Y. Orikasa, K. Yamamoto, Takeshi Shimizu, Y. Uchimoto
{"title":"Multiscale and hierarchical reaction mechanism in a lithium-ion battery","authors":"Y. Orikasa, K. Yamamoto, Takeshi Shimizu, Y. Uchimoto","doi":"10.1063/5.0062329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0062329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42072450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuequan Chen, H. Lindley-Hatcher, R. Stantchev, Jiarui Wang, Kaidi Li, Arturo Hernandez Serrano, Z. Taylor, E. Castro-Camus, E. Pickwell‐MacPherson
Terahertz (THz) technology has experienced rapid development in the past two decades. Growing numbers of interdisciplinary applications are emerging, including materials science, physics, communications, and security as well as biomedicine. THz biophotonics involves studies applying THz photonic technology in biomedicine, which has attracted attention due to the unique features of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water, resonance with biomolecules, favorable spatial resolution, capacity to probe the water–biomolecule interactions, and nonionizing photon energy. Despite the great potential, THz biophotonics is still at an early stage of development. There is a lack of standards for instrumentation, measurement protocols, and data analysis, which makes it difficult to make comparisons among all the work published. In this article, we give a comprehensive review of the key findings that have underpinned research into biomedical applications of THz technology. In particular, we will focus on the advances made in general THz instrumentation and specific THz-based instruments for biomedical applications. We will also discuss the theories describing the interaction between THz light and biomedical samples. We aim to provide an overview of both basic biomedical research as well as pre-clinical and clinical applications under investigation. The paper aims to provide a clear picture of the achievements, challenges, and future perspectives of THz biophotonics.
{"title":"Terahertz (THz) biophotonics technology: Instrumentation, techniques, and biomedical applications","authors":"Xuequan Chen, H. Lindley-Hatcher, R. Stantchev, Jiarui Wang, Kaidi Li, Arturo Hernandez Serrano, Z. Taylor, E. Castro-Camus, E. Pickwell‐MacPherson","doi":"10.1063/5.0068979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0068979","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) technology has experienced rapid development in the past two decades. Growing numbers of interdisciplinary applications are emerging, including materials science, physics, communications, and security as well as biomedicine. THz biophotonics involves studies applying THz photonic technology in biomedicine, which has attracted attention due to the unique features of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water, resonance with biomolecules, favorable spatial resolution, capacity to probe the water–biomolecule interactions, and nonionizing photon energy. Despite the great potential, THz biophotonics is still at an early stage of development. There is a lack of standards for instrumentation, measurement protocols, and data analysis, which makes it difficult to make comparisons among all the work published. In this article, we give a comprehensive review of the key findings that have underpinned research into biomedical applications of THz technology. In particular, we will focus on the advances made in general THz instrumentation and specific THz-based instruments for biomedical applications. We will also discuss the theories describing the interaction between THz light and biomedical samples. We aim to provide an overview of both basic biomedical research as well as pre-clinical and clinical applications under investigation. The paper aims to provide a clear picture of the achievements, challenges, and future perspectives of THz biophotonics.","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Broadband NMR relaxometry of electrolytes for energy storage","authors":"C. Fraenza, S. Greenbaum","doi":"10.1063/5.0076580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0076580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coordination polymers for emerging molecular devices","authors":"G. H. Morritt, H. Michaels, M. Freitag","doi":"10.1063/5.0075283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0075283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Bu, Hyungjin Lee, Dedy Setiawan, Seung‐Tae Hong
Calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) are among the promising alternatives to overcome the limitation of lithium-ion batteries in current use. Compared with lithium, calcium is environmentally friendly, reliable, safe, and abundant in resources. Despite the development of intercalation-type cathode materials for CIBs in its infancy, the number of newly discovered materials has remarkably increased in the last few years. In this Review, we present the recent accomplishments and challenges in the development of cathode materials for nonaqueous CIBs, classified by the constituent anion type: oxides, polyanions, and others (chalcogenides, fluorides, and nitrides), and further subdivided based on Ca diffusion dimensionality (one-, two-, and three-dimensions). Each of the materials is presented, emphasizing structural aspects, electrochemical properties, intercalation mechanisms during cycling, and problems to be solved. Finally, this Review concludes by providing overview and perspectives on each type of materials. To date, the observed capacities are still far below the theoretically expected doubled capacity due to the divalency of calcium. Nevertheless, the research progress during the past few years suggests that unexplored opportunities for discovering new cathode materials with improved performances are wide open. This Review will help researchers easily grasp the overall accomplishments and challenges of the CIB cathode materials, stimulating further development.
{"title":"Intercalation-type positive electrode materials for nonaqueous calcium-ion batteries","authors":"H. Bu, Hyungjin Lee, Dedy Setiawan, Seung‐Tae Hong","doi":"10.1063/5.0073087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073087","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) are among the promising alternatives to overcome the limitation of lithium-ion batteries in current use. Compared with lithium, calcium is environmentally friendly, reliable, safe, and abundant in resources. Despite the development of intercalation-type cathode materials for CIBs in its infancy, the number of newly discovered materials has remarkably increased in the last few years. In this Review, we present the recent accomplishments and challenges in the development of cathode materials for nonaqueous CIBs, classified by the constituent anion type: oxides, polyanions, and others (chalcogenides, fluorides, and nitrides), and further subdivided based on Ca diffusion dimensionality (one-, two-, and three-dimensions). Each of the materials is presented, emphasizing structural aspects, electrochemical properties, intercalation mechanisms during cycling, and problems to be solved. Finally, this Review concludes by providing overview and perspectives on each type of materials. To date, the observed capacities are still far below the theoretically expected doubled capacity due to the divalency of calcium. Nevertheless, the research progress during the past few years suggests that unexplored opportunities for discovering new cathode materials with improved performances are wide open. This Review will help researchers easily grasp the overall accomplishments and challenges of the CIB cathode materials, stimulating further development.","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43675577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and characterization of surface molecular assemblies for the preparation of solar fuels","authors":"Degao Wang, Ling Fei, Zhiwei Huang, T. Meyer","doi":"10.1063/5.0072430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072430","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have gained much attention over the last few decades as powerful tools in bioimaging since the discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the 1960s. The mechanism of FP bioluminenscence has been well-studied, and new variants with improved photophysical properties are being constantly generated. In this review, a brief history of GFP along with its biogenesis is first provided. Next, the fluorescent and quenching mechanism governing the photophysical property of GFP is elaborated. Most importantly, we seek to introduce the expanding family of FP derivatives that mimics the chromophore core structure of FPs. Multiple physical and chemical strategies have been discussed to minimize the inherent fluorescence quenching effect of FP derivatives. Finally, we briefly overview the biological application of FP derivatives, with a focus on fluorescent RNA aptamer and recently reported protein aggregation detection probes. Through citing and discussing the most important works in this field, this review aims to provide a general photophysical understanding regarding the luminescence phenomenon of GFP and its derivatives, as well as chemical strategies to design functional FP derivatives.
{"title":"Principles, modulation, and applications of fluorescent protein chromophores","authors":"Songtao Ye, Yuqi Tang, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0080417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080417","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have gained much attention over the last few decades as powerful tools in bioimaging since the discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the 1960s. The mechanism of FP bioluminenscence has been well-studied, and new variants with improved photophysical properties are being constantly generated. In this review, a brief history of GFP along with its biogenesis is first provided. Next, the fluorescent and quenching mechanism governing the photophysical property of GFP is elaborated. Most importantly, we seek to introduce the expanding family of FP derivatives that mimics the chromophore core structure of FPs. Multiple physical and chemical strategies have been discussed to minimize the inherent fluorescence quenching effect of FP derivatives. Finally, we briefly overview the biological application of FP derivatives, with a focus on fluorescent RNA aptamer and recently reported protein aggregation detection probes. Through citing and discussing the most important works in this field, this review aims to provide a general photophysical understanding regarding the luminescence phenomenon of GFP and its derivatives, as well as chemical strategies to design functional FP derivatives.","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45269014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex J. Baldacchino, Miles I. Collins, M. Nielsen, T. Schmidt, D. McCamey, M. Tayebjee
Singlet fission is a form of multiple exciton generation, which occurs in organic chromophores when a high-energy singlet exciton separates into two lower energy triplet excitons, each with approximately half the singlet energy. Since this process is spin-allowed, it can proceed on an ultrafast timescale of less than several picoseconds, outcompeting most other loss mechanisms and reaching quantitative yields approaching 200%. Due to this high quantum efficiency, the singlet fission process shows promise as a means of reducing thermalization losses in photovoltaic cells. This would potentially allow for efficiency improvements beyond the thermodynamic limit in a single junction cell. Efforts to incorporate this process into solar photovoltaic cells have spanned a wide range of device structures over the past decade. In this review, we compare and categorize these attempts in order to assess the state of the field and identify the most promising avenues of future research and development.
{"title":"Singlet fission photovoltaics: Progress and promising pathways","authors":"Alex J. Baldacchino, Miles I. Collins, M. Nielsen, T. Schmidt, D. McCamey, M. Tayebjee","doi":"10.1063/5.0080250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080250","url":null,"abstract":"Singlet fission is a form of multiple exciton generation, which occurs in organic chromophores when a high-energy singlet exciton separates into two lower energy triplet excitons, each with approximately half the singlet energy. Since this process is spin-allowed, it can proceed on an ultrafast timescale of less than several picoseconds, outcompeting most other loss mechanisms and reaching quantitative yields approaching 200%. Due to this high quantum efficiency, the singlet fission process shows promise as a means of reducing thermalization losses in photovoltaic cells. This would potentially allow for efficiency improvements beyond the thermodynamic limit in a single junction cell. Efforts to incorporate this process into solar photovoltaic cells have spanned a wide range of device structures over the past decade. In this review, we compare and categorize these attempts in order to assess the state of the field and identify the most promising avenues of future research and development.","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44355154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamentals of metal oxide/oxyfluoride electrodes for Li-/Na-ion batteries","authors":"B. Campéon, N. Yabuuchi","doi":"10.1063/5.0052741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0052741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72559,"journal":{"name":"Chemical physics reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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