Cardozo et al. (2009) reported 3 unrelated children, 2 boys and 1 girl, with severe mental retardation, epilepsy, and bilateral periventricular heterotopia limited to the subcutaneous region of the temporal bones and occipital lateral ventricles. Other features of this syndrome include hypotonia, delayed motor development, lack of speech, and minor facial deformities such as a prominent forehead, depressed nasal bridge, and high blood pressure
{"title":"A Comprehensive and Clinical Review of Distal Deletion Syndrome of Chromosome 5q14.3","authors":"Shahin Asadi","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/164","url":null,"abstract":"Cardozo et al. (2009) reported 3 unrelated children, 2 boys and 1 girl, with severe mental retardation, epilepsy, and bilateral periventricular heterotopia limited to the subcutaneous region of the temporal bones and occipital lateral ventricles. Other features of this syndrome include hypotonia, delayed motor development, lack of speech, and minor facial deformities such as a prominent forehead, depressed nasal bridge, and high blood pressure","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ribavirin is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. It’s critical to understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the mechanism of action of ribavirin. As such, it is crucial to focus on analytical methods that can allow specific, sensitive, and accurate measurement of ribavirin, so we introduce in this literature the last up to date of these methods in different matrices.
{"title":"Spectroscopic, Chromatographic and Electrochemical Determination of Ribavirin in Different Matrices","authors":"Mahmoud M. Sebaiy","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/158","url":null,"abstract":"Ribavirin is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. It’s critical to understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the mechanism of action of ribavirin. As such, it is crucial to focus on analytical methods that can allow specific, sensitive, and accurate measurement of ribavirin, so we introduce in this literature the last up to date of these methods in different matrices.","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This research aimed to determine the impact of reflux patterns in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency on clinical severity and management. Methods: We evaluated 771 lower extremities of 452 patients having GSV insufficiency with Doppler Ultrasound. We characterized the reflux patterns like previously done in the literature: type 1, GSV reflux without the involvement of perimalleolar region or saphenofemoral junction (SFJ); type 2, GSV reflux involving perimalleolar region; type 3, GSV reflux involving SFJ; type 4, GSV reflux involving both perimalleolar region and SFJ. Then we conducted a study to evaluate the relationship between GSV reflux type and age, gender, venous clinical severity score (VCSS), clinical, etiological, anatomical and pathophysiological elements (CEAP), body mass index (BMI) and gave an effort to compare the groups by therapeutic strategies. Results: The mean age was 44±11 years. The male-to-female ratio was 0.49. The most commonly observed reflux pattern was type 3 (48%) in patients with GSV insufficiency and varicose veins. Patients with type 1 reflux were younger, had lower BMI, and had a better clinical situation (p=0.002). VCSS was associated with perimalleolar region involvement, as increased in type 2 reflux than type 1, and higher VCSS was related to SFJ involvement as defined in type 3 reflux. Type 4 reflux patients had the highest VCSS that means the most severe clinical presentation. Sclerotherapy was the most common treatment modality in type 1 reflux (p<0.001). Also, in type 2 and type 4 reflux, sclerotherapy was more preferred than type 3 (p<0.001). Type 4 reflux pattern required mostly radiofrequency ablation, compared with type 3 (28.2% vs 20.5%; p<0.05) after initial diagnosis. Cyanoacrylate glue embolization was the appropriate therapeutic option in only 3.2% of type 4 reflux patients, which was significantly lower than type 3. Conclusion: According to the reflux pattern classification system based on SFJ and malleolar region involvement as practiced in this study, we described a correlation between VCSS, CEAP, BMI, and the extent of venous insufficiency. This correlation with consideration of cosmetic reasons and vein diameter measurements can suggest further treatment modality. Advances in knowledge: We investigated a practical, clinically applicable, and widely accepted standard method for classifying GSV insufficiency. Mapping venous insufficiency with such a system is essential to determine the clinical severity and the most appropriate treatment modality.
目的:本研究旨在确定大隐静脉(GSV)功能不全患者的反流模式对临床严重程度和治疗的影响。方法:应用多普勒超声对452例GSV功能不全患者771例下肢进行评价。我们的特点是反流模式像以前的文献所做的:1型，GSV反流没有累及踝周区或隐股交界处(SFJ);2型，GSV反流累及踝周区;3型，GSV反流累及SFJ;4型，GSV反流累及踝周区和SFJ。然后，我们进行了一项研究，评估GSV反流类型与年龄、性别、静脉临床严重程度评分(VCSS)、临床、病因、解剖和病理生理因素(CEAP)、体重指数(BMI)的关系，并试图通过治疗策略对两组进行比较。结果:患者平均年龄44±11岁。男女比例为0.49。在GSV功能不全和静脉曲张患者中，最常见的反流模式是3型(48%)。1型反流患者年龄较小，BMI较低，临床情况较好(p=0.002)。VCSS与踝周区受累相关，2型反流患者的VCSS高于1型反流患者，而较高的VCSS与3型反流中定义的SFJ受累相关。4型反流患者的VCSS最高，这意味着最严重的临床表现。硬化疗法是1型反流最常见的治疗方式(p<0.001)。此外，在2型和4型反流中，硬化疗法比3型更受欢迎(p<0.001)。与3型相比，4型反流型主要需要射频消融(28.2% vs 20.5%;p < 0.05)。只有3.2%的4型反流患者采用氰基丙烯酸酯胶栓塞治疗，这一比例明显低于3型。结论:根据本研究中基于SFJ和踝区受累的反流模式分类系统，我们描述了VCSS、CEAP、BMI与静脉功能不全程度的相关性。这种相关性与考虑美容原因和静脉直径测量可以建议进一步的治疗方式。知识进展:我们研究了一种实用的、临床适用的、被广泛接受的分类GSV功能不全的标准方法。用这样的系统测绘静脉功能不全对于确定临床严重程度和最合适的治疗方式至关重要。
{"title":"Evaluatıng the Impact of Great Saphenous Veın Reflux Pattern on Clınıcal Severıty and Treatment Modalıty","authors":"Aykut Kadıoğlu","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/159","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This research aimed to determine the impact of reflux patterns in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency on clinical severity and management. Methods: We evaluated 771 lower extremities of 452 patients having GSV insufficiency with Doppler Ultrasound. We characterized the reflux patterns like previously done in the literature: type 1, GSV reflux without the involvement of perimalleolar region or saphenofemoral junction (SFJ); type 2, GSV reflux involving perimalleolar region; type 3, GSV reflux involving SFJ; type 4, GSV reflux involving both perimalleolar region and SFJ. Then we conducted a study to evaluate the relationship between GSV reflux type and age, gender, venous clinical severity score (VCSS), clinical, etiological, anatomical and pathophysiological elements (CEAP), body mass index (BMI) and gave an effort to compare the groups by therapeutic strategies. Results: The mean age was 44±11 years. The male-to-female ratio was 0.49. The most commonly observed reflux pattern was type 3 (48%) in patients with GSV insufficiency and varicose veins. Patients with type 1 reflux were younger, had lower BMI, and had a better clinical situation (p=0.002). VCSS was associated with perimalleolar region involvement, as increased in type 2 reflux than type 1, and higher VCSS was related to SFJ involvement as defined in type 3 reflux. Type 4 reflux patients had the highest VCSS that means the most severe clinical presentation. Sclerotherapy was the most common treatment modality in type 1 reflux (p<0.001). Also, in type 2 and type 4 reflux, sclerotherapy was more preferred than type 3 (p<0.001). Type 4 reflux pattern required mostly radiofrequency ablation, compared with type 3 (28.2% vs 20.5%; p<0.05) after initial diagnosis. Cyanoacrylate glue embolization was the appropriate therapeutic option in only 3.2% of type 4 reflux patients, which was significantly lower than type 3. Conclusion: According to the reflux pattern classification system based on SFJ and malleolar region involvement as practiced in this study, we described a correlation between VCSS, CEAP, BMI, and the extent of venous insufficiency. This correlation with consideration of cosmetic reasons and vein diameter measurements can suggest further treatment modality. Advances in knowledge: We investigated a practical, clinically applicable, and widely accepted standard method for classifying GSV insufficiency. Mapping venous insufficiency with such a system is essential to determine the clinical severity and the most appropriate treatment modality.","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The United States has experienced a steady increase in the rate of opioid overdose deaths during the past two decades. The 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health stated that approximately ten million Americans aged twelve or older reported abusing opioids, and two million people were opioid-dependent
{"title":"Improving the Efficacy of the Medication Assisted Treatment with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)","authors":"Leonard B. Goldstein","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/167","url":null,"abstract":"The United States has experienced a steady increase in the rate of opioid overdose deaths during the past two decades. The 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health stated that approximately ten million Americans aged twelve or older reported abusing opioids, and two million people were opioid-dependent","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a retinal vascular disease that can affect the central retinal vein in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), which causes decreased vision (the second leading cause of blindness after diabetic retinopathy). CRVO is accompanied by retinomacular edema and retinal / peripapillary / iris neovascularization that cause serious complications: absolute neovascular secondary glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal traction detachment, possibly present in both forms of CRVO. Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is often asymptomatic and can be diagnosed accidentally or by retinal control, and is 5 times more common than CRVO. CRVO prophylaxis is done by identifying and appropriate treatment of risk factors (multiple): hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hypercoagulability. RVO treatment, the non-ischemic form, requires the treatment of macular edema with: intravitreal AntiVEGF - Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, repeatedly, cortisone therapy with intravitreal Triamcinolone or Dexamethasone implant, focal / grid laser photocoagulation and / or panretinal photocoagulation. In all cases of RVO, the non-ischemic form, the following are required: clinical surveillance, fluorescein angiography (FA), OCT for immediate detection of progression to the ischemic form. The treatment of RVO, ischemic form, is the treatment of macular edema with repeated intravitreal antiVEGF treatment, corticosteroids, focal laser photocoagulation, grid, pan-photocoagulation indicated in the treatment of exudative ischemic areas with neovessels proliferation. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is an effective treatment for iris peripapillary retinal neovascularization and secondary complications. The current prognosis of RVO is improved by regular examination of OCT-SD, antiVEGF medication, intravitreal cortisone and laser photocoagulation that provide prophylactic and curative treatment of RVO and complications: vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, retinal traction detachment.
{"title":"Clinical-Therapeutic Orientation in Retinal Venous Obstruction","authors":"Lascu Rodica","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/157","url":null,"abstract":"Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a retinal vascular disease that can affect the central retinal vein in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), which causes decreased vision (the second leading cause of blindness after diabetic retinopathy). CRVO is accompanied by retinomacular edema and retinal / peripapillary / iris neovascularization that cause serious complications: absolute neovascular secondary glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal traction detachment, possibly present in both forms of CRVO. Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is often asymptomatic and can be diagnosed accidentally or by retinal control, and is 5 times more common than CRVO. CRVO prophylaxis is done by identifying and appropriate treatment of risk factors (multiple): hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hypercoagulability. RVO treatment, the non-ischemic form, requires the treatment of macular edema with: intravitreal AntiVEGF - Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, repeatedly, cortisone therapy with intravitreal Triamcinolone or Dexamethasone implant, focal / grid laser photocoagulation and / or panretinal photocoagulation. In all cases of RVO, the non-ischemic form, the following are required: clinical surveillance, fluorescein angiography (FA), OCT for immediate detection of progression to the ischemic form. The treatment of RVO, ischemic form, is the treatment of macular edema with repeated intravitreal antiVEGF treatment, corticosteroids, focal laser photocoagulation, grid, pan-photocoagulation indicated in the treatment of exudative ischemic areas with neovessels proliferation. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is an effective treatment for iris peripapillary retinal neovascularization and secondary complications. The current prognosis of RVO is improved by regular examination of OCT-SD, antiVEGF medication, intravitreal cortisone and laser photocoagulation that provide prophylactic and curative treatment of RVO and complications: vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, retinal traction detachment.","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon Lucke-Wold, John L Cerillo, Alexander N Becsey, Brendan P Chernicki, Kevin T Root
The 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic had devastating impacts on healthcare system operations. Disruption of this delicate system led to international healthcare challenges with new policy changes that affected all specialties, including the global spine surgery community. The pandemic disrupted normal spine surgery proceedings, restricting, and postponing elective procedures, which comprise a large proportion of spine surgeries. This disruption may have contributed to significant economic losses for providers and resulted in the prolonged impairment of patients who were forced to postpone their procedures. However, response to the pandemic precipitated new procedural guidelines and practices that prioritize health outcomes and satisfaction. These new changes and innovations are positioned to provide lasting economic and procedural impacts in favor of both providers and patients. Thus, the objective of our review is to explore how spinal surgical practices and post-op recovery changed following COVID-19 and highlight some lasting impacts the pandemic created for future patients.
{"title":"Minimally Invasive Procedures, Perioperative Telemedicine, and Decreased Hospital Stays Following Covid-19 Surgical Restrictions: Spinal Surgery.","authors":"Brandon Lucke-Wold, John L Cerillo, Alexander N Becsey, Brendan P Chernicki, Kevin T Root","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic had devastating impacts on healthcare system operations. Disruption of this delicate system led to international healthcare challenges with new policy changes that affected all specialties, including the global spine surgery community. The pandemic disrupted normal spine surgery proceedings, restricting, and postponing elective procedures, which comprise a large proportion of spine surgeries. This disruption may have contributed to significant economic losses for providers and resulted in the prolonged impairment of patients who were forced to postpone their procedures. However, response to the pandemic precipitated new procedural guidelines and practices that prioritize health outcomes and satisfaction. These new changes and innovations are positioned to provide lasting economic and procedural impacts in favor of both providers and patients. Thus, the objective of our review is to explore how spinal surgical practices and post-op recovery changed following COVID-19 and highlight some lasting impacts the pandemic created for future patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9423447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery has been increasingly proposed a preferred minimally invasive approach for lumbar degenerative pathology. We aimed to report cases with vertebrae coronal fracture (VCF) following OLIF combined with anterolateral single-rod screw fixation (OLIF-AF). Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent minimally invasive OLIF-AF surgery between October, 2017 and February, 2021. Patients with VCF were selected for further analysis. RESULTS: Two patients (0.37%) out of 534 total patients (707 levels) were identified with VCF following OLIF-AF. Both patients presented with severe back pain and radiating to bilateral legs within 10 days after surgery. Both patients were osteoporosis and had improper lumbar motion at early stage postoperative. Managed with conservative treatment, the VCF healed and successful interbody fusion were achieved in both patients. CONCLUSIONS: VCF following OLIF-AF surgery is a rare but anguished complication. The contributing factor may include osteoporosis, overweight and premature improper lumbar motion. Based on these fracture reports, we caution surgeons should repeatedly advise patients to limit lumbar movement at early stage postoperative, especially for osteoporosis patients.
{"title":"Vertebrae Coronal Fracture following Oblique lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Case Report","authors":"J. Zeng, Long Zhao, Xian-di Wang, T. Xie","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/136","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery has been increasingly proposed a preferred minimally invasive approach for lumbar degenerative pathology. We aimed to report cases with vertebrae coronal fracture (VCF) following OLIF combined with anterolateral single-rod screw fixation (OLIF-AF). Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent minimally invasive OLIF-AF surgery between October, 2017 and February, 2021. Patients with VCF were selected for further analysis. RESULTS: Two patients (0.37%) out of 534 total patients (707 levels) were identified with VCF following OLIF-AF. Both patients presented with severe back pain and radiating to bilateral legs within 10 days after surgery. Both patients were osteoporosis and had improper lumbar motion at early stage postoperative. Managed with conservative treatment, the VCF healed and successful interbody fusion were achieved in both patients. CONCLUSIONS: VCF following OLIF-AF surgery is a rare but anguished complication. The contributing factor may include osteoporosis, overweight and premature improper lumbar motion. Based on these fracture reports, we caution surgeons should repeatedly advise patients to limit lumbar movement at early stage postoperative, especially for osteoporosis patients.","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pregnancy is a physiological condition which brings about changes in different systems of the body to support the growing foetus in the uterus. This study was designed to evaluate some of the liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT) activities in the different trimesters of pregnancy. A total of 120 subjects consisting of ninety [90] pregnant women at different trimesters thirty [30] and apparently healthy non-pregnant women (control) in Ikere-Ekiti [30] were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from the subjects after obtaining their consents. Liver function enzymes assay were determined using kinetic methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS computer software version 21.0 and results were presented in tables and figures as mean ± standard deviation. The result showed that the mean AST of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 3.44±1.88, 12.60±5.34, 10.20±4.93 and 8.67±3.37 (IU/L) respectively. The mean ALT of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 3.27±1.75, 14.56±8.71, 11.46±6.08 and 9.33±6.34 (IU/L) respectively. The mean GGT of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 3.60±1.88, 15.14±9.11, 13.22±5.27 and 10.35±7.19 (IU/L) respectively. The mean ALP of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 24.63±10.84, 58.73±24.71, 69.55±25.13 and 82.31±35.69 (IU/L) respectively. The study concludes that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean ALT, AST and GGT of pregnant women (subjects) in the three trimesters compared to non-pregnant women (control). However, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ALP of pregnant women in the 3rd trimester compared to non-pregnant women (control). Liver function tests are important biomedical indicators that reflect any changes in an adult person, and should be routinely investigated during pregnancy to outline any pathologic changes.
{"title":"Assessment of Liver Enzymes in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Ikere-Ekiti","authors":"Omoniwa A.E., Ajayi O.D, Oludare O, Orekoya A","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/155","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is a physiological condition which brings about changes in different systems of the body to support the growing foetus in the uterus. This study was designed to evaluate some of the liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT) activities in the different trimesters of pregnancy. A total of 120 subjects consisting of ninety [90] pregnant women at different trimesters thirty [30] and apparently healthy non-pregnant women (control) in Ikere-Ekiti [30] were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from the subjects after obtaining their consents. Liver function enzymes assay were determined using kinetic methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS computer software version 21.0 and results were presented in tables and figures as mean ± standard deviation. The result showed that the mean AST of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 3.44±1.88, 12.60±5.34, 10.20±4.93 and 8.67±3.37 (IU/L) respectively. The mean ALT of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 3.27±1.75, 14.56±8.71, 11.46±6.08 and 9.33±6.34 (IU/L) respectively. The mean GGT of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 3.60±1.88, 15.14±9.11, 13.22±5.27 and 10.35±7.19 (IU/L) respectively. The mean ALP of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 24.63±10.84, 58.73±24.71, 69.55±25.13 and 82.31±35.69 (IU/L) respectively. The study concludes that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean ALT, AST and GGT of pregnant women (subjects) in the three trimesters compared to non-pregnant women (control). However, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ALP of pregnant women in the 3rd trimester compared to non-pregnant women (control). Liver function tests are important biomedical indicators that reflect any changes in an adult person, and should be routinely investigated during pregnancy to outline any pathologic changes.","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertensive urgency can be expressed as a systolic blood pressure of at least 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of at least 110 mmHg, without correlated end-organ damage. Elevated blood pressure causes endothelial injury by elevating the endothelial permeability and local activation of the clotting cascade (platelet and fibrin deposition), resulting in fibrinoid necrosis and intimal proliferation. In hypertensive urgencies, blood pressure should be lowered over a period of hrs to days with slower reductions in elderly patients to avoid and elevated risk of cerebral or myocardial ischemia resulting from excessively rapid reduction of blood pressure. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Captopril administration is well tolerated and known to be able in decreasing blood pressure in hypertensive urgencies. Its hypotensive effect, when it is taken orally, is evident within 15 to 30 minutes.
{"title":"Treatment of Hypertensive Urgencies","authors":"Gudisa Bereda","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/151","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertensive urgency can be expressed as a systolic blood pressure of at least 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of at least 110 mmHg, without correlated end-organ damage. Elevated blood pressure causes endothelial injury by elevating the endothelial permeability and local activation of the clotting cascade (platelet and fibrin deposition), resulting in fibrinoid necrosis and intimal proliferation. In hypertensive urgencies, blood pressure should be lowered over a period of hrs to days with slower reductions in elderly patients to avoid and elevated risk of cerebral or myocardial ischemia resulting from excessively rapid reduction of blood pressure. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Captopril administration is well tolerated and known to be able in decreasing blood pressure in hypertensive urgencies. Its hypotensive effect, when it is taken orally, is evident within 15 to 30 minutes.","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43232318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Durro, M. Naço, D. Dinkollari, E. Shijaku, S. Saliasi
Introduction: Today, resistant microorganisms to antibiotics are not only encountered in hospitals, but they are also spreading more widely in the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate one of the factors of antibiotic resistance, the administration of antibiotics in the community pharmacies. Materia and method: The study was conducted in an comunity pharmacy. The collected data covers the period of time April - June 2022, including a considerable number of patients and concrete cases. The base for data collection are the prescription of antibiotics by the family doctor and interviews with clients presented at the pharmacy. Results: Referred our data 88.3% of the patients directed to the pharmacy had the doctor's prescription for the required antibiotics and 11.7% do not have it. The most used antibiotic for the period taken in the study is ciprofloxacin, 16%, followed by azithromycin (15.5%) and amoxiclav (10.9%). According to doctor's specialty, the most of antibiotic prescriptions were from urologist doctor 18.6% , followed by the pulmonologist 16.8% and the family doctor 15.9%. Conclusions: Most of antibiotic are prescribe by doctor based in their experience and not to laboratory test results. In this situation is very important and urgent needs review national plan and protocols of antibiotic used in treatment of infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antibiotic Administration in Community Pharamacy","authors":"V. Durro, M. Naço, D. Dinkollari, E. Shijaku, S. Saliasi","doi":"10.31579/2692-9392/143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/143","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Today, resistant microorganisms to antibiotics are not only encountered in hospitals, but they are also spreading more widely in the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate one of the factors of antibiotic resistance, the administration of antibiotics in the community pharmacies. Materia and method: The study was conducted in an comunity pharmacy. The collected data covers the period of time April - June 2022, including a considerable number of patients and concrete cases. The base for data collection are the prescription of antibiotics by the family doctor and interviews with clients presented at the pharmacy. Results: Referred our data 88.3% of the patients directed to the pharmacy had the doctor's prescription for the required antibiotics and 11.7% do not have it. The most used antibiotic for the period taken in the study is ciprofloxacin, 16%, followed by azithromycin (15.5%) and amoxiclav (10.9%). According to doctor's specialty, the most of antibiotic prescriptions were from urologist doctor 18.6% , followed by the pulmonologist 16.8% and the family doctor 15.9%. Conclusions: Most of antibiotic are prescribe by doctor based in their experience and not to laboratory test results. In this situation is very important and urgent needs review national plan and protocols of antibiotic used in treatment of infections.","PeriodicalId":72284,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical case reports and case study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48665490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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