Aging and health research最新文献

英文中文

Tooth loss and physical function among older adults related to race and ethnicity in Hawai‘i: A cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2020 夏威夷老年人的牙齿脱落和身体功能与种族和民族有关：2014年至2020年的横断面研究

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100228

Wei Zhang , Yan Yan Wu , Fran C. Woodworth , Deborah J. Mattheus

Background

Oral health and functional limitations are major health concerns among aging populations in the U.S. and globally. Although the relationship between tooth loss and physical disabilities is well documented, less is known about the role of race and ethnicity in this association. This study examined the association between tooth loss and ADL (activities of daily living) limitations across various racial/ethnic groups in Hawai‘i.

Methods

We examined severe tooth loss and functional limitations in relation to sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, using four waves of data from the Hawaiʻi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected between 2014 and 2020. Weighted Poisson regression was used to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratio of severe tooth loss and functional limitations.

Results

There was a significant association between severe tooth loss and the prevalence of ADL limitations among older adults in Hawai‘i. Notably, this association varied by race/ethnicity: After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, it was stronger among White, Native Hawaiian, and Japanese respondents compared to Filipinos.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the relationship between severe tooth loss and physical decline is differentiated by race/ethnicity, and that socioeconomic variables (including education and income) play a complicated role in the association. Awareness of the unique challenges and inequities faced by older racially/ethnically marginalized populations is critical for policymakers to develop strategies to achieve health equity, which must entail addressing these interrelated health problems and their structural determinants at every level.

口腔健康和功能限制是美国和全球老龄化人口的主要健康问题。虽然牙齿脱落和身体残疾之间的关系有很好的文献记载，但对种族和民族在这种联系中的作用知之甚少。本研究调查了夏威夷不同种族/民族群体中牙齿脱落与日常生活活动限制之间的关系。方法利用2014年至2020年间收集的夏威夷夏威夷行为风险因素监测系统的四波数据，研究了与种族/民族等社会人口因素相关的严重牙齿脱落和功能限制。使用加权泊松回归估计未调整和调整的严重牙齿脱落和功能限制的患病率。结果在夏威夷的老年人中，严重的牙齿脱落和ADL限制的患病率之间存在显著的关联。值得注意的是，这种联系因种族/民族而异：在调整了社会人口统计协变量后，与菲律宾人相比，白人、夏威夷原住民和日本受访者的联系更强。结论这些结果表明，严重牙齿脱落与体质下降之间的关系存在种族/民族差异，社会经济变量（包括教育和收入）在这种关联中起着复杂的作用。对处于种族/族裔边缘地位的老年人口面临的独特挑战和不平等现象的认识，对于决策者制定实现卫生公平的战略至关重要，这必须在各级解决这些相互关联的卫生问题及其结构性决定因素。

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引用次数: 0

Concurrent validity of quantitative upper extremity function tests in Parkinson's disease: 9HPT, MDS-UPDRS, and MAM-36 定量上肢功能测试在帕金森病中的并发效度：9HPT、MDS-UPDRS和MAM-36

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100225

Narges Azari Jafari, Reza Daneshvar Kakhki, Mohammad Shahab Shafaei

引用次数: 0

Clinical profile of heart failure in geriatric patients in a tertiary cardiac hospital of Bangladesh 孟加拉国一家三级心脏医院老年患者心力衰竭的临床分析

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100227

Mahbuba Yesmin , Lutfun Nahar Nizhu , Afroja Alam , Abdullah Al Mamun

This study included 100 geriatric patients admitted at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) in Bangladesh having clinical features of heart failure, possible other information (Framingham Criteria) and increase in natriuretic peptide or echocardiographic findings. It was a single center, cross sectional study. Regarding functional NYHA classification, 14 % presented with class I, 30 % with class II, 35 % presented with class III, 21 % presented with class IV heart failure.

Regarding left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), heart failure (HF) was classified into the following categories: (1) HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) - 19 %; (2) HF with improved EF (HFmpEF) - 13 %; (3) HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF) - 22 % and (4) HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) - 46 % . 23 % of the study population had iron deficiency anemia and about one-third-patient had associated renal failure (AKI/CKD). This study revealed that a significant geriatric population has unrecognized heart failure (HFpEF).

这项研究纳入了孟加拉国国家心血管疾病研究所（NICVD）收治的 100 名老年患者，他们都具有心力衰竭的临床特征，可能还有其他信息（弗雷明汉标准）以及钠尿肽增加或超声心动图检查结果。这是一项单中心横断面研究。关于NYHA功能分级，14%为I级，30%为II级，35%为III级，21%为IV级。关于左心室射血分数（LVEF），心力衰竭（HF）分为以下几类：（1）EF降低的HF（HFrEF）--19%；（2）EF改善的HF（HFmpEF）--13%；（3）EF轻度降低的HF（HFmrEF）--22%；（4）EF保留的HF（HFpEF）--46%。23% 的研究对象患有缺铁性贫血，约三分之一的患者伴有肾功能衰竭（AKI/CKD）。这项研究表明，有相当一部分老年人群患有未被发现的心力衰竭（HFpEF）。

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology 揭示阿尔茨海默病病理生理中维生素缺乏的分子机制

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100226

Vipul Sharma, Khadga Raj Aran

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease often characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. The actual pathophysiology of AD remains unclear, but several factors including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of AD. Even after over two decades of combined efforts to create novel interventions that can retard the progress of the disease, researchers still only have a small number of alternate medicines with poor efficacy. There is a recent growth of interest in the role of nutrients in brain health as we learn more about what nutrients are and how they impact hormonal and neurological processes that can result in a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Additionally, deficiency of vitamins also gained attention for their pivotal roles in cognitive health. Vitamins, a crucial dietary supplement, regulate various physiological functions and maintain neuronal health, energy metabolism, and antioxidant defence. Vitamin B, such as B1, B6, and B12, are chief constituents for the metabolism of homocysteine and the release of neurotransmitters, a decrease in vitamin E and D may result in increased oxidative damage, which further contributes to neuronal loss. Vitamin deficiencies may make AD degenerative processes more severe as increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque development and tau protein phosphorylation, are two characteristics of AD. This review explores a comprehensive summary of the most widely used vitamins and discusses the findings of recent research on the relationship between these vital micronutrients and AD.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的进行性神经退行性疾病，通常以记忆丧失、认知能力下降和行为改变为特征。阿尔茨海默病的实际病理生理机制尚不清楚，但遗传、环境和生活方式等因素对阿尔茨海默病的发病有重要影响。即使经过20多年的共同努力，创造出可以延缓疾病进展的新干预措施，研究人员仍然只有少数疗效较差的替代药物。最近人们对营养物质在大脑健康中的作用越来越感兴趣，因为我们更多地了解了营养物质是什么，以及它们如何影响激素和神经过程，从而导致各种神经和精神疾病。此外，维生素缺乏在认知健康中的关键作用也引起了人们的关注。维生素是一种重要的膳食补充剂，调节各种生理功能，维持神经健康、能量代谢和抗氧化防御。维生素B，如B1、B6和B12，是同型半胱氨酸代谢和神经递质释放的主要成分，维生素E和D的减少可能导致氧化损伤的增加，从而进一步导致神经元的损失。维生素缺乏可能使阿尔茨海默病的退化过程更加严重，因为淀粉样蛋白- β (Aβ)斑块的形成和tau蛋白磷酸化增加是阿尔茨海默病的两个特征。本文综述了最广泛使用的维生素，并讨论了这些重要微量营养素与AD之间关系的最新研究结果。

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引用次数: 0

Is height loss in adulthood associated with health in later life among the 1946 UK Birth Cohort (NSHD) participants? 在1946年英国出生队列（NSHD）参与者中，成年期身高下降与晚年健康有关吗？

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100224

Katarina L. Matthes, Kaspar Staub

Background

Height increases as a product of physical growth until adulthood, then is stable between the ages of 20 and about 40, after which most people lose height as they biologically age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between height in childhood and relative height loss in adulthood, and to examine the association between height loss and health at older age.

Methods

Data from one of the oldest ongoing cohort studies, the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD, 1946 UK Birth Cohort) were analysed. In total, 2,119 study participants were included who completed the nurse home visit during the 24^th and most recent available follow-up examination at age 69. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between measured height in childhood years relative height loss between ages 36 and 69. Logistic regression models using generalized additive models were calculated to estimate the probability of worse health at age 69 (chronic disease score, general health status, osteoarthritis, and pain while walking) in association with height loss.

Results

Between the ages of 36 and 69, men lost an average of 2.0 cm and women 2.4 cm. Women lost significantly more height than men (p < 0.001). The taller the participants were at a young age, the more height they lost in adulthood. There was a significant association between height loss in adulthood and general health, chronic disease score (in men), osteoarthritis (in men), and walking pain at age 69. These findings largely persisted after adjusting the models for overweight, sociodemographic information, and lifestyle factors earlier in life.

Conclusions

Height loss seems to be associated with deteriorating health as people age. Height measurement and assessment of height loss could potentially be part of regular examinations after the age of 40 to monitor general health status, especially in the case of severe height loss.

身高随着身体发育而增长，直到成年，然后在20岁到40岁之间保持稳定，之后大多数人的身高会随着生理年龄的增长而下降。本研究的目的是调查儿童身高与成年后相对身高下降之间的关系，并研究身高下降与老年健康之间的关系。方法分析了一项最古老的正在进行的队列研究——国家健康与发展调查（NSHD， 1946年英国出生队列）的数据。总共有2119名研究参与者在69岁时完成了第24次和最近一次随访检查期间的护士家访。使用线性回归模型来估计儿童时期测量身高与36至69岁之间相对身高损失之间的关系。使用广义加性模型计算逻辑回归模型，以估计69岁时健康状况恶化（慢性疾病评分、一般健康状况、骨关节炎和行走疼痛）与身高下降相关的概率。结果36 ~ 69岁男性平均减重2.0 cm，女性平均减重2.4 cm。女性的身高比男性明显下降(p <；0.001)。参与者在年轻时越高，他们成年后失去的身高就越多。成年期身高下降与总体健康、慢性疾病评分（男性）、骨关节炎（男性）和69岁时行走疼痛之间存在显著关联。在调整了超重、社会人口统计信息和早期生活方式因素的模型后，这些发现在很大程度上仍然存在。结论随着年龄的增长，体重下降可能与健康状况的恶化有关。身高测量和身高损失评估可能成为40岁以后定期检查的一部分，以监测一般健康状况，特别是在高度严重损失的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Interventions of cognitive impairment in older adults: A comprehensive review 老年人认知障碍的干预：一项综合综述

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100223

Shivani Chib, Kajal Sharma, Randhir Singh

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Minds in Motion, a fitness program for people living with dementia and their caregivers 这是一项针对痴呆症患者及其护理人员的健身计划

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100222

Pria Nippak , Jocelyn Badali , Julien Meyer , Housne Begum , Nalini Sen , Mya Rana-Nippak

Background

Fitness is associated with better physical and mental outcomes in people living with dementia (PWD). This study evaluated Minds in Motion, a program designed to improve the physical fitness of PWD and their care partners (CP).

Method

Participants completed an 8-week program combining exercise and mindfulness recreational activities. Data were collected through a retrospective mixed-method design. Participants, staff, and volunteers completed data collection.

Results

Participants experienced significant improvements in chair stands (+12.9%), bicep curls (+17.2%), and 8 feet up & go (+10.5%) but not in the chair sit and reach exercise. Almost all of the participants (99%) enjoyed the program and staff and volunteers (99%) self-reported improvement in their skills in working with people with dementia, with a strong reduction in the proportion of staff and volunteers disclosing “very limited skill” in dealing with PWD, from 15 to 18% to 9–12% of respondents.

Conclusion

This study, as an extension of the pilot, concluded that Minds in Motion program had a positive impact on PWD and CP's physical functioning following the program fitness training combined with mindfulness recreational activities, which aligned with their reported program satisfaction. The “sit and reach” exercise, may not be appropriate for them. Together, these findings highlight how fitness programs can assist PWD and CP with improved functioning through strength building.

背景：痴呆症患者（PWD）的健康状况与更好的身体和精神状况有关。这项研究评估了Minds in Motion，这是一个旨在改善残疾人及其护理伙伴（CP）身体健康的项目。方法参与者完成了为期8周的锻炼和正念娱乐活动。通过回顾性混合方法设计收集数据。参与者、工作人员和志愿者完成数据收集。结果：参与者在椅子站立（+12.9%）、二头肌卷曲（+17.2%）和8英尺高的运动方面有了显著改善；Go（+10.5%）但不要在椅子上坐着伸展运动。几乎所有的参与者（99%）都喜欢这个项目，员工和志愿者（99%）自我报告说，他们在处理痴呆症患者方面的技能有所提高，员工和志愿者在处理PWD方面的技能“非常有限”的比例大幅下降，从15%降至18%，降至9-12%。结论本研究作为试点研究的延伸，得出运动心灵项目在项目健身训练结合正念娱乐活动后对PWD和CP的身体功能有积极影响，这与他们报告的项目满意度一致。“坐着伸够”的运动可能不适合他们。总之，这些发现强调了健身计划如何通过力量建设来帮助PWD和CP改善功能。

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引用次数: 0

Premorbid and current intellectual performance reflects different backgrounds in patients with Parkinson's disease 帕金森病患者发病前和当前的智力表现反映了不同的背景

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100221

Hidetomo Murakami, Machiko Kezuka, Junnosuke Ozawa, Kaoru Matsuoka, Tatsuya Nakanishi, Atsushi Ishida, Naohito Ito, Mizuki Kanemoto, Mitsuru Kawamura

Background

There is growing interest in targeting Parkinson's Disease (PD) at an earlier stage, especially before emergence of motor symptoms. Cognitive dysfunction is a non-motor symptom in PD, whereas the Japanese version of the National Adult Reading Test (JART) is a validated battery to estimate the premorbid intellectual quotient (IQ). Therefore, the results of JART and current cognitive assessment after onset of PD may reflect different background factors. The goal of the study was to compare factors correlated with estimated premorbid intellectual performance using JART and current cognitive function after onset of PD.

Methods

Current motor symptoms (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; UPDRS Part III) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA) were assessed in 48 patients with PD. Premorbid IQs (verbal IQ: VIQ, performance IQ: PIQ, and full scale IQ: FIQ) were estimated using JART. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for background factors (current age, years of education, UPDRS Part III, and levodopa equivalent dose of prescribed drugs (LED)) with MoCA scores and estimated IQs.

Results

Estimated VIQ (r = 0.451, p = 0.001), PIQ (r = 0.445, p = 0.002) and FIQ (r = 0.453, p = 0.001) were significantly correlated with years of education that was fixed until adolescence (i.e. 20 s). MoCA was significantly correlated with current age (r=−0.401, p = 0.005) and UPDRS part III (r=−0.374, p = 0.009), both of which continue to progress gradually after onset of PD. In multiple regression analyses, these correlations were significant and independent.

Conclusion

Premorbid and current intellectual performance reflect different background factors in patients with PD.

在帕金森病（PD）的早期阶段，特别是在运动症状出现之前，人们对靶向治疗PD越来越感兴趣。认知功能障碍是帕金森病的一种非运动症状，而日本版的国家成人阅读测试（JART）是一种有效的评估病前智商（IQ）的方法。因此，JART的结果和PD发病后的当前认知评估可能反映了不同的背景因素。该研究的目的是比较使用JART评估病前智力表现和PD发病后当前认知功能的相关因素。方法当前运动症状(统一帕金森病评定量表；UPDRS Part III)和认知功能(蒙特利尔认知评估；对48例PD患者的MoCA进行了评估。用JART估计病前智商（言语智商：VIQ，表现智商：PIQ，全量表智商：FIQ）。计算背景因素（当前年龄、受教育年限、UPDRS第三部分和左旋多巴处方药物等效剂量（LED））与MoCA评分和估计智商的Spearman相关系数。结果估计VIQ （r= 0.451, p = 0.001）、PIQ （r= 0.445, p = 0.002）和FIQ （r= 0.453, p = 0.001）与固定至青春期（即20 s）的受教育年限显著相关，MoCA与当前年龄（r= - 0.401, p = 0.005）和UPDRS第三部分（r= - 0.374, p = 0.009）显著相关，两者在PD发病后继续逐渐进展。在多元回归分析中，这些相关性是显著且独立的。结论PD患者的发病前和当前智力表现反映了不同的背景因素。

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引用次数: 0

Baseline shock index and baroreflex function in older adults 老年人的基线休克指数和气压反射功能

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2025.100220

Kenneth M. Madden , Boris Feldman , Graydon S. Meneilly

Elevations in shock index (SI), defined as heart rate (HR)/systolic blood pressure (BP) are less discriminative of impending shock in older adults. We hypothesized baroreflex dysfunction as a potential explanation for lower baseline SI in older adults. 52 older adults (29 women, 23 men, age ≥ 65; mean age 77.8 ± 0.9 years) were recruited. SI, the modified shock index (MSI, HR/mean BP), and the age corrected SI (Age * SI) as well as baroreflex function (using the sequence method) was measured at baseline. SI (Standardized β = 0.392, p = 0.005), MSI (Standardized β = 0.385, p = 0.006) and Age * SI (Standardized β = 0.431, p = 0.002) showed significant positive associations with BRS_up. Age * SI also showed a significant positive association with BRS (Standardized β = 0.329, p = 0.019). Autonomic dysfunction is associated with lower SI in older adults, potentially masking circulatory instability.

ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01914133

休克指数（SI）的升高，定义为心率(HR)/收缩压（BP），对老年人即将发生的休克没有太大的区别。我们假设压力反射功能障碍是老年人较低基线SI的潜在解释。老年人52例(女性29例，男性23例，年龄≥65岁；平均年龄（77.8±0.9岁）。在基线时测量SI、修正冲击指数（MSI, HR/mean BP）、年龄校正SI （age * SI）以及气压反射函数（使用序列法）。SI（标准化β = 0.392, p = 0.005）、MSI（标准化β = 0.385, p = 0.006）、Age * SI（标准化β = 0.431, p = 0.002）与BRSup呈显著正相关。年龄* SI与BRS也呈显著正相关（标准化β = 0.329, p = 0.019）。自主神经功能障碍与老年人低SI相关，可能掩盖循环不稳定

引用次数: 0

The deprivation cascade hypothesis of dementia 痴呆的剥夺级联假说

Aging and health research

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100219

Timothy Daly

There are significant disparities in dementia risk and care burden in the global population. This review provides evidence of the effects of deprivation, understood as the absence of environmental resources required for brain health. Deprivation increases dementia risk and care burden due to biological, environmental, and social dimensions of risk. It is hypothesized that the major mediator between deprivation and dementia is reduced educational and professional attainment. It argues for structural interventions centered around improved attainment, particularly for girls and women across the globe, improved funding for primary and social care, and a rights-based approach to brain health to improve access to these resources and thereby reduce dementia disparities.

全球人口在痴呆症风险和护理负担方面存在显著差异。这篇综述为剥夺的影响提供了证据，剥夺被理解为缺乏大脑健康所需的环境资源。由于生物、环境和社会层面的风险，贫困增加了痴呆症风险和护理负担。据推测，剥夺和痴呆之间的主要中介是教育和职业成就的降低。它主张采取结构性干预措施，重点是提高成绩，特别是全球女童和妇女的成绩，改善初级保健和社会保健的供资，并采取基于权利的脑健康方法，以改善获得这些资源的机会，从而缩小痴呆症的差距。

引用次数: 0

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