Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine最新文献

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in slaughterhouses in the state of Ceará using spatial distribution and flow network analysis. Four slaughterhouses were sampled in Ceará: two under municipal inspection and two under state inspection. Blood samples were randomly collected from bovine animals, resulting in a total of 964 samples. The collected sera were subjected to the Acidified Buffered Antigen (AAT) test, and the complement fixation test (FC) was performed for positive cases. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to 38 producers who slaughter animals at the sampled facilities to assess the risk factors for brucellosis. An apparent prevalence of 1.55% (15) was found in the AAT test and 0.2% (n=2) in the FC test. A higher percentage of reactive animals was observed (66.6%) in properties where cattle farming is not the main activity, with OR = 4.75. The absence of contact with neighboring animals is a factor associated with protection, with a lower prevalence of seroreactive animals (23.5%) when animals were raised without contact with others (OR = 0.30). Therefore, bovine brucellosis in herds and animals can be considered low in the studied region and under all production systems. Nevertheless, despite the importance of this disease to the economic and public health aspects and the advances of the PNCEBT Program, brucellosis is still circulating in Ceará.

Due to the scarcity of information on Breton horses, the objective was to study hematobiochemical values of this breed. Blood samples were collected from 29 Bretons, males and females, of different ages, in Brasília-DF, distributed into groups, according to age, without distinction of sex (G1): animals from 4 to 9 years old (n=16) and (G2): from 10 to 26 years old (n=13). The horses were also distributed into males and females for comparisons between the sexes. Values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, creatinine, and urea were statistically higher in females. Fibrinogen was higher in males. Lymphocyte values were higher in G1, but mean corpuscular volume, monocytes, neutrophils, and GGT in G2 were higher than G1. The hematocrit value differed between the ages of the females and was higher than that of the males, while the older male animals showed higher values than the young animals. Females presented lower platelet values than males, with older females having higher platelet values than younger females, in the same way as males. G1 females had the highest leukocyte values. The leukocyte values in males of G2 were higher than those of G1. This same behavior occurred for lymphocytes, eosinophils, and creatine kinase. Considering the albumin and aspartate aminotransferase variables, females had the highest values in the group of animals aged 4 to 9 years. Bretons are considered cold-blooded animals, which is consistent with the observed blood count values. However, it is concluded that these horses have biochemical values similar to warm-blooded breeds.

Tetanus is a distressing and often fatal disease caused by exotoxins released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Clostridium tetani is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and domestic animals, and its spores are highly resistant to environmental changes, acid, and alkali and may persist in the soil for many years. The disease is characterized by generalized muscular rigidity and spasms, hyperesthesia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and death. Horses are the most susceptible domestic animals. Treatment is typically directed towards elimination of the source of the toxin, neutralization of any unbound toxin, establishment of antitoxin immunity, control of neuromuscular derangements, and relief of pain. This study described the clinical findings and therapeutic protocols of 17 horses with tetanus, treated between March 2012 and December 2021. The diagnosis of tetanus was based on the history and clinical examination findings of the animals. All horses received a treatment pattern composed of the administration of tetanus serum (50,000 UI, intravenously, followed by three injections of the same dose at 48-h intervals), procaine penicillin (25,000 UI kg, intramuscularly, BID, for 10 days), and muscle relaxant (acepromazine 0.02-0.05 mg/kg, intramuscularly, BID, for 8 days). Support therapy based on hydroelectrolytic replacements, feeding via a nasogastric tube, and assistance in the maintenance of the quadrupedal position were performed when needed. The mortality rate observed in this report was 23.52%. Early diagnosis associated with the instituted treatment contributed the most to the animal recovery.

Rabies is a highly lethal disease and is considered one of the most important zoonoses worldwide. In Brazil, the rabies cycle in domestic animals is under control. However, there is feedback from the wildlife cycle as many bats are present in the cities and rural areas of the country. This paper reports a case of a dog receiving veterinary assistance that presented with misbehavior and other unusual signs. After clinical evaluation by two veterinarians and a period of hospitalization to perform tests and treatment, the dog died, and the Municipal Health Department was contacted due to the suspicion of rabies. After laboratory testing and sample analysis, the diagnosis of rabies was confirmed. This case demonstrates the importance of veterinarians' qualifications in performing clinical and laboratory diagnoses, such as their knowledge concerning surveillance measures and preventive steps before and after exposure. Reinforcing the significance of maintaining vaccination coverage for rabies and promoting public and private vaccination campaigns in areas that lack vaccination campaigns are useful.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of equine amniotic membrane (EAM), frozen indirectly using liquid nitrogen and stored between -10° and -24°C, in the treatment of equine skin lesions. Six healthy female horses, aged 3-10 years, were included in this study. EAM was collected from previously evaluated healthy parturient mares. Wounds were surgically created at the distal ends of the forelimbs. One limb was chosen for treatment, and the contralateral limb was chosen as the control. Pain sensitivity, presence of granulation tissue, secretions, and bleeding after debridement during cleaning were evaluated. Microscopically, the following were evaluated: the integrity of the epithelium, the organization of the connective tissue, the presence of hemorrhage, fibroplasia, epithelial hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, neovascularization, and the types of cells present. Assessments were performed on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 63, and the time to complete the lesion closure. Treatment with EAM promoted faster recovery, greater neovascularization, better quality fibroplasia, and less sensitivity to pain than the control group. We concluded that the use of EAM was advantageous compared to the control group.

Veterinarians, among other health professionals, are considered health professionals at high risk of exposure to and contraction of COVID-19. The main objective of this study is to assess changes in the clinical practices of veterinarians during the COVID-19 pandemic around prophylactic and biosafety measures, as well as to evaluate changes in workload and cost-benefit ratio. An online questionnaire was sent to veterinary professionals from July 2020 to July 2021 using Google Forms. A total of 1134 veterinarians answered the questionnaire on clinical experiences and biosafety practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Veterinarians changed their routine clinical practices, as there was a reduction in working hours, and applied new patient approaches and advice to their owners, as well as restricting the number of people allowed inside. Biosafety measures were added in their workplaces, with an increase in the use of personal protective equipment. COVID-19 tests were administered at least once in 19.0%, and more than once in 9.5% of the respondents. Flu symptoms were present in 23.8% of the respondents, and 31.0% of the veterinarians attended to COVID-19 positive pet owners. Therefore, most veterinarians altered their routine practices, and some were exposed to sources of COVID-19 infection.

The overuse of antimicrobials in poultry has led to the development and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the poultry industry. One of the most effective mechanisms of resistance found in Escherichia coli is the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL); there are several ESBLs, including the TEM, SHV, and CTX-M families. This resistance mechanism and the risks associated with transmitting these resistant microorganisms between animals, the environment, and humans can occur through direct contact and consumption of infected animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of E. coli in samples isolated from three broiler farms in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and screen the isolates for ESBL genes. The findings of this study demonstrated the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in all farms studied. The findings of this study highlight the urgency for a program to monitor the poultry industry value chains at the regional level to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, we recommend that the enzyme subtypes produced by bacterial isolates should be determined to effectively characterize the distribution of genes related to antimicrobial resistance.

Dextrocardia with situs solitus is a rare disorder caused by embryological malformation. It may be asymptomatic and overlooked when isolated, or when it presents with different symptoms and clinical signs associated with other cardiac and extracardiac malformations. The present article describes the radiologic, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings of a Pitbull dog with isolated dextrocardia and situs solitus.

To determine the effect of the inclusion method on the histomorphometric evaluation of the gastrointestinal mucosa of horses, jejunum samples were collected using flank laparotomy. Sixteen mixed breed healthy adult horses, including four males and 12 females, aged 4-14 years with an average body weight of 248.40 ± 2.28 kg, were used. Jejunal biopsies were collected and analyzed by light microscopy using two methods: group 1 comprised biopsies fixed using 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin; biopsies in group 2 were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.2, followed by inclusion in glycol methacrylate (GMA)-based plastic resin. Intestinal villi height, crypt depth, glandular mucosa thickness, total mucosal thickness, and villus/crypt ratio were then evaluated. For all the variables studied, with exception of the villus/crypt ratio, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between samples in groups 1 and 2. Processing samples for embedding in plastic resin was quicker and easier to perform compared to that for paraffin embedding. In addition, the epithelial lining of tissues in group 2 showed better resolution for conducting cytological studies under a light microscope. The difference between the studied variables can be attributed to tissue retraction caused by conventional processing for inclusion in paraffin. Therefore, the method of inclusion in GMA described in the present study appears to be a more reliable choice for morphometric evaluation of the intestinal mucosa of horses.

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a malignant round cell neoplasm that primarily affects the genital region of dogs. Despite being sexually transmitted, transmission can occur through contact with mucous membranes and cutaneous tissue. Although less routine, TVT has been described in several extragenital regions, such as the nasal plane, oral cavity, eyeball, eyelid, and anus. Although metastases are infrequent, they can occur in the skin, inguinal lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestine, heart, brain, lungs, and other organs. The clinical signs of TVT are usually related to serosanguineous secretion, intense odor, deformity, ulceration, and possibly areas of necrosis. In cases of metastases, clinical signs will depend on the affected organ. The treatment of choice for TVT is chemotherapy with vincristine. The present study aimed to report the case of a 2-year-old mixed-breed canine with intra-abdominal nodules detected by ultrasound examination, which were later diagnosed as a TVT by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.