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Social neuroscience: Brain, mind, and society 社会神经科学:大脑、心智和社会
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1203688
Philip Corlett
William Whewell the 19th-century British polymath and longtime master of Trinity College, Cambridge, first used the term scientist (before this, they were natural philosophers or men of science). H...
威廉·休威尔是19世纪英国的博学者,也是剑桥大学三一学院的长期院长,他首先使用了“科学家”一词(在此之前,他们是自然哲学家或科学家)。H……
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引用次数: 3
Trauma symptoms, recovery, and participation in the Wellness Management and Recovery (WMR) program 创伤症状,恢复,并参与健康管理和恢复(WMR)计划
Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1162755
Alisha D. Lee, W. A. Bullock, Janet Hoy
ABSTRACT Despite the disproportionate prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), and the emergence of effective trauma-specific treatments for comorbid PTSD/SMI, PTSD remains undertreated in this population. Literature points to two reasons for such: underdiagnosing of PTSD among individuals with SMI, and lack of clinician confidence/training in trauma-specific issues. A meta-analysis found non-trauma-specific groups reduced trauma symptoms in non-SMI populations. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals with SMI and trauma symptoms reported reduced trauma symptoms following completion of a non-trauma-specific, recovery-focused group treatment, the Wellness Management and Recovery (WMR) program. Pre- and post-WMR data were obtained from 54 participants via the Mental Health Recovery Measure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Participants reported significant improvements in mental health recovery, and significant decreases in trauma symptoms. Results suggested that WMR—a non-trauma-specific group program—may offer promise in reducing trauma symptoms among individuals with SMI who may not have access to evidence-based trauma-specific treatments and/or who may not wish to specifically address trauma issues. Further exploration of the potential of WMR participation to reduce trauma symptoms among individuals with SMI is warranted.
尽管创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)在严重精神疾病(SMI)患者中的患病率不成比例,并且出现了有效的创伤特异性治疗方法来治疗合并PTSD/SMI,但PTSD在这一人群中的治疗仍然不足。文献指出了造成这种情况的两个原因:重度精神分裂症患者对PTSD的诊断不足,以及缺乏临床医生对创伤特异性问题的信心/培训。一项荟萃分析发现,非创伤特异性组减轻了非重度精神分裂症人群的创伤症状。在此背景下,本研究的目的是确定具有严重精神障碍和创伤症状的个体在完成非创伤特异性、以康复为重点的群体治疗——健康管理和康复(WMR)计划后,是否报告创伤症状减轻。通过心理健康恢复测量和创伤后应激障碍检查表获得54名参与者的wmr前后数据。参与者报告在心理健康恢复方面有显著改善,创伤症状显著减少。结果表明,wmr——一个非创伤特异性小组项目——可能为那些可能无法获得循证创伤特异性治疗和/或可能不希望专门解决创伤问题的重度精神分裂症患者提供减少创伤症状的希望。有必要进一步探索WMR参与减少重度精神分裂症患者创伤症状的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Utilizing social media to support community integration 利用社会媒体支持社区融合
Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1171176
Gretchen Snethen, Peter Zook
ABSTRACT With the rising use of social media, one unexplored area of research and practice is how social media can be used to support community integration among individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Young adults with psychiatric disabilities use social media at a rate similar to age matched peers and report a desire for more complete integration into the community. Utilizing a four-dimensional model of community integration (i.e., psychological, physical, social, and independence), this article presents how social media activities can support integration. Social media activities are broken down to demonstrate how individual platforms and functions may be used to support community integration. The authors draw from a diverse set of literature, including research regarding the psychological and social benefits of social media usage among young adults, social media usage among individuals with psychiatric disabilities, and the importance of community integration for individuals with psychiatric disabilities. This article provides theoretical evidence for the use of social media as a supportive component to be included with interventions aimed at increasing community integration. Future research should examine the impact of social media usage by individuals with psychiatric disabilities on domains of community integration as well as explore the impact of interventions utilizing social media to support community integration.
随着社交媒体的使用越来越多,一个尚未探索的研究和实践领域是如何利用社交媒体来支持精神障碍患者的社区融合。患有精神障碍的年轻成年人使用社交媒体的比例与同龄同龄人相似,并表示希望更全面地融入社区。利用社区整合的四维模型(即心理、生理、社会和独立性),本文展示了社交媒体活动如何支持整合。社交媒体活动被分解,以展示如何使用单个平台和功能来支持社区整合。作者借鉴了多种文献,包括关于年轻人使用社交媒体的心理和社会效益的研究,精神残疾人士使用社交媒体的研究,以及精神残疾人士融入社区的重要性的研究。本文为将社交媒体作为一种支持成分纳入旨在提高社区融合的干预措施提供了理论证据。未来的研究应该检查精神障碍个体使用社交媒体对社区整合领域的影响,并探索利用社交媒体支持社区整合的干预措施的影响。
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引用次数: 5
When it’s quiet, it’s nice: Noise sensitivity in schizophrenia 安静的时候很好:精神分裂症的噪音敏感性
Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1162758
J. Landon, D. Shepherd, Meika McGarry, A. Theadom, Robert Miller
ABSTRACT The clinical literature has not given sufficient attention to the phenomenology of noise sensitivity (NS) as experienced by those with schizophrenia, focusing instead on electrophysiological measurements. This study sought to explore and document the experiences of NS in people with schizophrenia. Seven participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and reporting to experience noise sensitivity were recruited. Data were collected through participant-led semi-structured interviews, and a data-driven thematic analysis used to summarize patterns of participants’ experiences. Five themes were identified, exemplified by direct quotes: (1) I didn’t even know it was mentionable, (2) Normal people I guess must just shut them (sounds) off, (3) It’s just very stressful, (4) that’s when insanity creeps in, and (5) when it’s quiet, it’s nice. Awareness of noise sensitivity is important for those affected, and thus those working with them. Validating and sharing experiences such as those documented here is an important early step as NS has effects on many aspects of peoples’ lives. Efforts to develop appropriate clinical interventions and support effective coping strategies should be encouraged.
临床文献没有对精神分裂症患者的噪声敏感性(NS)现象给予足够的关注,而是关注电生理测量。本研究旨在探索和记录精神分裂症患者的NS体验。7名被诊断为精神分裂症并报告对噪音敏感的参与者被招募。通过参与者主导的半结构化访谈和数据驱动的主题分析来收集数据,以总结参与者的经验模式。我确定了五个主题,并引用了直接的例子:(1)我甚至不知道这是值得提及的;(2)我猜正常人一定会把它们(声音)关起来;(3)压力太大了;(4)那是精神错乱的时候;(5)安静的时候,感觉很好。对于受噪音影响的人,以及与他们一起工作的人来说,意识到噪音的敏感性是很重要的。验证和分享这里记录的经验是重要的早期步骤,因为NS对人们生活的许多方面都有影响。应鼓励制定适当的临床干预措施和支持有效的应对策略。
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引用次数: 16
The business of staying in business: North Carolina Clubhouse programs 保持业务的业务:北卡罗莱纳俱乐部项目
Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1162756
C. Akiba, S. Estroff
ABSTRACT Clubhouse Model Programs in North Carolina are threatened by significant local and state reimbursement mechanisms. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of diminished state resources and administrative changes on the ground, from the perspective of Clubhouse members and staff at two Clubhouses in North Carolina. The lead author conducted participant observation for five weeks at each site engaging in various daily activities with members and staff, conducting conversational interviews, and reviewing program administrative data to corroborate findings. Income lost to decreased Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR) rates, decreased billable hours, and an increased delivery of non-reimbursed services represented a significant net cost to the Clubhouses’ operations and finances. The impact of these costs varied between the two organizations largely due to differing policies enacted by their Local Management Entities (LMEs). The costs of forced budgetary changes at the state level created varying degrees of hardship between clubhouses and their service missions.
北卡罗莱纳的俱乐部模式项目受到重要的地方和州报销机制的威胁。本研究的目的是从北卡罗莱纳两个俱乐部的俱乐部成员和工作人员的角度来研究减少国家资源和行政变化对地面的影响。主要作者在每个站点进行了为期五周的参与者观察,与成员和工作人员进行各种日常活动,进行对话访谈,并审查项目管理数据以证实研究结果。由于社会心理康复(PSR)率下降、计费时间减少和无偿服务增加而造成的收入损失,对俱乐部的运营和财务构成了巨大的净成本。这些成本的影响在两个组织之间有所不同,主要是由于其本地管理实体(LMEs)制定的政策不同。在州一级强制预算变化的成本在俱乐部和他们的服务任务之间造成了不同程度的困难。
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引用次数: 3
Locating community among people with schizophrenia living in a diverse urban environment 在生活在不同城市环境中的精神分裂症患者中定位社区
Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1162757
S. Kidd, Tyler Frederick, L. Tarasoff, Gursharan Virdee, Steve Lurie, L. Davidson, D. Morris, K. McKenzie
ABSTRACT Increasing the community participation of people with severe mental illness is a primary goal of recovery-oriented services. Despite this emphasis, the construct of community remains understudied and poorly articulated. This study provides an in-depth examination of the experiences, beliefs, behaviors, and spaces that constitute community participation for a highly diverse group of people with schizophrenia who are urban dwellers. An in-depth, longitudinal qualitative design was employed with 30 individuals with schizophrenia residing in inner-city neighborhoods in Canada’s largest city. For these individuals, community participation is a dynamic process, shaped by illness and non-illness-associated social relationships and spaces, self-concept, and the resources accessible to the person. The complexity of factors that are associated with “community” for people with schizophrenia, with overlays of culture, poverty, victimization, and discrimination, calls for a critical examination of the community rhetoric employed in practice and policy contexts.
增加严重精神疾病患者的社区参与是康复服务的主要目标。尽管如此,社区的构建仍然没有得到充分的研究,也没有得到很好的阐述。本研究提供了一个深入的经验,信仰,行为和空间,构成社区参与的高度多样化的精神分裂症人群是城市居民。对居住在加拿大最大城市内城区的30名精神分裂症患者进行了深入的纵向定性设计。对于这些人来说,社区参与是一个动态的过程,由疾病和非疾病相关的社会关系和空间、自我概念以及个人可获得的资源所塑造。与精神分裂症患者的“社区”相关因素的复杂性,以及文化、贫困、受害和歧视的叠加,要求对实践和政策背景中使用的社区修辞进行批判性审查。
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引用次数: 14
How does Housing First catalyze recovery?: Qualitative findings from a Canadian multi-site randomized controlled trial 住房优先如何促进经济复苏?加拿大一项多地点随机对照试验的定性结果
Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1162759
E. Macnaughton, Greg Townley, G. Nelson, R. Caplan, Timothy Macleod, Lauren Polvere, Corinne A Isaak, Maritt Kirst, Christopher Mcall, Danielle Nolin, M. Patterson, M. Piat, P. Goering
ABSTRACT Qualitative narrative interviews were conducted with 195 participants with histories of homelessness and mental illness at baseline and at an 18-month follow-up. Participants were randomly assigned at baseline to Housing First (HF; n = 119) or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 76) in five Canadian cities. Changes in consumers’ narratives over time were examined for 13 life domains (e.g., housing stability, typical day, social relationships). HF participants showed superior housing stability that led to three important transitions in their recovery journeys: (1) the transition from street to home (e.g., greater control over one’s environment, becoming unstuck), (2) the transition from home to community (e.g., pursuing relationships, participating in the community), and (3) the transition from the present to the future (e.g., developing autonomy and hope). In spite of the gains experienced by many HF participants and some TAU participants, there was a subgroup of HF participants and many more TAU participants who experienced considerable difficulty making positive transitions. This research affirms the importance of housing and support for people with mental illness who are homeless but extends previous research by elucidating how HF enables participants to navigate important transitions in their recovery journeys. Once housing stability is achieved, other services (e.g., supported employment, education, and socialization) are needed to accelerate the transitions that participants strive to make in their lives.
本研究对195名有无家可归史和精神疾病史的参与者进行了定性叙述性访谈,并进行了为期18个月的随访。参与者在基线时被随机分配到住房优先(HF;n = 119)或照常治疗(TAU;n = 76)。随着时间的推移,消费者的叙述在13个生活领域(例如,住房稳定性,典型的一天,社会关系)中发生了变化。HF参与者表现出优越的住房稳定性,这导致了他们康复过程中的三个重要转变:(1)从街头到家庭的过渡(例如,对环境的更大控制,摆脱困境),(2)从家庭到社区的过渡(例如,追求关系,参与社区),以及(3)从现在到未来的过渡(例如,发展自治和希望)。尽管许多心衰参与者和一些TAU参与者获得了收益,但有一个心衰参与者亚组和更多的TAU参与者在积极转变方面遇到了相当大的困难。这项研究肯定了住房和支持无家可归的精神疾病患者的重要性,但通过阐明HF如何使参与者在康复过程中度过重要的过渡,扩展了以前的研究。一旦住房稳定,就需要其他服务(例如,支持就业、教育和社会化)来加速参与者在生活中努力实现的转变。
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引用次数: 37
Correlates of attendance in mental health services for individuals with psychotic disorders: A critical review 精神病患者参加精神卫生服务的相关因素:一项重要综述
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1125400
K. Bonfils, Lauren M. Bouchard, M. Kukla, A. P. Miller, Alan B. McGuire
ABSTRACT Low attendance to mental health care results in loss of time, money, and treatment gains. No prior review in this area has taken into account the quality of studies or varying definitions of attendance. The current review provides a critical evaluation of variables associated with attendance in consumers with psychotic symptoms participating in outpatient mental health services, with a focus on study quality and operationalization of attendance. EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched for empirical articles relevant to attendance to mental health services by individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Eligible articles were rated for quality by two coauthors; high-quality articles were reviewed in-depth. Twenty-eight articles were eligible; 11 articles qualified for in-depth review. Four attendance outcome types were identified, including the prediction of dropout, time engaged, categorical attendance, and continuous attendance. Ongoing substance use during treatment was consistently associated with lower attendance in high-quality articles. More high-quality research using systematically defined outcome types is needed to identify reliable associations with attendance. Commonly tested variables such as demographics show little utility in predicting attendance. Future research in this area should expand upon current findings focusing on clinically and theoretically relevant variables.
精神卫生保健的低出席率导致时间,金钱和治疗收益的损失。这方面的先前审查没有考虑到研究的质量或出勤的不同定义。目前的综述提供了一个关键的变量评估与参与门诊精神卫生服务的精神病症状的消费者出勤,重点是研究质量和出勤的操作化。我们在EMBASE、MEDLINE、PsycINFO、CINAHL和Cochrane图书馆中检索了与诊断为精神障碍的个体参加精神卫生服务相关的实证文章。符合条件的文章由两位共同作者评定质量;对高质量的文章进行了深入的评论。28篇文章符合条件;11篇文章符合深入评审条件。确定了四种出勤结果类型,包括预测退学、投入时间、分类出勤和持续出勤。在高质量的文章中,治疗期间持续的药物使用始终与较低的出席率相关。需要更多高质量的研究,使用系统定义的结果类型来确定出勤的可靠关联。通常测试的变量,如人口统计数据,在预测出席率方面用处不大。未来在这一领域的研究应扩大目前的研究结果,关注临床和理论相关的变量。
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引用次数: 2
The doctor who saw through psychiatric labels to find the real person underneath 医生能看穿精神科的标签,找到真正的自己
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136175
C. Harding
ABSTRACT Professor John S. Strauss finds real people under any kind of label, whether it be a diagnostic label assigned to a patient, or assumptions about a struggling student, or friends and colleagues coping with the vagaries of university life, or just life in general. Everyone gets treated the same, which is often not the case. Some clinicians seem to adopt a double standard: one for patients and one for others. Dr. Strauss is the great equalizer. He really listens. He makes people feel more competent than they did walking in the door. He helps people laugh at themselves and life. He shares what he knows and hopes that his visitors will do the same while sharing the path together. These attributes happen to be the core secrets of rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and friendship!
约翰·s·施特劳斯教授发现了各种标签下的真实人物,无论是给病人的诊断标签,还是对一个努力学习的学生的假设,还是应对大学生活变幻莫测的朋友和同事,或者只是一般的生活。每个人都受到同样的对待,但事实往往并非如此。一些临床医生似乎采取了双重标准:一个为病人,一个为其他人。施特劳斯医生是伟大的平衡者。他真的在倾听。他让人们觉得自己比刚进门时更有能力。他帮助人们嘲笑自己和生活。他分享了他所知道的,并希望他的游客在一起分享这条路的时候也能这样做。这些特质恰好是康复、心理治疗和友谊的核心秘密!
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引用次数: 0
John S. Strauss: The life he leads 约翰·s·施特劳斯:他所过的生活
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136181
P. Lieberman
ABSTRACT Over a 50-year career, John S. Strauss has taken psychiatry down a remarkable number of new paths which have since turned into fields and have become grounds for new ways of understanding and treating people who suffer from mental disorders. His pioneering emphasis on studying illness over time, patients’ subjective experiences, the multiple dimensions of “outcome”, patients’ active roles in helping themselves, the importance of work, and the value of good writing and narrative are only some of the areas in which he has led the way. No less important were the methods that he used and championed: always rigorous and objective, but sensitive and appropriate to the matters of real interest and to people. A rare congruence exists between his work and his own life, which helped make possible the many gifts he gave to his friends and colleagues, and to patients.
在50年的职业生涯中,约翰·s·施特劳斯带领精神病学走上了许多新的道路,这些道路后来变成了许多领域,并成为理解和治疗精神障碍患者的新方法的基础。他开创性地强调随着时间的推移研究疾病、患者的主观体验、“结果”的多个维度、患者在帮助自己方面的积极作用、工作的重要性以及良好写作和叙述的价值,这些只是他引领潮流的一些领域。同样重要的是他所使用和倡导的方法:总是严格和客观的,但对真正感兴趣的问题和人民敏感和适当。他的工作和他自己的生活之间存在着一种罕见的一致性,这使得他给朋友、同事和病人的许多礼物成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American journal of psychiatric rehabilitation
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