Advances in biomarker sciences and technology最新文献

Chronic disease is an irregular change inside or outside of the tissues and organs that results in accumulation, local damage, and inflammation or irritation. Suaeda aegyptiaca (S. aegyptiaca) is a plant that has been used for a long time for the treatment of human diseases. Therefore, the aim of this present research study is to prepare various plant extracts and screen their antioxidant activity spectroscopically, and later on to isolate antioxidant biomarkers from the significantly highest active crude extract of the aerial parts of S. aegyptiaca. To attain the present objectives, different crude extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of S. aegyptiaca by using a maceration method. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the prepared aerial crude extracts of S. aegyptiaca were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and brine shrimp lethality (BSL) methods, respectively. All the prepared aerial crude extracts of the particular plant at six different concentrations showed significant antioxidant activity against the DPPH. The ethyl acetate crude extract showed the highest antioxidant activity, and the lowest activity was in the butanol extract. However, all the aerial crude extracts of S. aegyptiaca were prepared at different concentrations did not show any activity against the BSL method. Based on the antioxidant activity results, the ethyl acetate extract was selected for the isolation of antioxidant compounds. The extract was purified using column chromatography by using different solvent ratios. A series of test tubes were collected with a volume of 3 mL and depending on the similar retention mobility (R_f) behavior, a total of twelve fractions were prepared. Similarly, the antioxidant activity of the obtained twelve fractions from column chromatography was determined by the same DPPH method. All the fractions showed significant antioxidant activity. Among the fractions from the column, fraction 6 gave the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest was fraction 1. In conclusion, all the aerial extracts showed promising activities against DPPH and the fraction with the highest antioxidant activity could be used as natural antioxidant biomarkers to prevent cell damage.

The recent global pandemic has highlighted an increase in the prevalence of communicable diseases caused by pathogens. The swift transmission of these diseases within a short timeframe presents a substantial risk to public health worldwide. The inefficiency of traditional diagnostic instruments, which need a time-consuming and complex process in the laboratory, is a significant obstacle to medical care. Currently, there is a high need for the advancement of early detection in order to rapidly diagnose infectious diseases and provide on-site results. This is crucial for prompt and early intervention to improve treatment outcomes. This also provides rapid testing and high-quality microbiological detection, comparable to laboratory standards, in a matter of minutes. Prompt diagnosis and subsequent treatment optimization aid in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Currently, ongoing techniques and methods are used in the advancements of early detection through biosensors. This review examines the integration of early diagnostics with biosensors, specifically in relation to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, challenges, and the future perspective.

The aim of the present study was to make a polyherbal formulation of three herbs that would offset the negative effects of the high-fat cafeteria diet on rats and the beneficial effects of exercise. The ingredients for this herbal remedy included a water extract of Garcinia cambogia fruit, Trigonella foenum-graecum seed, and Glycyrrhiza glabra root in a 1:1:1 ratio. Nine groups of six male Wistar albino rats were chosen. Animals in Group I were normal and fed a standard diet; animals in Group II were given HFCD to prevent disease; animals in Group III were given HFCD plus exercise; while animals in Groups IV and V were given PHF at doses of 400 and 200 mg/kg p. o. Daily, respectively, in addition to HFCD; while animals in Groups VI and VII were exercised obese rats prevented from gaining more weight had their serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels lowered. HDL cholesterol was raised. Further, the liver biopsy showed increased mononuclear cells; fat globules numbered less; and the enzymes and cells that are regenerating were at lower levels. The polyherbal formulation plus exercise exhibited significant anti-obesity efficacy at 400 mg/kg p. o.; the effect was equivalent to orlistat plus exercise. The research employed HFCD-induced obese rats as a model to investigate the joint effects of PHF and exercise against obesity.

The use of UCH-L1 detection with point-of-care (POC) assay alone has not been characterized for clinical use. This study compares the accuracies of POC UCH-L1 and Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Elecsys® levels for identifying TBI patients with structural abnormalities on neuroimaging.

The Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Phase 1 Cohort, enrolled 1375 TBI patients (GCS 3–15) presenting to one of 18 US Level I trauma centers within 24 h of injury who had an admission head CT; blood samples were collected, along with 122 orthopedic and 209 healthy controls. The TBI cohort consisted of 810 CT-negative (CT-) and 549 CT-positive (CT+) subjects. Of the CT- subjects who had MRIs, 121 were MRI-positive (MRI+) and 333 were MRI-negative (MRI-). UCH-L1 POC showed best diagnostic performance for CT + versus CT-, 0–8 h post-injury with an AUC of 0·779 [0·708–0.850] when compared to the 0–25 h interval, with an AUC of 0.684 [0.655–0.712]. NSE assay has an AUC of 0.695 [0.619–0.770] for the 0–8 h interval and 0.634 [0.603–0.665] for the 0–25 h interval. During the first 8 after injury, POC UCH-L1 outperforms NSE in identifying TBI patients with structural abnormalities on neuroimaging.

Background

A mutant P53 protein plays such a crucial role in ovarian cancer, and natural compounds have been known to be effective in treating cancer. The current study was conducted to discover new mutant P53 modulators in plants used for medicinal purposes. The mutant p53 3D structure was built using homology modeling, while its active binding domain was predicted using Findsitecom2.0. Docking studies were conducted with ligands derived from bioactive components of seven different plants and mutant p53 binding sites. Autodocking programs, including Discovery Studio and PyRx, were used to obtain the docking protein and its intricate visual representation. Gemcitabine and thiotepa were the reference drugs. Acute RAT toxicity and Pharmacokinetic properties were utilized in Gusar and SWISSADME, respectively, to narrow down the hit compounds to those with the highest binding affinities. Using the density functional theory (DFT) method, the electronic properties of the bioactive constituents were determined. 15 of the 50 bioactive phytochemicals displayed superior mutant p53 binding energies compared to Gemcitabine and Thioteba (−5.4 and −3.5 binding scores, respectively). Considering acute toxicity predictions and pharmacokinetics, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, irinotecan, morusin, and rubitecan were the four major compounds with low toxicity. DFT calculations uncovered regions susceptible to nucleophilic and electrophilic assaults. The study sought to identify potential drug candidates for modulating mutant P53 in ovarian cancer treatment.

The physiologic and irreversible process of ageing is accompanied by a wide range of structural and functional shifts at multiple different levels. It is also suggested that variations in the blood concentrations of metabolites, hormones, and micronutrients may play a role in the ageing process. Recently, Singh et al. ^1,2 investigated a study on Taurine shortage as a driver and biomarker of ageing and its impact on a healthy lifespan.² They further proposed that functional abnormalities in numerous organs associated with age-related illnesses have been linked to early-life Taurine insufficiency. Taurine deficiency in the elderly and the possible benefits of Taurine supplements One of the reasons for decreasing Taurine concentration is the loss of endogenous synthesis, which may contribute to the decrease in Taurine levels seen in the elderly. While it was previously believed that the liver was responsible for most Taurine synthesis in humans, new research suggests that other organs or common intermediates may play a larger role. The authors experimented with and analysed a life-span examination of various organisms, for example, mice to assess the impacts of Taurine supplementation. They also analysed after the administration of oral Taurine supplementation in conjunction with other interventions using multi-omics data sets (RNA sequencing, metabolomics etc.) across different species.