Background: In people undergoing curative radiation treatment to the head and neck region the local effects like mucositis, dysphasia, dermatitis, salivary dysfunction and systemic effects like anaemia and leucopoenia are major issues. Folic acid is always provided when a patient has anaemia and is also regularly used in the care of cancer patients. However, literature study indicates that the quantum of beneficial effects of folic acid supplementing to patients undergoing curative radiotherapy are lacking. In lieu of these observations the present study was conducted to ascertain the beneficial effect of folic acid supplementation to head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing curative radiotherapy. Methods: This was an observational study and was carried out in HNC patients planned for curative radiotherapy. The folic acid levels were estimated at the start of the study. Patients who had folic acid less than 20 ng/ml were prescribed folic acid (5 mg TID) for the first two weeks. The incidence of mucositis, dysphasia, dermatitis, salivary dysfunction, anaemia and leucopoenia were analysed at the end of the study. For analysis we studied what is the effect in people who had folic acid less than and, above 5 ng/ml and analysed the results using the X2 analysis. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference (p = 0.03) was seen in the incidence of leukopenia in the volunteers who had less than 5 ng/ml of folic acid. A significant difference in the incidence of severe dermatitis (P = 0.04) and in weight loss (P = 0.02) was also observed. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that when compared to the patients who had folic acid less than 5 ng/ml, administering folic acid was beneficial in mitigating dermatitis, weight loss and leucopenia in people with folic acid above 5 ng/ml. More studies are required to ascertain the benefit of folic acid.
{"title":"Appraisal of Beneficial Effects of Oral Supplementation with Folic Acid during Curative Chemo-Radiation for Head and Neck Cancer: An Observational Study","authors":"Rao Suresh, H.T.D. Sanath, Rao Pratima, D’silva Prajna, Katherin D’souza Rhea, Ponadka Rai Manoj, Shrinath Baliga Manjeshwar","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In people undergoing curative radiation treatment to the head and neck region the local effects like mucositis, dysphasia, dermatitis, salivary dysfunction and systemic effects like anaemia and leucopoenia are major issues. Folic acid is always provided when a patient has anaemia and is also regularly used in the care of cancer patients. However, literature study indicates that the quantum of beneficial effects of folic acid supplementing to patients undergoing curative radiotherapy are lacking. In lieu of these observations the present study was conducted to ascertain the beneficial effect of folic acid supplementation to head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing curative radiotherapy. Methods: This was an observational study and was carried out in HNC patients planned for curative radiotherapy. The folic acid levels were estimated at the start of the study. Patients who had folic acid less than 20 ng/ml were prescribed folic acid (5 mg TID) for the first two weeks. The incidence of mucositis, dysphasia, dermatitis, salivary dysfunction, anaemia and leucopoenia were analysed at the end of the study. For analysis we studied what is the effect in people who had folic acid less than and, above 5 ng/ml and analysed the results using the X2 analysis. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference (p = 0.03) was seen in the incidence of leukopenia in the volunteers who had less than 5 ng/ml of folic acid. A significant difference in the incidence of severe dermatitis (P = 0.04) and in weight loss (P = 0.02) was also observed. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that when compared to the patients who had folic acid less than 5 ng/ml, administering folic acid was beneficial in mitigating dermatitis, weight loss and leucopenia in people with folic acid above 5 ng/ml. More studies are required to ascertain the benefit of folic acid.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86035717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1009
A. A. Bader, G. Fayez, A. Zaki, A. Ahmad
Diagnosis of prostate cancer is suspected if there are abnormalities during digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or steady rising in levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the confirmative diagnosis is established by histopathological confirmation of malignancy by biopsy from the prostate. A 87 years old male not diabetic nor hypertensive or other co-morbidities was well apart from mild lower back pain associated with mild irritative urinary symptoms, diagnosed clinically (DRE), radiologically and biochemically (markedly elevated PSA level) as a case of advanced prostate cancer and started treatment without biopsy by androgen deprivation therapy with other symptomatic support. After one month of treatment and then after, general conditions of the patient started to be significantly improved, the first follow-up CT showed considerable decrease of the mass size, then total non visualization of the previous prostatic mass, with marked decrease of the lymph nodal size in subsequent follow-up, PSA level decreased markedly, dropped from ≥700 ng/mL to 6.867 ng/mL, and then continued to decrease in subsequent monthly evaluations to reach 0.212 ng/mL at the last measurement after 8 months of treatment, that mean near complete radiologic and biochemical response. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer might be started without biopsy if there is high probabilities malignancy by DRE, imaging studies and significant rising in PSA levelin exceptional cases.
{"title":"Clinically, Radiologically and Biochemically Metastatic Cancer Prostate: Could be Treated without Biopsy? A Clinical Case Study and Review of Literature","authors":"A. A. Bader, G. Fayez, A. Zaki, A. Ahmad","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1009","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosis of prostate cancer is suspected if there are abnormalities during digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or steady rising in levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the confirmative diagnosis is established by histopathological confirmation of malignancy by biopsy from the prostate. A 87 years old male not diabetic nor hypertensive or other co-morbidities was well apart from mild lower back pain associated with mild irritative urinary symptoms, diagnosed clinically (DRE), radiologically and biochemically (markedly elevated PSA level) as a case of advanced prostate cancer and started treatment without biopsy by androgen deprivation therapy with other symptomatic support. After one month of treatment and then after, general conditions of the patient started to be significantly improved, the first follow-up CT showed considerable decrease of the mass size, then total non visualization of the previous prostatic mass, with marked decrease of the lymph nodal size in subsequent follow-up, PSA level decreased markedly, dropped from ≥700 ng/mL to 6.867 ng/mL, and then continued to decrease in subsequent monthly evaluations to reach 0.212 ng/mL at the last measurement after 8 months of treatment, that mean near complete radiologic and biochemical response. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer might be started without biopsy if there is high probabilities malignancy by DRE, imaging studies and significant rising in PSA levelin exceptional cases.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79524888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1008
Lissoni Paolo, Porro Giorgio, Cenaj Vezika, Aymerich Tiziana, Lissoni Arianna, Di Fede Giuseppe
It is known that lymphocytopenia is one of the most negative biomarkers in cancer patients, being an expression of cancer-related immunosuppression. Today it is known that, despite its complexity, the antitumor immunity is mainly mediated by dendritic cell-T lymphocyte system and suppressed by the macrophage-regulatory T lymphocyte system. Then, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been proven to represent a more appropriate prognostic clinical index than the simple lyphocytopenia alone. Because of the fundamental role of lymphocytes in mediating tumor cell destruction, the correction of cancer-related lymphocytopenia could influence the clinical history of the neoplastic disease. At present, the only cytokine able to induce a clear in vivo lymphocytosisis IL-2. However, it has been demonstrated that the immune system is physiologically under a neuroendocrine control, and that the pineal hormone MLT may stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation and activation. On these bases, we have evaluated the effect of highdose MLT therapy in metastatic solid tumor patients with persistent lymphocytopenia and abnormally low values of LMR. The study included 14 patients, and the results were compared to those found in a control group of 20 lymphocytopenic untreatable metastatic cancer patients treated with the only best supportive care alone. Patients received MLT at a dose of 100 mg/day orally in the evening for 3 consecutive months. Lymphocyte mean count increases on MLT therapy, and the values observed after two months of therapy were significantly higher than the pretreatment ones, with a normalization of lymphocyte number in 4/14 (29%) patients, whereas no spontaneous lymphocyte rise occurred in the control group. On the other hand, monocyte count rapidly diminished on MLT therapy, and LMR mean values observed after only one month of treatment was significantly higher than that found prior to therapy, whereas it significantly decreases in controls. This preliminary study shows that high-dose MLT may improve the immune status of cancer patients, and be effective in the treatment of disseminated cancer-related lymphocytopenia.
{"title":"A Phase-2 Study on the Kinetics of the Improvement in Lymphocyte-toMonocyte Ratio by High-Dose Pineal Hormone Melatonin in Lymphocytopenic Untreatable Metastatic Cancer Patients","authors":"Lissoni Paolo, Porro Giorgio, Cenaj Vezika, Aymerich Tiziana, Lissoni Arianna, Di Fede Giuseppe","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1008","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that lymphocytopenia is one of the most negative biomarkers in cancer patients, being an expression of cancer-related immunosuppression. Today it is known that, despite its complexity, the antitumor immunity is mainly mediated by dendritic cell-T lymphocyte system and suppressed by the macrophage-regulatory T lymphocyte system. Then, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been proven to represent a more appropriate prognostic clinical index than the simple lyphocytopenia alone. Because of the fundamental role of lymphocytes in mediating tumor cell destruction, the correction of cancer-related lymphocytopenia could influence the clinical history of the neoplastic disease. At present, the only cytokine able to induce a clear in vivo lymphocytosisis IL-2. However, it has been demonstrated that the immune system is physiologically under a neuroendocrine control, and that the pineal hormone MLT may stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation and activation. On these bases, we have evaluated the effect of highdose MLT therapy in metastatic solid tumor patients with persistent lymphocytopenia and abnormally low values of LMR. The study included 14 patients, and the results were compared to those found in a control group of 20 lymphocytopenic untreatable metastatic cancer patients treated with the only best supportive care alone. Patients received MLT at a dose of 100 mg/day orally in the evening for 3 consecutive months. Lymphocyte mean count increases on MLT therapy, and the values observed after two months of therapy were significantly higher than the pretreatment ones, with a normalization of lymphocyte number in 4/14 (29%) patients, whereas no spontaneous lymphocyte rise occurred in the control group. On the other hand, monocyte count rapidly diminished on MLT therapy, and LMR mean values observed after only one month of treatment was significantly higher than that found prior to therapy, whereas it significantly decreases in controls. This preliminary study shows that high-dose MLT may improve the immune status of cancer patients, and be effective in the treatment of disseminated cancer-related lymphocytopenia.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81327398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1006
V. Ermoshkin
Earlier in 2012-2017 our research team proposed and analytically substantiated the mechanism for the occurrence of many cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Data about the possible mechanism has been published in several articles and has been discussed at several conferences.
{"title":"New Data on the Relationship of the Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer","authors":"V. Ermoshkin","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1006","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier in 2012-2017 our research team proposed and analytically substantiated the mechanism for the occurrence of many cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Data about the possible mechanism has been published in several articles and has been discussed at several conferences.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77105454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gene therapy is the unique method for the use of genetic materials such as Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA), and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) into specific host-cells for the treatment of inherited disorders in any diseases. The successful way to utilize the gene therapy is to develop the efficient cancer gene delivery systems. In this paper, the successful and efficient gene delivery systems are briefly reviewed on the basis of bio-reducible polymeric systems for cancer therapy. The viral gene delivery systems such as RNA-based viral and DNA-based viral vectors are also discussed. The development of bio-reducible polymer for gene delivery system has briefly discussed for the efficient cancer gene delivery of viral vectors and non-viral vectors.
{"title":"Recent Advances in the Development of Bio-Reducible Polymers for Efficient Cancer Gene Delivery Systems.","authors":"Yong Kiel Sung, Sung Wan Kim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene therapy is the unique method for the use of genetic materials such as Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA), and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) into specific host-cells for the treatment of inherited disorders in any diseases. The successful way to utilize the gene therapy is to develop the efficient cancer gene delivery systems. In this paper, the successful and efficient gene delivery systems are briefly reviewed on the basis of bio-reducible polymeric systems for cancer therapy. The viral gene delivery systems such as RNA-based viral and DNA-based viral vectors are also discussed. The development of bio-reducible polymer for gene delivery system has briefly discussed for the efficient cancer gene delivery of viral vectors and non-viral vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6481959/pdf/nihms-1017210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41221767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-18DOI: 10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1007
Y. Sung, S. W. Kim
Gene therapy is the unique method for the use of genetic materials such as Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA), and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) into specific host-cells for the treatment of inherited disorders in any diseases. The successful way to utilize the gene therapy is to develop the efficient cancer gene delivery systems. In this paper, the successful and efficient gene delivery systems are briefly reviewed on the basis of bio-reducible polymeric systems for cancer therapy. The viral gene delivery systems such as RNA-based viral and DNA-based viral vectors are also discussed. The development of bio-reducible polymer for gene delivery system has briefly discussed for the efficient cancer gene delivery of viral vectors and non-viral vectors.
{"title":"Recent Advances in the Development of Bio-Reducible Polymers for Efficient Cancer Gene Delivery Systems.","authors":"Y. Sung, S. W. Kim","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1007","url":null,"abstract":"Gene therapy is the unique method for the use of genetic materials such as Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA), and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) into specific host-cells for the treatment of inherited disorders in any diseases. The successful way to utilize the gene therapy is to develop the efficient cancer gene delivery systems. In this paper, the successful and efficient gene delivery systems are briefly reviewed on the basis of bio-reducible polymeric systems for cancer therapy. The viral gene delivery systems such as RNA-based viral and DNA-based viral vectors are also discussed. The development of bio-reducible polymer for gene delivery system has briefly discussed for the efficient cancer gene delivery of viral vectors and non-viral vectors.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91015487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if occupational therapy informed yoga could decrease barriers to occupational engagement in African American breast cancer survivors. Methods: A single-arm pretest-posttest design was used to study African American breast cancer survivors who participated in six weekly group yoga sessions that were delivered by occupational therapists. Variables were selected to operationalize barriers to occupational engagement and included mental health, bodily pain, role-physical and emotional, fatigue, self-efficacy, acute pain, balance, and upper extremity disability. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis via linear mixed effects modeling were conducted to describe the participants and determine the efficacy of occupational therapy informed yoga. Results: Barriers to occupational engagement (health related quality of life, self-efficacy and balance, pain, upper-extremity disability) were evident in participants at baseline. Occupational therapy informed yoga reduced some of these barriers through significant changes in pain, mental health, and balance. Conclusion: These findings provide initial support for the development of group programming to deliver occupational therapy informed yoga to African American breast cancer survivors.
{"title":"The Effect of Yoga on Barriers to Occupational Engagement in African American Breast Cancer Survivors","authors":"Hunley Julie, Kamaraju Sailaja, Holder Phyllis, S. Aniko, Burlingame-Toppen Rita, Stolley Melinda","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if occupational therapy informed yoga could decrease barriers to occupational engagement in African American breast cancer survivors. Methods: A single-arm pretest-posttest design was used to study African American breast cancer survivors who participated in six weekly group yoga sessions that were delivered by occupational therapists. Variables were selected to operationalize barriers to occupational engagement and included mental health, bodily pain, role-physical and emotional, fatigue, self-efficacy, acute pain, balance, and upper extremity disability. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis via linear mixed effects modeling were conducted to describe the participants and determine the efficacy of occupational therapy informed yoga. Results: Barriers to occupational engagement (health related quality of life, self-efficacy and balance, pain, upper-extremity disability) were evident in participants at baseline. Occupational therapy informed yoga reduced some of these barriers through significant changes in pain, mental health, and balance. Conclusion: These findings provide initial support for the development of group programming to deliver occupational therapy informed yoga to African American breast cancer survivors.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90799983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1001
F. C. Ilja
A 52-year-old Caucasian woman with a smoking history of 15 pack-years presented to her family practitioner because of pain in the left shoulder.
52岁白人女性，吸烟史15包年，因左肩疼痛就诊于家庭医生。
{"title":"Enhanced Tumor Response to Palliative Radiotherapy with Critozinib in a Patient with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"F. C. Ilja","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1001","url":null,"abstract":"A 52-year-old Caucasian woman with a smoking history of 15 pack-years presented to her family practitioner because of pain in the left shoulder.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83112692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1003
Diego Fernández-Lázaro, C. Fernandez-Lázaro, Martínez Alfredo Córdova
Programmed cell death is an essential physiological and biological process for the proper development and functioning of the organism. Apoptosis is the term that describes the most frequent form of programmed cell death and derives from the morphological characteristics of this type of death caused by cellular suicide. Apoptosis is highly regulated to maintain homeostasis in the body, since its imbalances by increasing and decreasing lead to different types of diseases. In this review, we aim to describe the mechanisms of cell death and the pathways through apoptosis is initiated, transmitted, regulated, and executed.
{"title":"Cell Death: Mechanisms and Pathways in Cancer Cells","authors":"Diego Fernández-Lázaro, C. Fernandez-Lázaro, Martínez Alfredo Córdova","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1003","url":null,"abstract":"Programmed cell death is an essential physiological and biological process for the proper development and functioning of the organism. Apoptosis is the term that describes the most frequent form of programmed cell death and derives from the morphological characteristics of this type of death caused by cellular suicide. Apoptosis is highly regulated to maintain homeostasis in the body, since its imbalances by increasing and decreasing lead to different types of diseases. In this review, we aim to describe the mechanisms of cell death and the pathways through apoptosis is initiated, transmitted, regulated, and executed.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77239149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1004
Ishida Tsuneo
Since highly bactericidal silver (I) ions against bacteria have been obtained, as highly accurate results, prospect effects of silver (I) ions for regulation of cancer and tumor cell growth can be expected to occur even at apoptotic conditions. This mini-review article is reported that as an availability for most highly bactericidal effect of Ag+ ions, the regulation of cancer cell growth may be able to be achieved by Ag+ ions-mediated hydrolyzing and degrading functions. Bactericidal effects of silver (I) ions on bacteriolyses of bacterial cell walls by activation of peptidoglycan (PGN) autolysins and silver ion-mediated cancer cell hydrolyzing and degrading activity by endolysins have been analyzed. Bacteriolysis against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) PGN cell wall by Ag+ ions is caused by the inhibition of PGN elongation due to regulation of PGN synthetic transglycosylase (TG) and transpeptidase (TP), and the enhancement of activation of PGN autolysins of amidases. On the other hand, bacteriolysis and destruction against Escherichia coli (E. coli) cell wall by Ag+ ions are caused by the destruction of outer membrane structure due to degradative enzymes of lipoproteins at N- and Cterminals, and by the inhibition of PGN elongation owing to inactivation of PGN TP synthetic enzyme endopeptidase and enhancement of the activations of PGN hydrolases and autolysins of amidase, peptidase, and carboxypeptidase. Ag+ ions-mediated cancerous cell hydrolyzing enzyme that binds to and degrades intact cancer cells of the producing organism are classified as autolysins or endolysins (phage lysin), resulting that the hydrolase activity is an essential as regulator of cancer and tumor cell growth and hydrolase activation may be promoted the apoptosis and the necrosis of cancer cells, and subsequently lead to cancer cell death by this hydrolase. Thus, highly bactericidal Ag+ ions against bacteria and effect of Ag+ ions for cancer cell growth regulation or cell death can be able to realize at the same time. Silver ions induced ROS generations such as O2 - , H2O2,･OH, OH- producing in bacterial and tumorous cells occur and lead to oxidative stress. DNA damages may be due to linear coordinated Ag+ complex formations by Ag+ substitution within double and triple hydrogen bonds in DNA base pairs.
{"title":"Highly Bactericidal Silver () against Bacteria and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ag+ ions for Regulation of Cancer/Tumor Cell Growth","authors":"Ishida Tsuneo","doi":"10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1004","url":null,"abstract":"Since highly bactericidal silver (I) ions against bacteria have been obtained, as highly accurate results, prospect effects of silver (I) ions for regulation of cancer and tumor cell growth can be expected to occur even at apoptotic conditions. This mini-review article is reported that as an availability for most highly bactericidal effect of Ag+ ions, the regulation of cancer cell growth may be able to be achieved by Ag+ ions-mediated hydrolyzing and degrading functions. Bactericidal effects of silver (I) ions on bacteriolyses of bacterial cell walls by activation of peptidoglycan (PGN) autolysins and silver ion-mediated cancer cell hydrolyzing and degrading activity by endolysins have been analyzed. Bacteriolysis against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) PGN cell wall by Ag+ ions is caused by the inhibition of PGN elongation due to regulation of PGN synthetic transglycosylase (TG) and transpeptidase (TP), and the enhancement of activation of PGN autolysins of amidases. On the other hand, bacteriolysis and destruction against Escherichia coli (E. coli) cell wall by Ag+ ions are caused by the destruction of outer membrane structure due to degradative enzymes of lipoproteins at N- and Cterminals, and by the inhibition of PGN elongation owing to inactivation of PGN TP synthetic enzyme endopeptidase and enhancement of the activations of PGN hydrolases and autolysins of amidase, peptidase, and carboxypeptidase. Ag+ ions-mediated cancerous cell hydrolyzing enzyme that binds to and degrades intact cancer cells of the producing organism are classified as autolysins or endolysins (phage lysin), resulting that the hydrolase activity is an essential as regulator of cancer and tumor cell growth and hydrolase activation may be promoted the apoptosis and the necrosis of cancer cells, and subsequently lead to cancer cell death by this hydrolase. Thus, highly bactericidal Ag+ ions against bacteria and effect of Ag+ ions for cancer cell growth regulation or cell death can be able to realize at the same time. Silver ions induced ROS generations such as O2 - , H2O2,･OH, OH- producing in bacterial and tumorous cells occur and lead to oxidative stress. DNA damages may be due to linear coordinated Ag+ complex formations by Ag+ substitution within double and triple hydrogen bonds in DNA base pairs.","PeriodicalId":72513,"journal":{"name":"Cancer medicine journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90965758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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