Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery最新文献

Right superior resection (segments 7 and 8) is an uncommon resection for liver malignancies, with most of the literature limited to case reports and small series. Resection of segments 4, 7, and 8 has been reported in only a few cases. When the right hepatic vein is resected, venous reconstruction or identification of one or more right inferior hepatic veins is considered mandatory, to maintain segmentary function of segments 5 and 6. We present a case of liver resection of segments 4, 7, and 8 including the right and middle hepatic veins for symptomatic benign liver disease with no right hepatic vein reconstruction, nor a prominent right inferior hepatic vein(s). After the resection, there was no change in liver function tests, and the patient made an unremarkable recovery. Three months after the operation, partial atrophy of segments 5 and 6 with hypertrophy of the left lateral section was observed, while two and one half years after resection, the patient is asymptomatic. When right hepatic vein reconstruction would add unnecessary operative time, and there is low likelihood of the need for repeated resection, particularly when the hepatic vein is difficult to dissect, this approach can be safe and useful, while providing an adequate postoperative liver mass in the short-term to recover uneventfully from major liver resection.

Patients with nonresectable breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) face a dismal prognosis. Despite liver transplantation (LT) for metastatic liver tumors having recently shown good results, BCLM represents an absolute contraindication. This study aimed to investigate the potential for long-term survival after LT for BCLMs in a patient experiencing end-stage liver disease, following multiple oncologic treatments. In July 2019, we performed a deceased donor LT on a 41-year-old female with BCLM controlled with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeted therapy, who developed liver failure following multiple locoregional liver-directed treatments. The primary tumor was treated with surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation in 2000. The procedure was performed under a protocol approved by the local ethical committee, and by the Italian National Transplant Center. A 12-month treatment with trastuzumab was performed immediately after LT. Immunosuppression following transplantation was undertaken without steroids, and with everolimus. The patient completed 12 months of follow-up without recurrence. Trastuzumab was then withdrawn. Fifteen months after LT, a liver recurrence occurred that was treated with chemotherapy. In October 2021, she developed 2 brain lesions that were treated with stereotactic radiation. The patient is still alive, with a positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed in January 2024 showing no disease. LT for this patient with BCLM of extreme selectivity showed a good clinical outcome. Perioperative systemic treatment and tumor control are necessary. A specific protocol should be discussed within a multidisciplinary team, and with local and national authorities. Even if tumor recurrence occurs, multimodal therapy can control the disease.

Backgrounds/aims: While the effects of myosteatosis are emerging, the evidence for its use as a predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) still needs to be established. The study aims to evaluate the effect of myosteatosis on the shortand long-term outcomes of PD.

Methods: We analyzed the effect of myosteatosis on the short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent PD between July 2006 and May 2013. Myosteatosis was measured retrospectively from preoperative computed tomography (CT) at the L3 vertebra level, and dichotomized as a binary exposure variable as < 38.5 Hounsfield unit (HU) for males, and < 36.1 HU for females.

Results: A total of 214 patient (median age 62 years, range: 41-80 years) CTs were analyzed for myosteatosis. Overall, 120/214 (56.1%) patients were classed as having myosteatosis. Both groups had similar comorbidity profiles. The presence of myosteatosis was not shown to increase the rate of any short- or long-term complication. However, pancreatic leak (29.8% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.006) and postoperative bleeding (13.8% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.034) were higher in the non-myosteatosis group. The median intensive care (2 days) and hospital stay (12 days) were the same in both groups. The 30-day mortality (myosteatosis: 3.3% vs. non-myosteatosis: 3.2%; p = 0.95), and 5-year overall survival (myosteatosis: 26.7% vs. non-myosteatosis: 31.9%; p = 0.5), were similar in both groups.

Conclusions: We have found no evidence supporting myosteatosis affecting either the short-term or long-term outcomes of patients undergoing PD for suspected/confirmed malignant tumors.

Backgrounds/aims: Minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD), such as totally laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (TLPD) or robot-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy (RAPD), is increasingly performed worldwide. This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of TLPD and RAPD, and compare the oncologic outcomes between MIPD and open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) for malignant disease.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at two hospitals that followed similar oncological surgical principles, including the extent of resection. RAPD was performed at Seoul National University Hospital, and TLPD at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Patient demographics, perioperative outcomes, and oncological outcomes were analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to compare oncologic outcomes between MIPD and OPD.

Results: Between 2015 and 2020, 332 RAPD and 178 TLPD were performed. The rates of Clavian-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications (19.3% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.816), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (9.9% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.647), and open conversions (6.6% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.163) were comparable between the two groups. The mean operation time (341 minutes vs. 414 minutes, p < 0.001) and postoperative hospital stay were shorter in the RAPD group (11 days vs. 14 days, p = 0.034). After PSM, the 5-year overall survival rate was comparable between MIPD and OPD for overall malignant disease (58.4% vs. 55.5%, p = 0.180).

Conclusions: Both RAPD and TLPD are safe and feasible, and MIPD has clinical outcomes that are comparable to those of OPD. Although RAPD exhibits some advantages, its perioperative outcomes are similar to those associated with TLPD. A surgical method may be selected based on the convenience of surgical movements, medical costs, and operator experience.

Backgrounds/aims: The guidelines regarding the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) all have slightly different surgical indications for high-risk lesions. We aim to retrospectively compare the accuracy of four guidelines in recommending surgery for high-risk IPMNs, and assess the accuracy of elevated CA-19-9 levels and imaging characteristics of IPMNs considered high-risk in predicting malignancy or high-grade dysplasia (HGD).

Methods: The final histopathological diagnosis of surgically resected high-risk IPMNs during 2013-2020 were compared to preoperative surgical indications, as enumerated in four guidelines: the 2015 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), 2017 International Consensus, 2018 European Study Group, and 2018 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). Surgery was considered "justified" if histopathology of the surgical specimen showed HGD/malignancy, or there was postoperative symptomatic improvement.

Results: Surgery was postoperatively justified in 26/65 (40.0%) cases. All IPMNs with HGD/malignancy were detected by the 2018 ACG and the combined (absolute and relative criteria) 2018 European guidelines. The combined ("high-risk stigmata" and "worrisome features") 2017 International guideline missed 1/19 (5.3%) IPMNs with HGD/malignancy. The 2015 AGA guideline missed the most cases (11/19, 57.9%) of IPMNs with HGD/malignancy. We found the features most-associated with HGD/malignancy were pancreatic ductal dilation, and elevated CA-19-9 levels.

Conclusions: Following the 2015 AGA guideline results in the highest rate of missed HGD/malignancy, but the lowest rate of operating on IPMNs without these features; meanwhile, the 2018 ACG and the combined (absolute and relative criteria) 2018 European guidelines result in more operations for IPMNs without HGD/malignancy, but the lowest rates of missed HGD/malignancy in IPMNs.

Backgrounds/aims: A postoperative biliary leak is one of the most morbid complications occurring after a liver resection, the long-term impact of which remains unknown.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive liver resections performed from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2021. Primary endpoint of disease-free survival (DFS) was compared between patients with and without a bile leak, stratifying for tumor type. Survival curves were plotted using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and differences between them were analyzed using the log-rank test.

Results: In toto, 862 patients were analyzed, and included 306 (35.5%) hepatocellular carcinomas, 212 (24.6%) metastatic colorectal cancers, and 111 (12.9%) cholangiocarcinomas (69 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, 42 hilar cholangiocarcinomas). Occurrence of a bile leak was associated with significantly poorer DFS only in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (median DFS 9.9 months vs. 24.9 months, p = 0.013), and further analysis was restricted to this cohort. A Cox regression performed for factors associated with DFS detriment in patients with cholangiocarcinoma showed that apart from node positivity (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.482, p = 0.033) and margin positivity (HR: 2.65, p = 0.021), development of a bile leak was independently associated with worsening DFS on both univariate and multiple regression analyses (HR: 1.896, p = 0.033).

Conclusions: Post-hepatectomy biliary leaks are associated with significantly poorer DFS only in patients with cholangiocarcinoma, but not in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods to mitigate this survival detriment need to be explored.

Backgrounds/aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been used to assess surgery quality, educate, and evaluate surgical performance using video recordings in the minimally invasive surgery era. Much attention has been paid to automating surgical workflow analysis from surgical videos for an effective evaluation to achieve the assessment and evaluation. This study aimed to design a deep learning model to automatically identify surgical phases using laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos and automatically assess the accuracy of recognizing surgical phases.

Methods: One hundred and twenty cholecystectomy videos from a public dataset (Cholec80) and 40 laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos recorded between July 2022 and December 2022 at a single institution were collected. These datasets were split into training and testing datasets for the AI model at a 2:1 ratio. Test scenarios were constructed according to structural characteristics of the trained model. No pre- or post-processing of input data or inference output was performed to accurately analyze the effect of the label on model training.

Results: A total of 98,234 frames were extracted from 40 cases as test data. The overall accuracy of the model was 91.2%. The most accurate phase was Calot's triangle dissection (F1 score: 0.9421), whereas the least accurate phase was clipping and cutting (F1 score: 0.7761).

Conclusions: Our AI model identified phases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a high accuracy.

Backgrounds/aims: Patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often possess good liver reserve, which may limit the prognostic effectiveness of existing liver function scores. This study aimed to develop a novel liver function score and a preoperative prognostic model specifically for HCC resection patients.

Methods: Eight hundred twenty-seven HCC patients undergoing initial liver resection were segregated into training and validation cohorts in a 6:4 ratio. Cox regression analysis was employed to identify significant parameters influencing overall survival. The efficacy of the liver function score and prognostic model was evaluated using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin emerged as significant prognostic indicators. The AST-albumin (ASAL) score, calculated as exp [AST (IU/L) × 0.005 - albumin (g/dL) × 1.043] × 100, outperformed existing scores such as Child-Turcotte-Pugh, albumin-bilirubin, platelet-albumin, and AST-platelet ratio index in both training and validation cohorts. Additionally, a scoring model that combined the ASAL score with alpha-fetoprotein and the up-to-seven criterion exhibited superior discriminatory capabilities compared to the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor, node, metastasis stage, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage.

Conclusions: The proposed prognostic model that integrates the novel ASAL score offers promising prognostic potential for HCC patients undergoing liver resection.

To compare the procedural outcomes of minimally invasive and open central pancreatectomy. A systematic review in compliance with PRISMA statement standards was conducted to identify and analyze studies comparing the procedural outcomes of minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotic) central pancreatectomy with the open approach. Random effects modeling using intention to treat data, and individual patient as unit of analysis, was used for analyses. Seven comparative studies including 289 patients were included. The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics. The minimally invasive approach was associated with less intraoperative blood loss (mean difference [MD]: -153.13 mL, p = 0.0004); however, this did not translate into less need for blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, p = 0.06). The minimally invasive approach resulted in less grade B-C postoperative pancreatic fistula (OR: 0.54, p = 0.03); this did not remain consistent through sensitivity analyses. There was no difference between the two approaches in operative time (MD: 60.17 minutes, p = 0.31), Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 complications (OR: 1.11, p = 0.78), postoperative mortality (risk difference: -0.00, p = 0.81), and length of stay in hospital (MD: -3.77 days, p = 0.08). Minimally invasive central pancreatectomy may be as safe as the open approach; however, whether it confers advantage over the open approach remains the subject of debate. Type 2 error is a possibility, hence adequately powered studies are required for definite conclusions; future studies may use our data for power analysis.

Various treatment modalities are available for small solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the optimal primary treatment strategy for tumors ≤ 3 cm remains unclear. This network meta-analysis investigates the comparative efficacy of various interventions on the long-term outcomes of patients with solitary HCC ≤ 3 cm. A systematic search of electronic databases from January 2000 to December 2023 was conducted to identify studies that compared at least two of the following treatments: surgical resection (SR), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Survival data were extracted, and pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a frequentist network meta-analysis. A total of 30 studies, comprising 2 randomized controlled trials and 28 retrospective studies, involving 8,053 patients were analyzed. Surgical resection showed the highest overall survival benefit with a p-score of 0.95, followed by RFA at 0.59, MWA at 0.23, and TACE, also at 0.23. Moreover, SR provided the most significant recurrence-free survival advantage, with a p-score of 0.95, followed by RFA at 0.31 and MWA at 0.19. Sensitivity analyses, excluding low-quality or retrospective non-matched studies, corroborated these findings. This network meta-analysis demonstrates that SR is the most effective first-line curative treatment for single HCC ≤ 3 cm, followed by RFA in patients with preserved liver function. The limited data on MWA and TACE underscore the need for further studies.