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The achievable dream of a humane psychiatry: A tribute to John S. Strauss 人道精神病学可实现的梦想:致敬约翰·s·施特劳斯
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136174
P. McGorry
ABSTRACT John S. Strauss is a unique culture carrier for humane and optimistic mental health care. Swimming against the tide of hard reductionism of recent decades and transcending the earlier reductionism of psychoanalysis, his life and work illustrate the value of an integrative approach. Respect for and faith in evidence-based psychosocial are essential features of a mature psychiatry and enhance and complement the neuroscientific perspective. John S. Strauss has kept this flame alive in the U.S. and has inspired so many others worldwide to embrace this essential dimension of mental health care. The task of integration of the diverse perspectives in mental health continues but thanks to John S. Strauss, we know it is an achievable dream.
约翰·s·施特劳斯是一种独特的人文乐观主义精神卫生文化载体。在近几十年的硬还原论浪潮中逆流而上,超越了早期的精神分析还原论,他的生活和工作说明了综合方法的价值。尊重和相信基于证据的社会心理是成熟精神病学的基本特征,并加强和补充了神经科学的观点。约翰·s·施特劳斯(John S. Strauss)在美国保持了这种火焰,并激励了世界上许多其他人接受这一精神卫生保健的重要方面。整合心理健康的不同观点的任务仍在继续,但感谢约翰·s·施特劳斯,我们知道这是一个可以实现的梦想。
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引用次数: 0
Notes on the legacy of John S. Strauss 约翰·s·施特劳斯的遗产
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136184
T. Krupa
ABSTRACT For those committed to ensuring that people with lived experience of mental illness are provided with the rightful opportunities to meet their full potential and to live a quality life with meaning, the inspiration, achievements, and guidance of recognized leaders is important. This brief essay describes how the legacy of one such leader, John S. Strauss, is passed on to influence a future generation of leaders and advocates.
对于那些致力于确保有精神疾病经历的人有适当的机会来充分发挥他们的潜力,过上有意义的高质量生活的人来说,知名领袖的鼓舞、成就和指导是很重要的。这篇简短的文章描述了约翰·s·施特劳斯(John S. Strauss)这样一位领袖的遗产是如何传承下来影响下一代领袖和倡导者的。
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引用次数: 0
John S. Strauss and schizophrenia: Early discovery, lasting impact 约翰·s·施特劳斯与精神分裂症:早期发现,持久影响
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136171
W. Carpenter
ABSTRACT Early in his career, John S. Strauss conducted a remarkable series of studies that challenged contemporary views of schizophrenia. He challenged the disease entity view, deconstructed the clinical syndrome into separate domains of psychopathology, made a compelling case for viewing psychopathology on a continuum that extended into normal behavior, showed that areas of dysfunction had their own developmental trajectories and were not accounted for by psychotic symptoms. He provided evidence that narrow definitions of schizophrenia, based on special symptoms such as Schneiderian symptoms of first rank, did not capture Kraepelin's concept of dementia praecox and that these symptoms lacked prognostic validity and were not unique to persons with a schizophrenia diagnosis. These studies, hotly debated at that time, have been validated and are now common knowledge. Strauss' concepts are represented in today's emphasis on symptom dimensions, the explicit recognition of clinical syndromes with porous diagnostic boundaries, and the prevalence of psychotic-like experience in non-ill persons. His 1974 assertion that schizophrenia was a poor target for research and that etiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic discovery required syndrome deconstruction is finally becoming the dominant paradigm—for example, the NIMH Research Domains Criteria [RDoC] initiative.
在职业生涯早期,约翰·s·施特劳斯进行了一系列引人注目的研究,挑战了当代对精神分裂症的看法。他挑战了疾病实体的观点,将临床综合症解构为精神病理学的不同领域,提出了一个令人信服的案例,将精神病理学视为一个延伸到正常行为的连续体,表明功能障碍的领域有自己的发展轨迹,而不是由精神症状来解释的。他提供的证据表明,以施耐德一级症状等特殊症状为基础的精神分裂症的狭义定义没有捕捉到Kraepelin对早发性痴呆的概念,而且这些症状缺乏预后有效性,并不是精神分裂症诊断患者所特有的。这些研究在当时引起了激烈的争论,但现在已经得到了验证,成为了常识。施特劳斯的概念体现在今天对症状维度的强调,对具有多孔诊断边界的临床综合征的明确认识,以及在非患病人群中流行的精神病样经验。他在1974年断言精神分裂症是一个不好的研究目标,病因学、病理生理学和治疗发现需要综合症解构,这最终成为主导范式——例如,NIMH研究领域标准(RDoC)倡议。
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引用次数: 1
Introduction: In honor of John S. Strauss, MD 简介:为了纪念约翰·s·施特劳斯博士
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136155
L. Davidson
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引用次数: 1
In response 在回应
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136186
J. Strauss
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引用次数: 0
“I did it my way” “我用我的方式”
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1136178
D. Roe
ABSTRACT In this Festschrift for John S. Strauss, a number of his profound contributions and their impact over time are highlighted, while reflecting upon his journey of discovery through my own personal journey, beginning as a PhD student of his in the 1990s.
在这本约翰·s·施特劳斯(John S. Strauss)的纪念书中,重点介绍了他的一些深刻贡献及其随着时间的推移所产生的影响,同时通过我自己在20世纪90年代作为他的博士生开始的个人旅程来反思他的发现之旅。
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引用次数: 0
Sorting it out: Eliciting consumer priorities for recovery in supportive housing. 解决方案:引导消费者优先考虑支持性住房的复苏。
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-19 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2016.1197862
Mimi Choy-Brown, Deborah Padgett, Bikki Smith, Emmy Tiderington

Objective: This study aims to understand participant priorities in their personal recovery journey and their perspectives of recovery domains.

Methods: A card sort data gathering technique was employed to elicit priorities in recovery from consumers in supportive housing programs serving formerly homeless adults with severe mental illnesses in New York City. Participants (N=38) were asked to sort 12 cards printed with recovery domains in order of importance and describe the meaning attached to each domain.

Results: Mental health (95%), physical health (89%), and housing (92%) were the domains most frequently included and prioritized in the top three rankings. Family (76%) and partner (74%) were also frequently included and endorsed as most important second only to mental health. Housing was prioritized yet rated most important less often (58%). Work, school, hobbies, program, friends and neighborhood were less frequently endorsed. 'Card sort talk' revealed critical understanding of participants' priorities and their reasons for endorsing other domains less frequently.

Conclusions: Most important to participants was regaining functional independence through improved mental and physical health and access to housing. With underlying principles of efficiency and empowerment, card sort is a promising engagement technique for providers to elicit consumer priorities in their own recovery.

目的:本研究旨在了解被试在个人康复过程中的优先次序和他们对康复领域的看法。方法:采用卡片分类数据收集技术,从纽约市为患有严重精神疾病的前无家可归的成年人提供支持的住房计划的消费者中得出恢复的优先顺序。参与者(N=38)被要求将12张印有恢复领域的卡片按重要性排序,并描述每个领域的含义。结果:心理健康(95%)、身体健康(89%)和住房(92%)是排名前三的最常被提及和优先考虑的领域。家庭(76%)和伴侣(74%)也经常被包括在内,并被认为是仅次于精神健康的最重要因素。住房被优先考虑,但被评为最重要的频率较低(58%)。工作、学校、爱好、项目、朋友和邻居的认可频率较低。“卡片分类谈话”揭示了参与者对优先事项的批判性理解,以及他们较少支持其他领域的原因。结论:对参与者来说,最重要的是通过改善身心健康和获得住房来恢复功能独立。凭借效率和授权的基本原则,卡片分类是一种很有前途的参与技术,可以让供应商在自己的恢复中引出消费者的优先事项。
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引用次数: 6
Family-Directed Cognitive Adaptation Pilot: Teaching Cognitive Adaptation to Families of Individuals with Schizophrenia. 家庭导向的认知适应试点:精神分裂症患者家庭认知适应教学。
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-16 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1125401
Friedman-Yakoobian, Kim T Mueser, Anthony J Giuliano, Donald Goff, Larry J Seidman

Cognitive deficits are a major determinant of functional outcome in schizophrenia. A promising treatment involves teaching individuals to use cognitive adaptation strategies to minimize the functional impact of cognitive difficulties. We developed Family Directed Cognitive Adaptation (FCA) to train caregivers to help their relatives with schizophrenia use cognitive adaptations to improve living skills. The goal of this open pilot trial was to examine the feasibility of FCA. Ten adults with schizophrenia, each with at least one relative, participated in FCA and were evaluated at baseline, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Domains assessed included adaptive functioning, psychiatric symptoms, school/work involvement, hospitalizations, family burden, and treatment satisfaction. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with FCA, and all families completed the 16-session intervention. Relatives reported reduced burden at termination and follow-up. No participants were hospitalized during the treatment or follow-up period, and rates of work/school involvement increased from 30% at baseline to 50% at the end of treatment and follow-up. Individuals improved in negative symptoms and adaptive functioning over the course of treatment, but these gains were not maintained. This pilot provides preliminary support for the acceptability and feasibility of FCA, and points to the need to address the maintenance of treatment gains after termination.

认知缺陷是精神分裂症功能预后的主要决定因素。一种很有希望的治疗方法是教个体使用认知适应策略,以尽量减少认知困难对功能的影响。我们开发了家庭导向认知适应(Family Directed Cognitive Adaptation, FCA)来培训护理人员帮助精神分裂症患者的亲属使用认知适应来提高生活技能。这项公开试点试验的目的是研究FCA的可行性。10名成年精神分裂症患者,每人至少有一名亲属,参加了FCA,并在基线、治疗后和6个月的随访中进行了评估。评估的领域包括适应功能、精神症状、学校/工作参与、住院情况、家庭负担和治疗满意度。参与者报告对FCA的满意度很高,所有家庭都完成了16次干预。亲属报告在终止和随访时负担减轻。在治疗或随访期间,没有参与者住院,工作/学校参与率从基线时的30%增加到治疗和随访结束时的50%。在治疗过程中,个体的阴性症状和适应性功能有所改善,但这些改善并没有保持下去。该试点为FCA的可接受性和可行性提供了初步支持,并指出需要解决终止后治疗成果的维持问题。
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引用次数: 6
The Association between Personality and Individual Differences and Stigma toward People with Mental Disorders 人格、个体差异和对精神障碍患者的耻辱感之间的关系
Pub Date : 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1089799
Andrew C. H. Szeto, T. O’Neill, K. Dobson
Although research examining the stigma of mental disorders is burgeoning, there has been little research exploring the personality and individual differences that may be associated with mental disorders stigma. The current study examined the relation between stigma toward mental disorders and social-psychological individual difference variables (intergroup anxiety, empathic concern, perspective taking, and modern prejudice toward people with mental disorders). As well, the Big Five and Honesty-Humility personality traits were examined at factor- and facet-levels to replicate and extend previous research that has examined their relations with stigma. The social-psychological individual difference variables were significantly correlated with mental disorders stigma. More interestingly, regression models indicated that intergroup anxiety, empathic concern, and modern prejudice accounted for more variance in the prediction of stigma than Big Five factors and facets. Additionally, results indicate the utility of examining factor- and facet levels, rather than only the factor level. These results highlight the need to further examine individual characteristics and personality in stigma research. To conclude, the current findings are discussed in the context of interventions aimed at reducing the stigma of mental disorders.
尽管对精神障碍耻辱感的研究正在蓬勃发展,但很少有研究探索可能与精神障碍耻辱感相关的人格和个体差异。本研究考察了精神障碍耻辱感与社会心理个体差异变量(群体间焦虑、共情关怀、视角获取和对精神障碍患者的现代偏见)之间的关系。此外,五大人格特征和诚实谦卑人格特征在因素和层面上进行了研究,以复制和扩展先前研究它们与耻辱的关系的研究。社会心理个体差异变量与精神障碍耻感显著相关。更有趣的是,回归模型表明,群体间焦虑、共情关注和现代偏见在预测病耻感方面比五大因素和方面的差异更大。此外,结果表明检查因子和facet水平的效用,而不仅仅是因素水平。这些结果强调了在病耻感研究中进一步研究个体特征和个性的必要性。总之,目前的研究结果是在旨在减少精神障碍耻辱的干预措施的背景下讨论的。
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引用次数: 16
EOV Editorial Board EOV编委会
Pub Date : 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1100955
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American journal of psychiatric rehabilitation
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