D. Marchi, G. Mantica, A. Tafuri, G. Giusti, F. Gaboardi
: Robotic surgery is a minimally invasive technique that is becoming increasingly popular in surgery and especially in urology. More and more major urological interventions, such as radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomies, are evolving into laparoscopic and robotic minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery itself is constantly evolving in order to improve its performance and minimally invasiveness. A non-systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed/Medline electronic search engine using the following terms: “robotic surgery” or “development of robotic surgery” or “single site surgery” or “single port surgery”. Although it is a very recent technology, some preliminary experiences have been presented in the literature that document the feasibility of some major urological interventions, including radical prostatectomies, radical cystectomy, partial nephrectomy and ureterocystoneostomy. Long-term oncological and functional outcomes are not yet available and require more follow-up. Anyway, the single-port robotic system has proved feasible and safe, although in small cases series. Re-evaluating the development of robotic surgery, with each innovation, it aroused great enthusiasm, leading to a great diffusion of the method before having randomized clinical trials that confirmed the effective improvement of the technique compared to the gold standard. The urological community should not miss the second chance to be able to evaluate an emerging technique based on comparative clinical studies. 6
{"title":"Robotic surgery in urology: a narrative review from the beginning to the single-site","authors":"D. Marchi, G. Mantica, A. Tafuri, G. Giusti, F. Gaboardi","doi":"10.21037/amj-20-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-20-166","url":null,"abstract":": Robotic surgery is a minimally invasive technique that is becoming increasingly popular in surgery and especially in urology. More and more major urological interventions, such as radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomies, are evolving into laparoscopic and robotic minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery itself is constantly evolving in order to improve its performance and minimally invasiveness. A non-systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed/Medline electronic search engine using the following terms: “robotic surgery” or “development of robotic surgery” or “single site surgery” or “single port surgery”. Although it is a very recent technology, some preliminary experiences have been presented in the literature that document the feasibility of some major urological interventions, including radical prostatectomies, radical cystectomy, partial nephrectomy and ureterocystoneostomy. Long-term oncological and functional outcomes are not yet available and require more follow-up. Anyway, the single-port robotic system has proved feasible and safe, although in small cases series. Re-evaluating the development of robotic surgery, with each innovation, it aroused great enthusiasm, leading to a great diffusion of the method before having randomized clinical trials that confirmed the effective improvement of the technique compared to the gold standard. The urological community should not miss the second chance to be able to evaluate an emerging technique based on comparative clinical studies. 6","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Gallo, A. Caviglia, M. Beverini, A. Merwe, H. Deventer, M. Schenone, C. Terrone, G. Mantica
During the last years 3D modeling has emerged as a novel, exciting, and effective tool in the hands of patients, trainees, naive and experienced surgeons, especially in the field of urology. In particular, patient-specific 3D models have been introduced as tools for providing accurate anatomical details of the patient organs for preoperative planning. The aim is to reduce intraoperative complications and the operative time and to improve patient safety. This technology has been finding fertile ground in the field of focal surgery, where the correct identification of the area to be removed is of fundamental importance for the success of the operation and the achievement of excellent outcomes. In general, these 3D models can be virtual, printed or augmented-reality and are based on high resolution imaging such as multiparametric magnetic resonance (mp MRI) imaging or computed tomography scans (CT scan). The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the current use of these 3D models for preoperative planning in
{"title":"Narrative review of 3D imaging for preoperative planning in urology","authors":"F. Gallo, A. Caviglia, M. Beverini, A. Merwe, H. Deventer, M. Schenone, C. Terrone, G. Mantica","doi":"10.21037/AMJ-20-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/AMJ-20-175","url":null,"abstract":"During the last years 3D modeling has emerged as a novel, exciting, and effective tool in the hands of patients, trainees, naive and experienced surgeons, especially in the field of urology. In particular, patient-specific 3D models have been introduced as tools for providing accurate anatomical details of the patient organs for preoperative planning. The aim is to reduce intraoperative complications and the operative time and to improve patient safety. This technology has been finding fertile ground in the field of focal surgery, where the correct identification of the area to be removed is of fundamental importance for the success of the operation and the achievement of excellent outcomes. In general, these 3D models can be virtual, printed or augmented-reality and are based on high resolution imaging such as multiparametric magnetic resonance (mp MRI) imaging or computed tomography scans (CT scan). The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the current use of these 3D models for preoperative planning in","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44262252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saturated phosphatidylcholine as dietary additive for colonic mucus: an open label prospective clinical observation trial","authors":"W. Stremmel, G. Fricker, R. Weiskirchen","doi":"10.21037/amj-21-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-21-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Paraboschi, Federica Farneti, L. Jannello, G. Manzoni, A. Berrettini, G. Mantica
More recently, there has been a substantial increase in the use of fluorophores to guide open and laparoscopic procedures with the ultimate aim to optimize both oncological and functional outcomes and to reduce operative time and blood loss. Fluorescent dyes are currently adopted to allow safer and more accurate dissections during both oncological and reconstructive procedures thanks to their ability of highlighting tumour margins and tissue vascularization. Urology is one of the fields in which fluorescenceguided surgery (FGS) has proved to be most useful. In particular, it has assumed a pivotal role in the surgical treatment of oncological patients affected by kidney, bladder, prostate and penis cancers and in the management of paediatric urological conditions. This review aims to provide an update on the use of FGS in adult and paediatric urology, drawing attention to its most recent and interesting applications in this very innovative field of research. Although FGS has been only recently introduced in the clinical scenario, it can be already considered a powerful tool to improve oncological, anatomical and functional outcomes in both adult and paediatric urology. An increased identification of lymph nodes (LNs), a more accurate visualization of tumour margins and a better definition of blood supply and lymphatic drainage have proved to be greatly beneficial for patients undergoing urological procedures, whether they are adults or children. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are still needed to draw firm conclusions and to confirm its benefits in
{"title":"Narrative review on applications of fluorescence-guided surgery in adult and paediatric urology","authors":"I. Paraboschi, Federica Farneti, L. Jannello, G. Manzoni, A. Berrettini, G. Mantica","doi":"10.21037/amj-20-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-20-194","url":null,"abstract":"More recently, there has been a substantial increase in the use of fluorophores to guide open and laparoscopic procedures with the ultimate aim to optimize both oncological and functional outcomes and to reduce operative time and blood loss. Fluorescent dyes are currently adopted to allow safer and more accurate dissections during both oncological and reconstructive procedures thanks to their ability of highlighting tumour margins and tissue vascularization. Urology is one of the fields in which fluorescenceguided surgery (FGS) has proved to be most useful. In particular, it has assumed a pivotal role in the surgical treatment of oncological patients affected by kidney, bladder, prostate and penis cancers and in the management of paediatric urological conditions. This review aims to provide an update on the use of FGS in adult and paediatric urology, drawing attention to its most recent and interesting applications in this very innovative field of research. Although FGS has been only recently introduced in the clinical scenario, it can be already considered a powerful tool to improve oncological, anatomical and functional outcomes in both adult and paediatric urology. An increased identification of lymph nodes (LNs), a more accurate visualization of tumour margins and a better definition of blood supply and lymphatic drainage have proved to be greatly beneficial for patients undergoing urological procedures, whether they are adults or children. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are still needed to draw firm conclusions and to confirm its benefits in","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44347358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contemporary narrative review: a clinically oriented interpretation of incidental radiological findings for common cardiovascular computed tomography scans","authors":"Apichaya Sripariwuth, Temphon Kruamak, Bo Xu","doi":"10.21037/amj-21-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-21-30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Anastomosing haemangioma of the kidney is a benign vascular neoplasm composed of thin-walled anastomosing blood vessels. Anastomosing haemangiomas are exceptionally rare. Approximately 75 cases have been described in the literature. The mean age of patients at diagnosis is 49 years (range, 10–83 years). There is a slight male predominance with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Patients present with non-specific symptoms including abdominal pain, haematuria, and abdominal mass. Anastomosing haemangiomas are spongy and well circumscribed mahogany brown masses without necrosis. These tumours are usually unilateral and solitary. Microscopically, the tumours are composed of anastomosing capillary-sized blood vessels lined by a single layer of bland endothelial cells. Anastomosing haemangiomas are positive for ERG, CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen and FLI1. These tumours harbour recurrent somatic mutations in the GNAQ gene and its paralogue, GNA14. The considerable overlap of clinical features and imaging characteristics between anastomosing haemangioma and other vascular tumours of the kidney, particularly primary renal angiosarcoma, makes diagnosis quite challenging. Unlike primary renal angiosarcoma, anastomosing haemangioma has an excellent prognosis with no risk of recurrence or metastasis. For this reason, anastomosing haemangioma must be distinguished from primary renal angiosarcoma. Awareness of anastomosing haemangioma of the kidney is essential to avoiding misdiagnosis of primary renal angiosarcoma and preventing unnecessary aggressive treatment.
{"title":"Clinicopathological and genetic features of anastomosing haemangioma of the kidney: a narrative review","authors":"A. Omiyale, J. Carton","doi":"10.21037/AMJ-20-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/AMJ-20-181","url":null,"abstract":": Anastomosing haemangioma of the kidney is a benign vascular neoplasm composed of thin-walled anastomosing blood vessels. Anastomosing haemangiomas are exceptionally rare. Approximately 75 cases have been described in the literature. The mean age of patients at diagnosis is 49 years (range, 10–83 years). There is a slight male predominance with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Patients present with non-specific symptoms including abdominal pain, haematuria, and abdominal mass. Anastomosing haemangiomas are spongy and well circumscribed mahogany brown masses without necrosis. These tumours are usually unilateral and solitary. Microscopically, the tumours are composed of anastomosing capillary-sized blood vessels lined by a single layer of bland endothelial cells. Anastomosing haemangiomas are positive for ERG, CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen and FLI1. These tumours harbour recurrent somatic mutations in the GNAQ gene and its paralogue, GNA14. The considerable overlap of clinical features and imaging characteristics between anastomosing haemangioma and other vascular tumours of the kidney, particularly primary renal angiosarcoma, makes diagnosis quite challenging. Unlike primary renal angiosarcoma, anastomosing haemangioma has an excellent prognosis with no risk of recurrence or metastasis. For this reason, anastomosing haemangioma must be distinguished from primary renal angiosarcoma. Awareness of anastomosing haemangioma of the kidney is essential to avoiding misdiagnosis of primary renal angiosarcoma and preventing unnecessary aggressive treatment.","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. While targeted therapies have offered promise for a small subset of patients with driver mutations, usually found among light/neversmokers, the majority arise among heavy smokers are usually not benefited. Immune checkpoint inhibition has instead offered greater promise in this larger cohort of patients. This observation has led to greater attention to the immune components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and a model of tumor immunoediting has emerged in which cancer evolves through phases of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. The chief effector cell in this process is the cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) which can be measured quantitatively using immunohistochemistry for CD8. While the density of this population within primary tumors and their metastasis is prognostic in advanced stage disease of both small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the prognostic significance is more variable in early stage disease and in particular among adenocarcinoma (LUAD) which are heterogenous in their morphology, biology, and risk factor associations. The anti-tumor role of CTL is dependent on a host of immune cell interactions which can be measured by assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) on routine H&E staining as well as specific dendritic cell populations associated with the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) using immunohistochemistry for LAMP or regulatory T-cells (Treg) using FoxP3. Finally, tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and neutrophils (TAN) may polarize to promote (M1 or N1) or inhibit (M2 or N2) CTL effectiveness and can be measured using a variety of immunohistochemical approaches. Herein we review the immunopathologic features of TME in lung cancer and their prognostic associations.
{"title":"Narrative review of the pathologic assessment of immune response in lung cancer","authors":"Hanqiao Zheng, I. Yambayev, A. Shevtsov, E. Burks","doi":"10.21037/AMJ-20-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/AMJ-20-115","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. While targeted therapies have offered promise for a small subset of patients with driver mutations, usually found among light/neversmokers, the majority arise among heavy smokers are usually not benefited. Immune checkpoint inhibition has instead offered greater promise in this larger cohort of patients. This observation has led to greater attention to the immune components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and a model of tumor immunoediting has emerged in which cancer evolves through phases of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. The chief effector cell in this process is the cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) which can be measured quantitatively using immunohistochemistry for CD8. While the density of this population within primary tumors and their metastasis is prognostic in advanced stage disease of both small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the prognostic significance is more variable in early stage disease and in particular among adenocarcinoma (LUAD) which are heterogenous in their morphology, biology, and risk factor associations. The anti-tumor role of CTL is dependent on a host of immune cell interactions which can be measured by assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) on routine H&E staining as well as specific dendritic cell populations associated with the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) using immunohistochemistry for LAMP or regulatory T-cells (Treg) using FoxP3. Finally, tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and neutrophils (TAN) may polarize to promote (M1 or N1) or inhibit (M2 or N2) CTL effectiveness and can be measured using a variety of immunohistochemical approaches. Herein we review the immunopathologic features of TME in lung cancer and their prognostic associations.","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer immunotherapies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 relieve tumour induced immune suppression and induce durable tumour regression. When used alone or in combination with other modalities, immune checkpoint inhibitors have had a remarkable clinical impact on the treatment of multiple tumour sites including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This makes neoadjuvant immunotherapy an attractive option for use in early stage NSCLC. Currently, immunotherapy is used in the UK in both a curative and palliative setting. The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy has the potential benefit of pathological downstaging prior to surgery, which may facilitate radical approaches to surgery— potentially conferring an improvement in overall survival. This literature review examines current literature and evidence on the use of immunotherapy prior to surgery, both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. We conclude that neoadjuvant immunotherapy is a safe and feasible option for patients with resectable early stage NSCLC. Further investigation is required to determine whether a combined approach with chemotherapy or single agent immunotherapy is superior. Confirmatory Phase III clinical trials are ongoing to assess longer clinical impact on event-free survival (EFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and OS. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers are also needed in this setting, and ongoing work is being conducted to investigate this further.
{"title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in early stage non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Karen Chan, Van Ren Sim, A. Billé, K. Zaki","doi":"10.21037/AMJ-20-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/AMJ-20-183","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer immunotherapies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 relieve tumour induced immune suppression and induce durable tumour regression. When used alone or in combination with other modalities, immune checkpoint inhibitors have had a remarkable clinical impact on the treatment of multiple tumour sites including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This makes neoadjuvant immunotherapy an attractive option for use in early stage NSCLC. Currently, immunotherapy is used in the UK in both a curative and palliative setting. The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy has the potential benefit of pathological downstaging prior to surgery, which may facilitate radical approaches to surgery— potentially conferring an improvement in overall survival. This literature review examines current literature and evidence on the use of immunotherapy prior to surgery, both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. We conclude that neoadjuvant immunotherapy is a safe and feasible option for patients with resectable early stage NSCLC. Further investigation is required to determine whether a combined approach with chemotherapy or single agent immunotherapy is superior. Confirmatory Phase III clinical trials are ongoing to assess longer clinical impact on event-free survival (EFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and OS. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers are also needed in this setting, and ongoing work is being conducted to investigate this further.","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48307876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radiation therapy is an important treatment option for management of pelvic organ malignancies including urologic, gynecologic, and gastrointestinal cancers (1). Radiation toxicity results from DNA and cellular damage of healthy tissue in the radiation field and can ultimately lead to tissue necrosis or fibrosis. Radiation therapy of abdominal and pelvic malignancies can cause delayed adverse functional and anatomical effects that involve portions of the urinary tract, such as the ureters, bladder, and posterior urethra. These adverse effects are believed to result from damage to urinary tract epithelium and microvasculature (2,3). Ureteral stricture, contracted bladder, rectourethral fistula, bladder neck contracture, and urethral stricture disease are among the long-term toxicities Review Article
{"title":"Frontiers in post-radiation urologic reconstruction; robotic surgery and near-infrared fluorescence imaging: A Narrative Review","authors":"A. Elbakry, M. M. Pan, J. Buckley","doi":"10.21037/amj-21-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-21-3","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation therapy is an important treatment option for management of pelvic organ malignancies including urologic, gynecologic, and gastrointestinal cancers (1). Radiation toxicity results from DNA and cellular damage of healthy tissue in the radiation field and can ultimately lead to tissue necrosis or fibrosis. Radiation therapy of abdominal and pelvic malignancies can cause delayed adverse functional and anatomical effects that involve portions of the urinary tract, such as the ureters, bladder, and posterior urethra. These adverse effects are believed to result from damage to urinary tract epithelium and microvasculature (2,3). Ureteral stricture, contracted bladder, rectourethral fistula, bladder neck contracture, and urethral stricture disease are among the long-term toxicities Review Article","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43928873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prognostic significance of nodal metastasis in thymic malignancies: a narrative review of the current evidence","authors":"W. K. Hui, P. V. Van Schil","doi":"10.21037/amj-21-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-21-34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72157,"journal":{"name":"AME medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42347868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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