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Achieving higher spatial resolution in complex amplitude modulation using a pixel shift-based dual-phase modulation method
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00949-0
Jianglian Wang, Atsushi Okamoto, Yuta Goto, Akihisa Tomita

This paper proposes a novel pixel shift-based dual-phase modulation method (PS-DPMM) designed to enhance the spatial resolution of complex amplitude modulations. Conventional techniques, including off-axis computer-generated holograms (CGH), double-phase holograms (DPH), and kinoforms, often encounter issues like low diffraction efficiency, limited spatial resolution, and high speckle noise. Although the dual-phase modulation method (DPMM), which employs two spatial light modulators (SLMs), achieves high diffraction efficiency, its spatial resolution is constrained by the intrinsic pixel size and resolution of the SLM. To overcome this limitation, we propose the PS-DPMM, an extension of the DPMM that introduces a 1/2-pixel shift between two SLMs. Although this sacrifices a portion of the modulation performance, it effectively improves the spatial resolution of complex amplitude modulation by nearly doubling. Through numerical simulations and experimental validation, we demonstrate that the PS-DPMM attains almost twice the spatial resolution of conventional methods while maintaining a relatively high-quality modulation. This approach provides a promising solution for advancing high-spatial-resolution SLM-based complex amplitude modulation with potential applications in holographic displays, fiber-optic systems, and other fields requiring high spatial resolution wavefront control.

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引用次数: 0
Numerical simulations of optimized MSD multiplication on ternary optical computer
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00947-2
Mei Li, Shu Chun Qu

Multiplication is a fundamental operation in computer systems but is often constrained by the carry-delay inherent to conventional addition methods. Ternary optical computing offers an efficient solution, leveraging its advantages such as large data capacity, reconfigurable processing, and MSD adder without carry-delay. This study introduces and develops a modified signed digit (MSD) multiplication routine. The proposed MSD multiplication algorithm is thoroughly analyzed, employing M-transformations to generate partial products and an optimization method designed to minimize processing time. The final product is computed using an MSD adder with four transformations: T, T', W, and W', to aggregate all partial products. Additionally, a pipelining strategy is introduced to further enhance performance. The routine’s construction steps are outlined, followed by extensive simulation experiments to validate its accuracy. The results demonstrate strong consistency and alignment with theoretical predictions. Finally, a comparative analysis with traditional electronic computers indicates superior performance of the proposed MSD multiplication routine.

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引用次数: 0
Super-resolution human-silhouette imaging by joint optimization of coded illumination and reconstruction network: a simulation study
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00946-3
Shunsuke Sakoda, Tomoya Nakamura, Yasushi Yagi

In surveillance camera systems and other human-image analysis systems, it is important to measure human shapes with high resolution. However, the spatial resolution and image quality achievable through approaches based solely on optical design and image processing are fundamentally limited by hardware constraints and the inherent difficulty of the inverse problems involved. To overcome these limitations, we propose a super resolution imaging system for human silhouettes based on a jointly-optimized design involving coded illumination patterns and reconstruction networks. Our proposed method allows for the acquisition of human silhouette data with improved sampling resolution without modifying the camera hardware. We quantitatively demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method through simulations and also through optical experiments using a projector and a camera.

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引用次数: 0
A terahertz polarization filter based on non-uniform thickness dielectric twin-tube 基于非均匀厚度介电双管的太赫兹偏振滤波器
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00943-6
Peng Zhang, Chun-Kai Chen, Chun-Fang Rao, Xing-Fang Luo, Wen-Jie Zhang, Hua Wang, Yuan-Feng Zhu

A simple-structured total internal reflection terahertz filter based on a microstructured optical fiber is proposed in this paper, consisting of two non-uniform thickness dielectric tubes symmetrically nested within an outer cladding. The investigation uses the finite element method and the simulation results show that the x-polarized fundamental mode (XPFM) is well confined within the fiber core, while the lowest-loss higher-order mode (LL-HOM) exhibits significant loss, and y-polarized fundamental mode (YPFM) exhibits even greater loss. Specifically, the loss difference between the XPFM and the LL-HOM is 15.39 dB/cm at 1 THz. After a 2 cm transmission length, the LL-HOM achieves an extinction ratio of 30 dB, while the insertion loss of the XPFM is only 0.67 dB. Furthermore, when the length of the filter is fixed at 4.1 cm, stable single-mode transmission of the XPFM is maintained over the frequency range from 0.755 THz to 1.075 THz, with the insertion loss of the XPFM remaining below 1.5 dB. The proposed filter demonstrates excellent fabrication tolerance and holds significant potential for applications in terahertz systems.

本文提出了一种基于微结构光纤的简单结构全内反射太赫兹滤波器,该滤波器由两个非均匀厚度的介质管对称嵌套在外包层中组成。采用有限元方法进行了研究,仿真结果表明,x偏振基模(XPFM)被很好地限制在光纤芯内,而损耗最低的高阶模(hl - hom)损耗较大,y偏振基模(YPFM)损耗更大。具体来说,XPFM和LL-HOM在1thz时的损耗差为15.39 dB/cm。在2 cm的传输长度后,LL-HOM的消光比达到30 dB,而XPFM的插入损耗仅为0.67 dB。此外,当滤波器长度固定为4.1 cm时,XPFM在0.755 ~ 1.075 THz的频率范围内保持稳定的单模传输,XPFM的插入损耗保持在1.5 dB以下。所提出的滤波器具有良好的制造公差,在太赫兹系统中具有重要的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Generation of switchable multi-wavelength solitons in a fiber laser mode locked by MoS2-wrapped microfiber 二硫化钼包覆微光纤锁模光纤激光中可切换多波长孤子的产生
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00942-z
Guangyuan Duan, Wenlei Li, Ruping Lin, Feifei Lu, Gaoli Geng, Yao Zhao, Xinliang Wang, Jian Xu

In this paper, a switchable multi-wavelength fiber laser mode locked by molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film wrapped microfiber is demonstrated. By tuning intra-cavity loss and linear birefringence, switchable single-, double-, and triple-wavelength conventional solitons (CSs) are formed. Additionally, quadruple-wavelength solitons with center wavelengths of 1528 nm, 1532 nm, 1552 nm, and 1562 nm are realized by precisely adjusting the polarization controller (PC) and pump power. Experimental results demonstrate that this compact and versatile multi-wavelength soliton laser has significant potential for various applications.

本文介绍了一种由二硫化钼(MoS2)薄膜包裹的超细光纤锁模的可切换多波长光纤激光器。通过调整腔内损耗和线性双折射,可以形成可切换的单波长、双波长和三波长传统孤子。通过精确调节偏振控制器(PC)和泵浦功率,可实现中心波长为1528 nm、1532 nm、1552 nm和1562 nm的四波长孤子。实验结果表明,这种结构紧凑、用途广泛的多波长孤子激光器具有广阔的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Underwater image enhancement via adaptive white-balancing and multi-restoration image fusion 基于自适应白平衡和多重恢复图像融合的水下图像增强
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00941-0
Genping Zhao, Yuanhao Xiao, Canheng Huang, Zhuowei Wang, Heng Wu

Underwater images often suffer from color shift and visual blur due to light absorption and scattering in the water medium. An adaptive image enhancement method is proposed for underwater image quality improvement. First, adaptive color compensation is proposed based on the color features of the image, and selectively apply the gray world assumption according to the degree of color unevenness. Second, we use the color correction result combined with a rough estimation of ambient light and medium transmission map to restore the brightness and contrast of the underwater image. Next, based on different ambient light estimation values, we obtain multiple restoration results with different local features. Finally, we introduce the well-known multi-scale fusion strategy, using gradient matrix as weight, to fuse multiple restoration results. Extensive experiments on natural and synthetic underwater image datasets show that our method is robust in underwater image enhancement to achieve color, high contrast, moderate brightness in various complex underwater environments. Moreover, its effectiveness is also verified in the applications of underwater image saliency detection and natural image enhancement.

由于光在水介质中的吸收和散射,水下图像往往会出现色移和视觉模糊。提出了一种提高水下图像质量的自适应图像增强方法。首先,提出了基于图像颜色特征的自适应色彩补偿方法,并根据图像颜色不均匀程度选择性地应用灰色世界假设;其次,结合对环境光和介质透射图的粗略估计,利用色彩校正结果恢复水下图像的亮度和对比度。然后,基于不同的环境光估计值,得到具有不同局部特征的多个恢复结果。最后,我们引入了众所周知的多尺度融合策略,以梯度矩阵为权重,融合多个恢复结果。在自然和合成水下图像数据集上的大量实验表明,该方法具有鲁棒性,可以在各种复杂的水下环境中实现彩色、高对比度、中等亮度的水下图像增强。在水下图像显著性检测和自然图像增强等方面的应用也验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring of size and dynamics of thrombus in artificial blood flow using laser speckle image analysis 用激光散斑图像分析监测人工血流中血栓的大小和动态
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00938-9
Naomichi Yokoi, Yoshihisa Aizu

The formation of thrombus in blood may be a cause of thrombosis which induces symptoms, such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and economy class syndrome. Recently, investigations on blood flows inside artificial blood vessel and artificial organ have been performed energetically for clinical application. Thus, in vitro monitoring of thrombogenesis in blood flow inside them is thought to be essential to optimize their function for stable blood perfusion in such as artificial dialysis system and blood transfusion system. In the present study, we propose a method for monitoring the size and dynamics of thrombus in artificial blood flow using speckle patterns obtained under the illumination of coherent light. We experimentally discuss the spatial and temporal variation information on speckle patterns in relation to the size and dynamics of thrombus, respectively, under illumination of a laser diode. The above information contributes to the quantification of degree of thrombogenesis. Experimental results show the feasibility of the present method for in vitro monitoring of the formation of thrombus in artificial blood flow.

血液中血栓的形成可能是血栓形成的原因之一,血栓形成可诱发心肌梗死、脑梗死、经济舱综合征等症状。近年来,对人工血管和人工器官内血流的研究已成为临床应用的热点。因此,体外监测其内部血流中的血栓形成被认为是优化其功能以稳定血液灌注的必要条件,如人工透析系统和输血系统。在本研究中,我们提出了一种在相干光照射下获得的斑点模式来监测人工血流中血栓的大小和动态的方法。在激光二极管的照射下,我们实验地讨论了与血栓大小和动态相关的散斑模式的时空变化信息。上述信息有助于血栓形成程度的量化。实验结果表明,该方法对人工血流中血栓形成的体外监测是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation on temperature rise using ring-resonator-type device for heat-assisted magnetic recording 使用环形谐振器型器件进行热辅助磁记录的温升模拟
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00939-8
Ryuichi Katayama, Satoshi Sugiura

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a promising technology for improving the recording density of hard disk drives. A near-field transducer (NFT), which forms a small light spot on a recording medium, is necessary in HAMR. The authors’ group previously proposed a novel device, in which a metal nano-antenna acting as an NFT is attached to a semiconductor ring resonator acting as a light source via a dielectric spacer. In this study, the temperature rise including the recording medium using this device was analyzed through the combination of optical and thermal simulations. To reduce the temperature rise of the nano-antenna while heating the recording layer to the Curie temperature, the following two methods were used: first, the nano-antenna length and the spacer thickness were optimized. Second, a heat spreader, which surrounds the nano-antenna, was introduced. The nano-antenna was made of Au, and the spacer and heat spreader were made of SiO2. When the peak temperature of the recording layer was 800 K, the temperature of the nano-antenna was 3350 K without the above methods, but it was significantly reduced to 400 K with the above methods. This is a sufficiently low value to keep the hardness of the nano-antenna. On the other hand, the thermal spot size in the recording layer was slightly increased from 62 × 64 nm2 to 67 × 72 nm2 by the above methods.

热辅助磁记录(HAMR)是一种很有前途的提高硬盘记录密度的技术。在HAMR中,近场换能器(NFT)是必需的,它在记录介质上形成一个小光点。作者小组先前提出了一种新的装置,其中金属纳米天线作为NFT通过介电间隔连接到作为光源的半导体环形谐振器上。在本研究中,通过光学和热模拟相结合的方法分析了使用该装置的记录介质的温升。为了降低记录层加热至居里温度时纳米天线的温升,采用了以下两种方法:一是优化纳米天线的长度和间隔层厚度;其次,介绍了围绕纳米天线的散热片。纳米天线由Au材料制成,间隔片和散热片由SiO2材料制成。当记录层的峰值温度为800 K时,未采用上述方法的纳米天线的温度为3350 K,而采用上述方法的纳米天线的温度明显降低到400 K。这是一个足够低的值,以保持纳米天线的硬度。另一方面,通过上述方法,记录层的热斑尺寸从62 × 64 nm2略微增加到67 × 72 nm2。
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引用次数: 0
Viewing zone of aerial hollow face illusion evoked by use a 3D object as a light source for AIRR optical system 利用三维物体作为AIRR光学系统光源所产生的空中空脸错觉的视区
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00937-w
Takumi Watanabe, Hiroki Takatsuka, Shiro Suyama, Hirotsugu Yamamoto

An aerial 3D image formed by the use of a 3D-shaped light source gives a greater sense of reality compared to the conventional aerial 2D image. In particular, an aerial image of hollow face evokes a kind of illusion that the direction of the face changes depending on the viewing direction. In this study, we investigate the viewing zone of an aerial 3D display that employs a 3D object as a light source in aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR) optical system. The viewing zone is defined by the minimum observation distance and viewing angle where the entire width of the aerial 3D image is visible. The Formulae for the viewing zone are derived and confirmed experimentally. 3D objects in various shapes are used in the experiments. The aerial 3D image of each object was observed in the corresponding viewing zone. Hollow face illusion was evoked even under binocular observation. We have clarified the optical design of our proposed AIRR optical system for hollow face illusion.

与传统的航空2D图像相比,使用3D形状光源形成的航空3D图像具有更大的真实感。特别是空脸的航拍照片,会让人产生脸部方向随观看方向变化的错觉。在这项研究中,我们研究了采用三维物体作为光源的航空三维显示器的视场区域,该显示器采用反向反射(AIRR)光学系统进行航空成像。观测区域由最小观测距离和观测角度定义,其中航拍3D图像的整个宽度可见。推导了视区计算公式,并进行了实验验证。实验中使用了各种形状的三维物体。在相应的观测区观测每个目标的航空三维图像。在双眼观察下也会产生空心脸错觉。我们明确了我们提出的空脸错觉AIRR光学系统的光学设计。
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引用次数: 0
High-speed blood flow measurement based on a continuous laser-assisted nonlinear photoacoustic 基于连续激光辅助非线性光声的高速血流测量
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00935-y
Ziyi Ke, Qixin Liu, Minglong Hu, Junjie Zhou, Shilin Ren, Yingchun Ding, Liang Yin

Nonlinear photoacoustic-based methods for measuring high-speed blood flow velocity typically use a single-pulse laser or a dual-pulse laser system with high repetition rate to achieve thermal tagging and acoustic excitation at the same time. However, the peak power of the pulsed laser is too high and can easily exceed the damage threshold, causing the blood to be overheated, which limits the application of this method in living tissue. In this paper, we propose and confirm a method of detecting high-speed blood flow with a low-power continuous laser-assisted nonlinear photoacoustic. We first establish a model of the relationship between the attenuation of Gruneisen parameters and velocity. Based on this, we further develop a theoretical relationship between the change of photoacoustic signal and the blood velocity. Then we used a low-power continuous laser for thermal tagging and a low repetition rate of pulsed laser to excite photoacoustic signals in the experiment. After calibration, the results show that the velocity measured by this method is in good agreement with the actual velocity and the highest flow velocity can be measured was 100 mm/s under our experimental conditions.

基于非线性光声的高速血流速度测量方法通常采用高重复率的单脉冲激光或双脉冲激光系统,同时实现热标记和声激励。然而,脉冲激光的峰值功率太高,很容易超过损伤阈值,导致血液过热,这限制了该方法在活组织中的应用。在本文中,我们提出并证实了一种用低功率连续激光辅助非线性光声检测高速血流的方法。首先建立了Gruneisen参数衰减与速度的关系模型。在此基础上,进一步建立了光声信号变化与血流速度的理论关系。实验采用低功率连续激光进行热标记,低重复频率脉冲激光激发光声信号。标定结果表明,该方法测得的流速与实际流速吻合较好,在本实验条件下可测得的最高流速为100 mm/s。
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引用次数: 0
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Optical Review
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