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Recent Updates in Vaccine Delivery through Microneedles. 通过微针注射疫苗的最新进展。
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.001
Kasturi Pawar

Recent coronavirus pandemic and its global socio-economic impact has re-emphasized the need for safe, fast, and efficient delivery of vaccines for humankind. With advent of technological advances, and to improve patient acquiescence, several techniques for fast, effective, and safe delivery of vaccines have been researched and published in the literature in last three decades. These delivery enhancement techniques include but are not limited to electroporation, microneedles (MN), ultrasound, iontophoresis, etc. This review aims at discussing the current research undergoing in vaccine delivery, specifically focusing on microneedles assisted, the historical background of microneedles and their introduction to drug delivery area, and a special focus on formulation challenges and stability in these systems. The review also sheds light on regulatory challenges one must keep in mind for bringing a successful microneedles-based vaccine delivery into market as well as a snapshot of current commercially available microneedles-based products in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

最近的冠状病毒大流行及其全球社会经济影响再次强调了为人类安全、快速和有效地提供疫苗的必要性。随着技术的进步,为了提高患者的默许程度,在过去的三十年里,人们研究了几种快速、有效和安全的疫苗递送技术,并在文献中发表了这些技术。这些输送增强技术包括但不限于电穿孔、微针(MN)、超声、离子电泳等。本文旨在讨论目前在疫苗递送方面的研究进展,特别是微针辅助,微针的历史背景及其在药物递送领域的应用,并特别关注这些系统的配方挑战和稳定性。该审查还阐明了将基于微针的疫苗成功投放市场必须牢记的监管挑战,以及目前化妆品和制药工业中商业化的基于微针的产品的概况。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Telomerase Inhibition on NK Cell Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. 端粒酶抑制对急性髓系白血病NK细胞活性的影响。
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.018
Khadijeh Dizaji Asl, Ali Rafat, Ali Akbar Movassaghpour, Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh, Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi

Purpose: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is known to be an invasive and highly lethal hematological malignancy in adults and children. Resistance to the present treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy with their side effects and telomere length shortening are the main cause of the mortality in AML patients. Telomeres sequence which are located at the end of eukaryotic chromosome play pivotal role in genomic stability. Recent studies have shown that apoptosis process is blocked in AML patient by the excessive telomerase activity in cancerous blasts. Therefore, the find of effective ways to prevent disease progression has been considered by the researchers. Natural killer (NK) cells as granular effector cells play a critical role in elimination of abnormal and tumor cells. Given that the cytotoxic function of NK cells is disrupted in the AML patients, we investigated the effect of telomerase inhibitors on NK cell differentiation. Methods: To evaluate telomerase inhibition on NK cell differentiation, the expression of CD105, CD56, CD57, and KIRs was evaluated in CD34+ derived NK cells after incubation of them with BIBR1532. Results: The results showed that the expression of CD105, CD56, CD57, and KIRs receptors reduces after telomerase inhibition. According to these findings, BIBR1532 affected the final differentiation of NK cells. Conclusion: The results revealed that telomerase inhibitor drugs suppress cancer cell progression in a NK cells-independent process.

目的:急性髓性白血病(AML)是一种侵袭性和高致命性的血液系统恶性肿瘤,适用于成人和儿童。目前的治疗方法,包括放疗和化疗的耐药性及其副作用和端粒缩短是AML患者死亡的主要原因。端粒序列位于真核生物染色体末端,对基因组的稳定性起着至关重要的作用。最近的研究表明,AML患者的细胞凋亡过程被癌性细胞中过度的端粒酶活性所阻断。因此,寻找有效的预防疾病进展的方法已被研究人员所考虑。NK细胞作为颗粒效应细胞,在异常细胞和肿瘤细胞的清除中起着至关重要的作用。鉴于AML患者NK细胞的细胞毒功能被破坏,我们研究了端粒酶抑制剂对NK细胞分化的影响。方法:为了评估端粒酶对NK细胞分化的抑制作用,在CD34+ NK细胞中,BIBR1532孵育后,检测CD105、CD56、CD57和KIRs的表达。结果:端粒酶抑制后,CD105、CD56、CD57和KIRs受体表达降低。根据这些发现,BIBR1532影响NK细胞的最终分化。结论:端粒酶抑制剂对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用与NK细胞无关。
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引用次数: 6
Cytotoxicity Induced by Newly Synthesized Palladium (II) Complexes Lead to the Death of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 Cancer Cell Lines. 新合成的钯(II)配合物诱导的细胞毒性导致MCF-7和MDA-MB-435癌细胞死亡
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.017
Bruna Alexandre Oliveira da Silva, Isabela Spido Dias, Luís Eduardo Sarto, Elba Pereira de Gois, Claudia Torres, Eduardo Tonon de Almeida, Cibele Marli Cação Paiva Gouvêa

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Traditional therapy for cancer treatment is far from satisfactory due to drug resistance and side effects, thus a search for new medicines is being emphasized. Palladium(II) complexes have been reported as anticancer potential agents. In this work, the anticancer activities and cell death induction of a new series of square-planar Pd(II) complexes were evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cells. Methods: MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) cells were cultivated, and treated with ligand and Pd(II) complexes. Cell growth, migration and adhesion inhibition, morphological alterations, cell death induction and, DNA interaction upon treatment were studied. Results: Pd(II) complexes exhibited both short and long-term antiproliferative effects on both cell lines, reducing by 80% cell growth in the SRB assay and abolishing longterm proliferation, estimated by the clonogenic assay. Complexes reduced significantly (P<0.05) cell migration and adhesion when compared to the control group. Complexes induced morphological alterations in cell lines and significant (P<0.05) cellular shrinkage. Cell death was induced and the complexes were able to interact with DNA, inducing cleavage of double-stranded DNA, which may account for the complexes cytotoxic effects, observed against both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cells. Conclusion: Overall, the complexes exhibited cytotoxic activities and induced cell death. These observations emphasize an anticancer role with a potential therapeutic value for Pd(II) complexes to improve the outcome of patients with breast cancer and melanoma.

目的:乳腺癌是最常见的女性恶性肿瘤,黑色素瘤是最致命的皮肤癌类型。传统的癌症治疗方法由于耐药和副作用,远远不能令人满意,因此正在强调寻找新的药物。钯(II)配合物已被报道为潜在的抗癌药物。在这项工作中,评估了一系列新的方形平面Pd(II)复合物对MCF-7和MDA-MB-435癌细胞的抗癌活性和细胞死亡诱导。方法:培养MCF-7(乳腺癌)和MDA-MB-435(黑色素瘤)细胞,用配体和Pd(II)复合物处理。研究了处理后细胞的生长、迁移和粘附抑制、形态改变、细胞死亡诱导和DNA相互作用。结果:Pd(II)复合物对两种细胞系都表现出短期和长期的抗增殖作用,在SRB实验中降低了80%的细胞生长,并通过克隆生成实验估计消除了长期的增殖。结论:总的来说,复合物具有细胞毒活性并诱导细胞死亡。这些观察结果强调了Pd(II)复合物在改善乳腺癌和黑色素瘤患者预后方面的抗癌作用和潜在的治疗价值。
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引用次数: 1
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cell Injury Induced by Methimazole on Pancreatic Cells. 内质网应激在甲巯咪唑诱导胰腺细胞损伤中的作用。
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.042
Özge Yazıcı, Mehtap Kara, Tuğçe Boran, Gul Ozhan
Purpose: Methimazole is an anti-thyroid agent, especially as main therapy option for Graves’ disease in children and adults. Drug induced pancreatitis is one of the known adverse effect of methimazole mentioned in case reports. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of methimazole-induced pancreatitis are still unclear. In this study, the aim is to investigate the adverse effect of methimazole on pancreas cell stress mechanism and apoptosis. Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human pancreas/duct (PANC-1) cell line. Total oxidant (TOS) and antioxidant status (TAS) for oxidative stress index, glutathione (GSH) level and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers were evaluated by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis were evaluated by flow-cytometer. Results: The 30% inhibition rate concentration (IC30) value was determined as 53 mM in PANC1 cells. The exposure concentrations were in the range of 0-40 mM for 48 hours. Methimazole might induce cellular stress conditions. ROS production increases depending on concentration, and this increase shows parallelism with the increase in ER stress biomarkers such as TOS, ERN1 and CASPASE12. Conversely, there was no significant difference between control and exposure groups in terms of apoptosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, methimazole might have triggered the mechanisms of inflammation or autophagy in the pancreatic cells. However, there is still a need for in vitro and in vivo studies including other cellular parameters related to apoptosis.
目的:甲巯咪唑是一种抗甲状腺药物,尤其作为儿童和成人Graves病的主要治疗选择。药物性胰腺炎是病例报告中提到的已知的甲巯咪唑不良反应之一。然而,甲巯咪唑诱发胰腺炎的详细分子机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨甲巯咪唑对胰腺细胞应激机制和细胞凋亡的不良影响。方法:对人胰/胰管(PANC-1)细胞株进行细胞毒性评价。采用ELISA法测定氧化应激指数、谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平和内质网(ER)应激生物标志物的总氧化剂(TOS)和抗氧化状态(TAS)。流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平和细胞凋亡。结果:PANC1细胞30%抑制率浓度(IC30)值为53 mM。暴露浓度在0 ~ 40 mM范围内,持续48小时。甲巯咪唑可能引起细胞应激。ROS的产生随着浓度的增加而增加,这种增加与内质网应激生物标志物如TOS、ERN1和CASPASE12的增加呈平行关系。相反,对照组和暴露组在细胞凋亡方面没有显著差异。结论:甲巯咪唑可能具有触发胰腺细胞炎症或自噬的机制。然而,仍然需要进行包括与凋亡相关的其他细胞参数在内的体外和体内研究。
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引用次数: 0
Ferroptosis as a Potential Cell Death Mechanism Against Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer Cell Line. 铁下垂作为顺铂耐药肺癌细胞系的潜在细胞死亡机制。
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.019
Morteza Golbashirzadeh, Hamid Reza Heidari, Mehdi Talebi, Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi

Purpose: Drug resistance is a challenging issue in cancer chemotherapy. Cell death induction is one of the main strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Notably, ferroptosis has been considered a critical cell death mechanism in recent years. Accordingly, in this study, the different cell death strategies focused on ferroptosis have been utilized to overcome cisplatin resistance in an in vitro lung cancer model. Methods: The physiological functions of Akt1 and GPX4, as critical targets for ferroptosis and apoptosis induction, were suppressed by siRNA or antagonistic agents in resistant A549 cells. Afterward, the interventions' impacts on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount were analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, the alteration in the relevant gene and protein expression levels were quantified using Real-time PCR and western blot methods. Results: The result showed that the treatment with Akt1 siRNA reversed the cisplatin resistance in the A549 cell line through the induction of apoptosis. Likewise, the combination treatment of the GPX4 siRNA or FIN56 as ferroptosis inducers alongside cisplatin elevated ROS's cellular level, reduced the cellular antioxidant genes level and increased the cisplatin cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study indicated that ferroptosis induction can be considered a promising cell death strategy in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells.

目的:耐药是肿瘤化疗中一个具有挑战性的问题。诱导细胞死亡是克服化疗耐药的主要策略之一。值得注意的是,近年来,铁下垂被认为是一种重要的细胞死亡机制。因此,在本研究中,在体外肺癌模型中,以铁下垂为重点的不同细胞死亡策略被用来克服顺铂耐药性。方法:在耐药A549细胞中,通过siRNA或拮抗剂抑制Akt1和GPX4作为铁下垂和诱导凋亡的关键靶点的生理功能。之后,通过流式细胞术分析干预对细胞活力和活性氧(ROS)数量的影响。采用Real-time PCR和western blot方法对相关基因和蛋白表达水平的变化进行定量分析。结果:结果显示,Akt1 siRNA通过诱导凋亡逆转A549细胞株的顺铂耐药。同样,GPX4 siRNA或FIN56作为铁凋亡诱导剂与顺铂联合治疗可升高ROS的细胞水平,降低细胞抗氧化基因水平,增加顺铂的细胞毒性作用。结论:我们的研究表明,诱导铁下垂可以被认为是顺铂耐药癌细胞的一种有希望的细胞死亡策略。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Silibinin Effect on U-CH2 and MCF-7 Cell Lines through xCELLigence System. 水飞蓟宾素对U-CH2和MCF-7细胞系的作用
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.002
Zohreh Jahanafrooz, Beate Rinner
Silibinin is an herbal polyphenol with high antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, its influence on U-CH2 (human sacral chordoma cell line) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells was investigated and compared. We analyzed real-time cell viability by xCELLigence system. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of silibinin began about 10 hours after administration. Silibinin differentially influenced MCF-7 and U-CH2 cells and caused decrease in the cell index value of MCF-7 cells more than U-CH2 cells (more than 2 times) at 24 h. This suggests that silibinin is a promising drug for breast cancer but less favorable for chordoma.
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引用次数: 0
Encapsulation of Vitamins Using Nanoliposome: Recent Advances and Perspectives. 纳米脂质体对维生素包封的研究进展与展望。
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.005
Masoud Aman Mohammadi, Parastou Farshi, Parisa Ahmadi, Azam Ahmadi, Mohammad Yousefi, Marjan Ghorbani, Seyede Marzieh Hosseini

Nowadays the importance of vitamins is clear for everyone. However, many patients are suffering from insufficient intake of vitamins. Incomplete intake of different vitamins from food sources due to their destruction during food processing or decrease in their bioavailability when mixing with other food materials, are factors resulting in vitamin deficiency in the body. Therefore, various lipid based nanocarriers such as nanoliposomes were developed to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Since the function of nanoliposomes containing vitamins on the body has a direct relationship with the quality of produced nanoliposomes, this review study was planned to investigate the several aspects of liposomal characteristics such as size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency on the quality of synthesized vitamin-loaded nanoliposomes.

如今,维生素的重要性对每个人来说都是显而易见的。然而,许多患者都患有维生素摄入不足。由于不同的维生素在食品加工过程中被破坏或与其他食品材料混合时生物利用度降低,从食物来源中摄入不完全,是导致体内维生素缺乏的因素。因此,各种基于脂质的纳米载体如纳米脂质体被开发出来以提高生物活性化合物的生物利用度。由于含维生素纳米脂质体对机体的作用与所制备的纳米脂质体的质量有直接关系,因此,本综述拟从脂质体的大小、多分散性指数、zeta电位、包封效率等几个方面对所合成的含维生素纳米脂质体的质量进行研究。
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引用次数: 2
Localised Delivery of Cisplatin from Chitosan-Coated Titania Nanotube Array Nanosystems Targeting Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. 壳聚糖包被二氧化钛纳米管阵列纳米系统靶向鼻咽癌的局部递送顺铂。
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.011
Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis Effendy, Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Srimala Sreekantan

Pupose: Cisplatin (CDDP), while amongst the recognised chemotherapeutic drugs currently available, is known to have limitations; the lack of a single treatment approach and non-specific targeted therapies. Therefore, the development of an innovative strategy that could achieve localised CDDP treatment is an urgent undertaking. Recent advances in titania nanotube arrays (TNAs) technology have demonstrated promising applications for localised chemotherapeutic drug treatment. The present work investigated the efficiency of a TNA nanosystem for the localised CDDP treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: Two models of the TNA nanosystem were prepared: CDDP loaded onto the TNA nanosystem surface (CDDP-TNA) and the other consisted of chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA. CDDP release from these two nanosystems was comprehensively tested on the NPC cells NPC/HK-1 and C666-1. The NPC cytotoxicity profile of the two CDDP-TNA nanosystems was evaluated after incubation for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Intracellular damage profiles were studied using fluorescence microscopy analysis with Hoechst 33342, acridine orange and propidium iodide. Results: The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of CDDP at 24 hours were 0.50 mM for NPC/HK-1 and 0.05 mM for C666-1. CDDP in the CDDP-TNA and chitosan-coated CDDPTNA models presented a significant degree of NPC inhibition (P<0.05) after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure. The outcome revealed cellular damage and shrinkage of the cell membranes after 48 hours of exposure to CDDP-TNA. Conclusion: This in vitro work demonstrated the effectiveness of TNA nanosystems for the localised CDDP treatment of NPC cells. Further in vivo studies are needed to support the findings.

目的:顺铂(CDDP)虽然是目前公认的化疗药物之一,但已知具有局限性;缺乏单一的治疗方法和非特异性靶向治疗。因此,开发一种能够实现局部CDDP治疗的创新策略是一项紧迫的任务。二氧化钛纳米管阵列(tna)技术在局部化疗药物治疗中的应用前景广阔。本研究研究了TNA纳米系统在鼻咽癌(NPC)局部CDDP治疗中的效率。方法:制备了两种TNA纳米系统模型:一种是负载在TNA纳米系统表面的CDDP-TNA,另一种是壳聚糖包被的CDDP-TNA。研究了两种纳米体系在鼻咽癌细胞NPC/HK-1和C666-1上的CDDP释放情况。在孵育24、48和72小时后,对两种CDDP-TNA纳米系统的NPC细胞毒性进行了评估。用荧光显微镜分析Hoechst 33342、吖啶橙和碘化丙啶对细胞内损伤谱进行研究。结果:CDDP对NPC/HK-1的半最大抑制浓度(IC50)为0.50 mM,对C666-1的半最大抑制浓度为0.05 mM。CDDP-TNA和壳聚糖包被的CDDPTNA模型中的CDDP表现出显著程度的鼻咽癌抑制(结论:体外实验证明了TNA纳米系统对鼻咽癌细胞局部CDDP治疗的有效性。需要进一步的体内研究来支持这些发现。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of the Effects of Apigenin, a Possible Therapeutic Agent, on Cytotoxic and SWH Pathway in Colorectal Cancer (HT29) Cells. 芹菜素对结直肠癌(HT29)细胞毒性和SWH通路影响的研究
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.020
Mustafa Cicek, Velid Unsal, Arif Emre, Adem Doganer

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies in humans, still leading to serious morbidity and mortality. We here aimed to investigate the effects of flavonoid apigenin, which is considered to have anti-tumoral activity on CRC with high epidemiological prevalence, on cell proliferation and cell survivals, and the positive and negative dose-dependent effects of genetic or mutational alterations in SWH pathway components on HT29 CRC cell lines. Methods: Human colon cancer cell lines HT-29 were commercially available. In each flask, 5 groups were formed, each of which consists of 5,000 cells for different dose groups and the cells were plated. After a 24 and 48 h incubation period, cytotoxicity values were measured by MTT assay and gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis method. Results: Application of 12.5 and 25 nM of apigenin significantly increased cell death in HT29 cell lines. LATS1, STK3 and TP53 gene expression decreased in the same dose groups compared to control and other groups. Conclusion: It has been concluded that TP53 gene is strongly correlated with LATS1 and STK3 genes among the SWH pathway factors in the progression of CRC and could be used as an important marker for early detection of malignant transmission. In addition, it may be effective in CRC cases especially when 25 nM of apigenin applies for therapeutic purpose.

目的:结直肠癌(CRC)是人类最常见和最致命的恶性肿瘤之一,仍然导致严重的发病率和死亡率。黄酮类芹菜素被认为对高流行率的结直肠癌具有抗肿瘤活性,我们旨在研究黄酮类芹菜素对细胞增殖和细胞存活的影响,以及SWH通路组分遗传或突变改变对HT29结直肠癌细胞系的正、负剂量依赖性影响。方法:市售人结肠癌细胞系HT-29。在每个烧瓶中,形成5组,每组5000个细胞,用于不同剂量组,细胞被镀。孵育24和48 h后,采用MTT法测定细胞毒性值,采用实时聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测基因表达。结果:12.5 nM和25 nM芹菜素均能显著提高HT29细胞株的细胞死亡率。与对照组和其他组相比,相同剂量组的LATS1、STK3和TP53基因表达降低。结论:在结直肠癌的SWH通路因子中,TP53基因与LATS1、STK3基因密切相关,可作为早期发现恶性传播的重要标志。此外,在结直肠癌病例中,特别是当应用25 nM的芹菜素治疗时,可能有效。
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引用次数: 0
Immunotherapy in Cancer Management: A Literature Review of Clinical Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. 免疫疗法在癌症管理中的应用:派姆单抗治疗非小细胞肺癌临床疗效的文献综述。
IF 3.6 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.007
Luísa Biscaglia Miquelotti, Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari, Luana Mota Ferreira

Purpose: Cancer is a global public health problem that affects millions of people every year and the immunotherapy has been a promising alternative for its treatment. The aim of this study was to gather data concerning the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), emphasizing pembrolizumb, a humanized antibody. This study also reports the role of immunotherapy in cancer treatments, contemplating the anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-L1 and anti PD-1 action in lymphocyte T cells. Methods: A bibliographic review was performed using Pubmed, SCIELO and SCOPUS databases, screening the scientific studies published within the last 5 years. Results: Seven clinical trials were selected to discuss the benefits of pembrolizumab as NSCLC therapy in untreated and previously treated patients, considering or not the tumor proportion score (TPS). It was found that NSCLC occurs with great frequency in Brazil and worldwide, presenting a poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis in most cases. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for NSCLC because its benefits overcome its risks compared to other therapies. Besides, the studies evidenced the efficiency of pembrolizumab as monotherapy or in association whit chemotherapy, in the first or second line of treatment and, additionally, patient's whit TPS ≥ 50% seem to have a greater benefit from the treatment. Conclusion: The data collected herein showed that pembrolizumab is a very promising, effective, and safe treatment option against NSCLC. Lastly, it is important to highlight the relevance of review's studies, since they are easy-to-read materials, collecting relevant information on a subject.

目的:癌症是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,每年影响数百万人,免疫疗法是一种很有前途的治疗方法。本研究的目的是收集有关免疫疗法治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的有效性和安全性的数据,强调派姆单抗,一种人源化抗体。本研究还报道了免疫治疗在癌症治疗中的作用,研究了淋巴细胞T细胞中抗ctla4、抗pd - l1和抗PD-1的作用。方法:使用Pubmed、SCIELO和SCOPUS数据库进行文献综述,筛选近5年内发表的科学研究。结果:我们选择了7项临床试验,在考虑或不考虑肿瘤比例评分(TPS)的情况下,讨论派姆单抗作为非小细胞肺癌治疗的益处。研究发现,NSCLC在巴西和世界范围内的发病率很高,由于大多数病例诊断较晚,预后较差。免疫疗法是一种很有前途的治疗策略,因为与其他疗法相比,它的益处克服了风险。此外,这些研究证明了pembrolizumab作为单一疗法或联合化疗在一线或二线治疗中的有效性,此外,患者的白色TPS≥50%似乎从治疗中获得了更大的益处。结论:本文收集的数据表明,派姆单抗是一种非常有前景、有效和安全的治疗NSCLC的选择。最后,重要的是要强调综述研究的相关性,因为它们是易于阅读的材料,收集了一个主题的相关信息。
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引用次数: 2
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Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin
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