’ relationships over time and ethnic identity, and post-traumatic stress and ethnic identity, were investigated. Methods. Participants completed two waves of the survey. Longitudinal multilevel modeling was used. Results. (1) Ethnic identity exploration increased over time, while ethnic identity commitment remained stable. (2) Post-traumatic stress symptoms led to high levels of ethnic identity exploration and commitment. (3) Participants with distinct caregivers’ relationship patterns, i.e., secured, optimal, deprived, and disengaged, differed in their ethnic identity exploration scores, but not in ethnic identity commitment. (4) While the secured group scored highest in their ethnic identity development over time, youths who felt disengaged with their caregivers showed the fastest rate of positive change in their ethnic identity exploration. (5) Having a secured caregivers’ relationship weakened the effect of post-traumatic stress on ethnic identity exploration. Conclusion. Practical implications for the meaning of ethnic identity exploration, the promoting effect of caregivers’ relationships, and the negative impact of post-traumatic stress among ethnic minority youths were discussed. Future research directions were also proposed.
{"title":"Ethnic Identity Development, Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, and Relationships with Primary Caregivers: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study among Yi Ethnic Minority Youths in Rural China School Settings","authors":"A. Lai, H. Yao, Mengtong Chen, W. Lau","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020016","url":null,"abstract":"Background. This study examined the effects of post-traumatic stress symptoms and child–primary caregiver relationships on the ethnic identity of Yi ethnic minority adolescents (n = 550; aged 13–18) in rural China over one school year. The moderating effect of caregivers’ relationships over time and ethnic identity, and post-traumatic stress and ethnic identity, were investigated. Methods. Participants completed two waves of the survey. Longitudinal multilevel modeling was used. Results. (1) Ethnic identity exploration increased over time, while ethnic identity commitment remained stable. (2) Post-traumatic stress symptoms led to high levels of ethnic identity exploration and commitment. (3) Participants with distinct caregivers’ relationship patterns, i.e., secured, optimal, deprived, and disengaged, differed in their ethnic identity exploration scores, but not in ethnic identity commitment. (4) While the secured group scored highest in their ethnic identity development over time, youths who felt disengaged with their caregivers showed the fastest rate of positive change in their ethnic identity exploration. (5) Having a secured caregivers’ relationship weakened the effect of post-traumatic stress on ethnic identity exploration. Conclusion. Practical implications for the meaning of ethnic identity exploration, the promoting effect of caregivers’ relationships, and the negative impact of post-traumatic stress among ethnic minority youths were discussed. Future research directions were also proposed.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2020014
P. Memiah, Monica Lathan-Dye, Y. Opanga, S. Muhula, N. Gitahi-Kamau, A. Kamau, Lillian Otiso
Young people (YP), defined as individuals aged between 10 and 24 years, are a vulnerable population. Leveraging digital platforms to reach YP is essential in identifying protective and risk behaviors among this population. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the user-inclusive development process of a theory-based digital platform to reach YP, (2) describe aspects of the digital application prototype, and (3) provide preliminary findings from the utilization of the app. We present the five-step design process for building the app. The app, known as the REACH-AYA survey, consisted of 98 closed-ended questions with built-in skip-logic algorithms and took approximately 7 min to complete. The survey questions centered on behavioral, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors, which were adopted from different validated instruments, thereby addressing 10 different domains. During the pilot phase, participants utilized the app, critiqued its features, and provided iterative feedback. We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit participants in Nairobi, Kenya, the leading county in high-speed data connectivity. Once recruited, each participant completed the survey and later sent it to their peers until the desired sample size was achieved. The REACH-AYA app prototype was guided and developed by the design thinking approach with an initial pilot sample of 33 YP for pre-testing. The end-user pre-testing assessed for functionality, time, and adaptability. The app was then launched initially through social media, reaching 1101 YP, with approximately eighty percent (n = 887) having completed the survey by the close of the study. The majority of the participants were male (59%), and approximately (69%) of the participants were aged between 15 and 24 years. This is one of the few studies that demonstrate user-centric methodologies of app development and real-life application in identifying protective and risk factors for the wellbeing of YP. Methodologies and lessons learned from this research may benefit other disciplines using digital technology to reach YP or other difficult-to-reach populations.
{"title":"Highlighting a Digital Platform to Assess Young People Needs: Reaching and Engaging Adolescents and Young Adults for Care Continuum in Health Project (REACH)","authors":"P. Memiah, Monica Lathan-Dye, Y. Opanga, S. Muhula, N. Gitahi-Kamau, A. Kamau, Lillian Otiso","doi":"10.3390/adolescents2020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2020014","url":null,"abstract":"Young people (YP), defined as individuals aged between 10 and 24 years, are a vulnerable population. Leveraging digital platforms to reach YP is essential in identifying protective and risk behaviors among this population. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the user-inclusive development process of a theory-based digital platform to reach YP, (2) describe aspects of the digital application prototype, and (3) provide preliminary findings from the utilization of the app. We present the five-step design process for building the app. The app, known as the REACH-AYA survey, consisted of 98 closed-ended questions with built-in skip-logic algorithms and took approximately 7 min to complete. The survey questions centered on behavioral, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors, which were adopted from different validated instruments, thereby addressing 10 different domains. During the pilot phase, participants utilized the app, critiqued its features, and provided iterative feedback. We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit participants in Nairobi, Kenya, the leading county in high-speed data connectivity. Once recruited, each participant completed the survey and later sent it to their peers until the desired sample size was achieved. The REACH-AYA app prototype was guided and developed by the design thinking approach with an initial pilot sample of 33 YP for pre-testing. The end-user pre-testing assessed for functionality, time, and adaptability. The app was then launched initially through social media, reaching 1101 YP, with approximately eighty percent (n = 887) having completed the survey by the close of the study. The majority of the participants were male (59%), and approximately (69%) of the participants were aged between 15 and 24 years. This is one of the few studies that demonstrate user-centric methodologies of app development and real-life application in identifying protective and risk factors for the wellbeing of YP. Methodologies and lessons learned from this research may benefit other disciplines using digital technology to reach YP or other difficult-to-reach populations.","PeriodicalId":72070,"journal":{"name":"Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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