Brain, behavior, & immunity - health最新文献

{"title":"Genetic association of the kynurenine pathway to suicidal behavior","authors":"Rabah Tamimou ,&nbsp;Christine Montout ,&nbsp;Thibault Mura ,&nbsp;Ismael Conejero ,&nbsp;Alexandre Evrard ,&nbsp;Philippe Courtet ,&nbsp;Pablo Bonilla-Escribano ,&nbsp;Carlos Riaza ,&nbsp;Concepción Vaquero-Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Enrique Baca-Garcia ,&nbsp;Fabrice Jollant ,&nbsp;Serge Lumbroso ,&nbsp;Kevin Mouzat ,&nbsp;Jorge Lopez-Castroman","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suicidal behavior has been associated with dysfunctions in the kynurenine pathway, including alterations in the levels of neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites. Changes in the catalytic activity of enzymes within the pathway may contribute significantly. Variations in the genes encoding enzymes within the pathway can significantly affect their catalytic activity, playing a crucial role in the process. To explore this possibility, we hypothesized that these genetic variations would occur more frequently in patients with a history of suicidal behavior compared to non-suicidal individuals. Thus, we investigated the relationship between a history of suicide attempts and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in the kynurenine pathway: <em>IDO1</em> (rs7820268), <em>IDO2</em> (rs10109853), <em>KMO</em> (rs1053230), <em>KAT1</em> (rs10988134), and <em>ACSMD</em> (rs2121337). Our sample comprised 849 subjects: 325 individuals who had attempted suicide in their lifetime (SAs), 99 individuals with a history of major depression disorder but no previous suicide attempts (non-SAs), and 425 non-psychiatric controls (CTRL). We performed SNP association analyses using codominant, dominant, and recessive models. Adjustment for sex and multiple comparisons was applied. After adjustment, the analysis revealed that SAs showed a significantly higher frequency of T alleles and TT genotypes of the rs1053230 SNP compared to CTRL across nearly all models. Furthermore, in the recessive model, non-SAs displayed a higher prevalence of the TT genotype of the rs10109853 SNP compared to CTRL.</div><div>The rs1053230 and rs10109853 SNPs could play a role in the previously observed metabolic dysregulation among SAs and non-SAs, respectively. To validate our findings, it is crucial to conduct functional analyses to investigate the impact of rs10109853 and rs1053230 SNPs on the expression and/or catalytic activity of the corresponding enzymes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin-brain dialogue in auto-inflammatory diseases: A new route to biomarkers?","authors":"S. Matar ,&nbsp;S. Aractingi ,&nbsp;R. Gaillard ,&nbsp;A.-C. Petit","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoinflammatory diseases (AID) are rare systemic inflammatory disorders due to monogenic or polygenic dysfunction of innate immunity. They affect many organs including the brain and the skin. The spectrum of these diseases has been rapidly expanding recently due to newly developed diagnostic tools. The neuro-immuno-endocrine-cutaneous interactions play an important role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. The skin-brain interplay is not fully investigated in AID and evidence supporting bidirectional communication is examined. This article provides an overview of the current state of the art in the pathophysiology of AID with cutaneous and psychiatric manifestations. Elucidating the neuro-immuno-endocrine-cutaneous dysregulation underlying pathophysiology of AID is promising for determining future biomarkers and therapeutic options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing HCoV-OC43 to better understand the neurological impact of COVID-19","authors":"Catherine LaCourse","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its fifth year, research tools to study the SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) virus are critical, and many researchers have turned to another beta coronavirus: HCoV-OC43 (OC43). OC43 is a ubiquitous pathogen that now causes a common cold, but its emergence in 1890 closely coincided with and likely produced the catastrophic Russian Flu pandemic. Beyond their historical parallels, OC43 and CoV-2 share similar genetics and disease sequelae. Both viruses induce respiratory symptoms. Additionally, OC43 infection can result in acute neurological dysfunction in children, and exposure to OC43 has been linked to long-term neurological disorders in adults. Similarly, CoV-2 can produce acute neuropathology and the phenomenon of prolonged symptoms known as Long-COVID that typically impacts the brain. Mouse models have been developed to study the pathogenesis of both OC43 and CoV-2, thereby facilitating research on the neurological sequelae associated with either infection. These models have been further utilized to test therapeutic interventions against both viruses, as researchers seek to establish the potential for using OC43 as a proxy for CoV-2. Further, because mouse models of the two betacoronaviruses exhibit neurological sequelae, using OC43 likely could provide insight into the impact of COVID-19 on the brain. OC43 requires a lower biosafety level than CoV-2, which makes it accessible to more researchers resulting in expeditious scientific progress in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why PNI scientists need to engage in exploratory hypothesis-generating biomarker studies","authors":"Bianka Karshikoff","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-omics research is developing rapidly, offering extensive sample analysis options and advanced statistical solutions to identify and understand complex networks of biomarkers. This review encourages groups in the psychoneuroimmunology field with limited experience in <em>omics</em> research to embrace these advances. Cross-sectional studies can leverage existing sample collections to provide unique information that complements longitudinal studies, providing insights into which biological systems may warrant further investigation and building fundamental mechanistic knowledge of biological networks. The understanding of immune-brain interactions should inform ongoing developments in exploratory, hypothesis-generating research. Disregarding psychoneuroimmunological aspects may have led to challenges in some prior biomarker research. Moving forward, a more nuanced perspective on inflammation and psychological comorbidity is needed. The first steps in the conceptualization of an explorative cross-sectional <em>omics</em> study are discussed from a pragmatic perspective, highlighting who we choose to study and what we choose to measure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EBNA-1 and VCA-p18 immunoglobulin markers link Epstein-Barr virus immune response and brain’s myelin content to fatigue in a community-dwelling cohort","authors":"Mihály Gayer ,&nbsp;Zhi Ming Xu ,&nbsp;Flavia Hodel ,&nbsp;Martin Preisig ,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli ,&nbsp;Peter Vollenweider ,&nbsp;Julien Vaucher ,&nbsp;Antoine Lutti ,&nbsp;Ferath Kherif ,&nbsp;Iris-Katharina Penner ,&nbsp;Renaud Du Pasquier ,&nbsp;Jacques Fellay ,&nbsp;Bogdan Draganski","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with subjective perception of fatigue and demyelination in clinical conditions, the question about potential subclinical effects in the adult general population remains open. We investigate the association between individuals’ EBV immune response and perceived fatigue in a community dwelling cohort (n = 864, age 62 ± 10 years old; 49% women) while monitoring brain tissue properties. Fatigue levels are assessed with the established fatigue severity scale, the EBNA-1 and VCA p18 immunoglobulin G (IgG) chronic response – with multiplex serology and the estimates of local brain volume, myelin content, and axonal density - using relaxometry- and multi-shell diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In our analysis we adjust for the effects of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, sleep apnea, depression, and polygenic risk score for multiple sclerosis<strong>.</strong> We demonstrate that EBNA-1 IgG levels are positively associated with perceived levels of fatigue, whilst VCA p18 IgG levels show a positive correlation with myelin content and a negative one with an estimate of axonal g-ratio in male participants. In the context of EBVs immune response, the polygenic risk for multiple sclerosis is not associated with increased fatigue levels, brain myelination or atrophy. Our findings bring empirical evidence about the potential role of EBVs chronic immune response in perceived fatigue and hint towards a protective role of myelination specific for men. They underscore the added value of advanced assessment of brain tissue microstructure in uncovering the mechanisms behind frequent fatigue complaints associated with EBV infection and multiple sclerosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in total and differential white blood cell counts and in inflammatory parameters between psychiatric inpatients with and without recent consumption of cannabinoids, opioids, or cocaine: A retrospective single-center study","authors":"Vicent Llorca-Bofí ,&nbsp;Maria Mur ,&nbsp;Maria Font ,&nbsp;Roberto Palacios-Garrán ,&nbsp;Maite Sellart ,&nbsp;Enrique del Agua-Martínez ,&nbsp;Miquel Bioque ,&nbsp;Gara Arteaga-Henríquez","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several drugs of abuse may exert their action by modulating the immune system. Despite this, individuals using substances of abuse are often excluded from immunopsychiatry studies. We conducted a retrospective, single-center study to examine differences in circulating immune/inflammatory parameters (i.e., total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein) between psychiatric inpatients with a positive urine test to cannabinoids, opioids, or cocaine, and those with negative toxicology. A total of 927 inpatients were included. Patients with positive toxicology (n = 208) had significantly higher WBC counts (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02), as well as increased neutrophils (<em>P</em> = 0.002, <em>η</em>²p = 0.01), monocytes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02), lymphocytes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02), and eosinophils (<em>P</em> = 0.01, <em>η</em>²p = 0.01) compared to those with negative toxicology (n = 719). The increase in neutrophil counts was particularly evident in patients who tested positive for cannabinoids (n = 168; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02). In contrast, eosinophil counts were particularly increased in the cocaine-positive subgroup (n = 27; <em>P</em> = 0.004, <em>η</em>²p = 0.01). Patients with a positive urine test to opioids (n = 13) were characterized by a significantly lower MLR (<em>P</em> = 0.03, <em>η</em>²p = 0.005). The type of psychiatric diagnosis moderated the differences in neutrophil counts between patients with a positive and negative toxicology to cannabinoids. Notably, significantly higher neutrophil counts were found only in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.03). Taken together, our findings suggest that drugs of abuse may differently impact the immune/inflammatory response system in individuals diagnosed with psychiatric conditions. Specifically, recent cannabinoids use may be associated with an acute activation of the inflammatory response system, particularly in individuals with a psychotic disorder, while cocaine and opioid use may be associated with eosinophilia and a decrease in the MLR, respectively, regardless of the primary psychiatric diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting glycolysis for neuroprotection in early LPS-induced neuroinflammation","authors":"Adriana Fernanda K. Vizuete ,&nbsp;Fernanda Fróes ,&nbsp;Marina Seady ,&nbsp;Aline Castro Caurio ,&nbsp;Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior ,&nbsp;Ana Karla Oliveira Leite ,&nbsp;Clarissa Penha Farias ,&nbsp;Angela T.S. Wyse ,&nbsp;Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroinflammation is a pathophysiological feature of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. The immune response in the central nervous system, driven by microglia and astrocytes, leads to metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. The control of metabolic reprogramming via immunomodulation may represent a potential therapeutic target for providing protection against neuroinflammation, which contributes to neuronal dysfunction and death in several neurological disorders. For this purpose, we investigated putative neuroprotective effects of the downregulation of aerobic glycolysis using the 3PO inhibitor, and the downregulation of neuroinflammation using MCC950, in the early LPS-induced neuroinflammation model. The LPS-induced shift towards glycolysis, inflammatory and glial changes (IL-1β, NF-κB, COX2, Iba1, GFAP) were reversed by 3PO, which improved animal behavior. Additionally, MCC950 (an NLRP3 inhibitor) downregulated TLR4/Akt/p38 MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling, expressions of COX2 and IL-1β, and the astrocyte reactivity (decreasing GFAP) induced by early neuroinflammation, resulting in low glucose uptake. Our data support the occurrence of the Warburg effect during early neuroinflammation and suggest potential new approaches for the treatment of brain injury, given the role of neuroinflammation in such events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of TRPV1+ nociceptive neurons communication to macrophages against T. cruzi infection in mice","authors":"Sergio M. Borghi ,&nbsp;Aparecida D. Malvezi ,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Lovo-Martins ,&nbsp;Victor Fattori ,&nbsp;Tiago H. Zaninelli ,&nbsp;Mariana M. Bertozzi ,&nbsp;Camila R. Ferraz ,&nbsp;Thiago M. Cunha ,&nbsp;Rubia Casagrande ,&nbsp;Marli C. Martins-Pinge ,&nbsp;Phileno Pinge-Filho ,&nbsp;Waldiceu A. Verri Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chagas’ disease is a life-threatening condition caused by <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>. Patients with chronic disease may develop gastrointestinal, neurological, or associated neuro-digestive dysfunctions. CNS invasion by <em>T. cruzi</em> can occur in the acute phase, and its presence in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid was reported. <em>T. cruzi</em> induces nociceptor neuron activation and pain. Nociceptive neurons and macrophage interact in diseases, and this neuroimmune communication has a pivotal role in disease outcome. We investigated, the role of TRPV1⁺ neurons in experimental <em>T. cruzi</em> infection in mice. <em>T. cruzi</em> forms were observed in the DRG and spinal cord in early stages of acute infection, and intrathecal administration of <em>T. cruzi</em> antigens into spinal cord induced pain. <em>Trpv1</em> mRNA expression was increased in the DRG of infected mice and targeting TRPV1 reduced <em>T. cruzi</em>-induced pain. TRPV1 nociceptor ablation increased blood parasitemia while TRPV1 knockout mice presented 50% mortality upon infection in a normally non-lethal model. TRPV1 knockout also worsened clinical outcomes (hepatomegaly and megacecum), increased plasmatic Th2 cytokines and nitrite in cardiac tissue, and reduced heart leukocyte infiltration. Conditioned media of capsaicin-stimulated DRG neurons decreased macrophage internalization of <em>T. cruzi</em>, and CGRP receptor antagonism in infected mice reduced pain, increased early parasitemia and promoted 18% mortality. This indicates that soluble mediators released upon nociceptor activation such as CGRP increase macrophage ability to control disease outcome. These data unveil TRPV1⁺ neurons release CGRP to limit macrophage internalization of <em>T. cruzi</em>, triggering protective mechanisms against <em>T. cruzi</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BDNF methylation associated with stress in women: Novel insights in epigenetics and inflammation","authors":"Luciana Fungaro Rissatti ,&nbsp;David Wilson ,&nbsp;Fanny Palace-Berl ,&nbsp;Bárbara de Mello Ponteciano ,&nbsp;Flávia Sardela de Miranda ,&nbsp;Ivana Alece Arantes Moreno ,&nbsp;Tamires dos Santos Vieira ,&nbsp;Bruna Pereira Sorroche ,&nbsp;Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista Arantes ,&nbsp;Adriana Madeira Alvares da Silva ,&nbsp;Vânia D'Almeida ,&nbsp;Marcelo Demarzo ,&nbsp;Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene plays an important role in modulating the stress-response axis and inflammation, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. BNDF methylation has been associated with stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress. Previous studies have reported that stressful events are involved with long-lasting alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) of the BNDF exon IV promoter, suggesting that glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines can regulate this process. We previously found that perceived psychological stress is modulated by inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10, and IL-12p70, suggesting their role in mediating the stress response. However, the epigenetic mechanism mediating this response has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we propose that high perceived stress and high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines may correlate with specific methylation sites within the BNDF exon IV promoter. To address these questions, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 82 adult women teachers working in basic education in Brazil. The perceived stress scale was used to assess stress and blood samples were collected for the measurement of inflammatory markers and BNDF methylation through flow cytometry assay and DNA pyrosequencing, respectively. We detected differentially methylated CpG sites in the <em>BNDF</em> gene, where 5 CpG sites were directly correlated with high stress levels. However, 4 CpG sites showed inverse effects, indicating that changes in methylation levels in those sites could lead to a protective effect on perceived stress. About inflammatory markers, IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with high perceived stress. However, only IL-8 and IL-10 showed simultaneous modulation of perceived stress, while IL-10 and IL12p70 correlated with DNAm. We found that higher levels in IL-10 and IL-12p70 serum decrease methylation in CpG11. A direct relationship was also found to IL-12p70, where higher levels in serum increase methylation in CpG5 and 13, respectively. Taken as a whole, our findings reinforce the hypothesis regarding stress-sensitive regions within the BDNF gene, mainly for CpG5, 11, and 13. In addition to these results, CpG7 and 9 may be regarded as stress-protective regions. Our data suggest that BDNF DNAm in the blood may represent a novel biomarker for early detection of adverse effects of chronic exposure to stress in healthy individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic stress modulates the expression level of leptin and leptin receptors in the hypothalamus of male rats with a history of maternal stress","authors":"Roya Hosseini ,&nbsp;Sara Emadian ,&nbsp;Manijeh Dogani ,&nbsp;Touba Ghazanfari ,&nbsp;Nayere Askari","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activity of different neurotransmitter pathways in the hypothalamus controls the stress response. Meanwhile, leptin is known as an effective mediator in the stress response, and its serum and brain levels change when exposed to stressful factors. In this study, the effect of chronic social instability stress (INS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on anxiety-like behavioral responses and the level of expression of leptin and its receptor in the brain of male Wistar rats that were under maternal stress (MS) were investigated. Grouping: control (n = 7), MS (n = 7), INS (n = 7), CUS (n = 7), MS + INS (n = 7), MS + CUS (n = 7). Forced swimming, elevated plus-maze, and open field tests were used to check anxiety-like behaviors. Next, the mRNA expression of leptin and its receptor in the hypothalamus was measured by Real-Time PCR. According to the results, adult rats with maternal stress showed an increase in their anxiety-like behaviors faced with the stress of chronic social instability and chronic unpredictable stress (compared to the groups that only received adult stresses). Also, the hypothalamic expression of leptin decreased, but we saw an increase in the expression of hypothalamic leptin receptors in INS, CUS, and MS groups and a decrease in MS + INS and MS + CUS groups. Results of this research suggest that leptin plays a role as an effective mediator in the occurrence of central and behavioral changes caused by maternal stress. In other words, it can be effective in changing resilience in the face of adult stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}