Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2023.2218148
A. Geraets, A. Cosma, Anne-Siri Fismen, Kristiina Ojala, D. Pierannunzio, C. Kelly, Marina Melkumova, Charlene Vassallo, Jelena Gudelj Rakic, Andreas Heinz
{"title":"Cross-national time trends in adolescent body weight perception and the explanatory role of overweight/obesity prevalence","authors":"A. Geraets, A. Cosma, Anne-Siri Fismen, Kristiina Ojala, D. Pierannunzio, C. Kelly, Marina Melkumova, Charlene Vassallo, Jelena Gudelj Rakic, Andreas Heinz","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2023.2218148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2023.2218148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43233676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2023.2189875
E. Howie, C. Lamm, Marilou Shreve, Aaron R. Caldwell, M. Ganio
ABSTRACT Background Adolescence is a critical time for establishing behaviors. 24-hour movement behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, and sedentary time, are likely to influence obesity, cardiovascular, and cognitive health. The aim was to examine associations between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health and cognitive functions in adolescents with and without obesity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included adolescents (n = 30, ages 12–16) with obesity and normal weight controls matched on age and sex. 24-hr movement behaviors of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep were assessed using waist-worn accelerometers. Cardiometabolic health was measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery, body composition via dual x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood analyses of cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. Cognitive health was assessed using two computer-based tasks. Linear regressions were used to examine associations between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and cognition. Results In examining relationships between 24-hr movement behaviors and cardiometabolic health, when adjusted for body fat percentage, MVPA was positively associated with cardiovascular health (FMD log difference 0.1, 95%CI: 0.003, 95%CI: .001, .01, p = .020), sedentary time was negatively associated (−0.7, 95%CI: −1.3, −0.2, p = .016), and total sleep time was negatively associated with HDL cholesterol (−0.1, 95%CI: −0.2, −0.005, p = .039). There were no statistically significant associations between 24-hr movement behaviors and cognitive outcomes, except sleep and reactive control. When examining relationships between cardiometabolic and cognitive outcomes, higher HDL was associated with improved cognitive accuracy and higher insulin was associated with slower reaction times. Conclusions 24-hour movement behaviors of MVPA, sedentary time, and sleep time were associated with cardiometabolic measurements in a small sample. 24-hr movement behaviors, particularly MVPA and sedentary time, may be important behaviors for cardiometabolic health in adolescents, independent of body composition. Additional research is needed on the triadic relationship between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and cognitive performance.
{"title":"Beyond weight: associations between 24-hour movement behaviors, cardiometabolic and cognitive health in adolescents with and without obesity","authors":"E. Howie, C. Lamm, Marilou Shreve, Aaron R. Caldwell, M. Ganio","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2023.2189875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2023.2189875","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Adolescence is a critical time for establishing behaviors. 24-hour movement behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, and sedentary time, are likely to influence obesity, cardiovascular, and cognitive health. The aim was to examine associations between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health and cognitive functions in adolescents with and without obesity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included adolescents (n = 30, ages 12–16) with obesity and normal weight controls matched on age and sex. 24-hr movement behaviors of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep were assessed using waist-worn accelerometers. Cardiometabolic health was measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery, body composition via dual x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood analyses of cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. Cognitive health was assessed using two computer-based tasks. Linear regressions were used to examine associations between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and cognition. Results In examining relationships between 24-hr movement behaviors and cardiometabolic health, when adjusted for body fat percentage, MVPA was positively associated with cardiovascular health (FMD log difference 0.1, 95%CI: 0.003, 95%CI: .001, .01, p = .020), sedentary time was negatively associated (−0.7, 95%CI: −1.3, −0.2, p = .016), and total sleep time was negatively associated with HDL cholesterol (−0.1, 95%CI: −0.2, −0.005, p = .039). There were no statistically significant associations between 24-hr movement behaviors and cognitive outcomes, except sleep and reactive control. When examining relationships between cardiometabolic and cognitive outcomes, higher HDL was associated with improved cognitive accuracy and higher insulin was associated with slower reaction times. Conclusions 24-hour movement behaviors of MVPA, sedentary time, and sleep time were associated with cardiometabolic measurements in a small sample. 24-hr movement behaviors, particularly MVPA and sedentary time, may be important behaviors for cardiometabolic health in adolescents, independent of body composition. Additional research is needed on the triadic relationship between 24-hr movement behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and cognitive performance.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46130155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2022.2140576
P. Moliterno, Julia Matjazic, K. Widhalm
ABSTRACT Background Childhood obesity prevention is crucial. This study aimed to assess the effect of a 6-month intervention with nutritional training and physical activity education on body fat, BMI-SDS, and consumption of sugary drinks and sweets in a sample of 69 Viennese schoolboys aged 8–11 years. Methods The “EDDY-Kids” study was a prevention project in a Viennese elementary school aiming to prevent excessive weight gain and obesity by increasing nutrition knowledge and daily physical activity. During the school year 2018/2019, 69 boys were recruited; weight, height, fat mass, and consumption of sugary drinks and sweets were examined at the beginning (December 2018) and at the end of the project (June 2019). Only the intervention group received nutrition lessons and physical activity education once and twice weekly, respectively. Results At baseline, 19/36 boys in the intervention group had overweight/obesity and 11/33 in the control group (p = 0.14). After the intervention, no significant differences in changes in BMI-SDS between the intervention and the control group were observed (p = 0.35). Body fat percentage changed from 30.5% (25.8–31.7%) to 29.4% (24.3–30.4%) in the intervention group, and from 23.3% (22.0–27.0%) to 23.7% (21.7–26.8%) in the control group (p = 0.013). At baseline, there were no differences in the consumption of sugary drinks and sweets between the intervention and the control group. After 6-months of intervention, the median consumption of sugary drinks and sweets remained similar in the intervention and the control group, and no differences between groups (p > 0.40) were found. Conclusion A 6-month combined intervention promoting healthier dietary and physical activity habits in schoolboys from Vienna positively and modestly affected the percentage of body fat. Reduced body fat may be beneficial independently of changes in BMI-SDS.
{"title":"Improvement of body composition in 8- to 11-year-old schoolboys: effects of a 6-months lifestyle intervention A retrospective evaluation of the “EDDY-Kids” prevention study","authors":"P. Moliterno, Julia Matjazic, K. Widhalm","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2022.2140576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2022.2140576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Childhood obesity prevention is crucial. This study aimed to assess the effect of a 6-month intervention with nutritional training and physical activity education on body fat, BMI-SDS, and consumption of sugary drinks and sweets in a sample of 69 Viennese schoolboys aged 8–11 years. Methods The “EDDY-Kids” study was a prevention project in a Viennese elementary school aiming to prevent excessive weight gain and obesity by increasing nutrition knowledge and daily physical activity. During the school year 2018/2019, 69 boys were recruited; weight, height, fat mass, and consumption of sugary drinks and sweets were examined at the beginning (December 2018) and at the end of the project (June 2019). Only the intervention group received nutrition lessons and physical activity education once and twice weekly, respectively. Results At baseline, 19/36 boys in the intervention group had overweight/obesity and 11/33 in the control group (p = 0.14). After the intervention, no significant differences in changes in BMI-SDS between the intervention and the control group were observed (p = 0.35). Body fat percentage changed from 30.5% (25.8–31.7%) to 29.4% (24.3–30.4%) in the intervention group, and from 23.3% (22.0–27.0%) to 23.7% (21.7–26.8%) in the control group (p = 0.013). At baseline, there were no differences in the consumption of sugary drinks and sweets between the intervention and the control group. After 6-months of intervention, the median consumption of sugary drinks and sweets remained similar in the intervention and the control group, and no differences between groups (p > 0.40) were found. Conclusion A 6-month combined intervention promoting healthier dietary and physical activity habits in schoolboys from Vienna positively and modestly affected the percentage of body fat. Reduced body fat may be beneficial independently of changes in BMI-SDS.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2022.2135352
Hoi Lun Cheng, Matthew Behan, Amy Zhang, F. Garden, Ben W. R. Balzer, G. Luscombe, C. Hawke, Karen Paxton, K. Steinbeck
ABSTRACT Background Earlier timing, and possibly faster tempo, of puberty is associated with overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob). However, most studies consider these concepts separately when investigating the implications to adolescent weight gain. Aim To assess pubertal timing and tempo associations with weight gain over early-mid adolescence. Subjects and methods This study analyzed data from 263 healthy adolescents (10–13y at recruitment) who were followed annually for three years. Growth models were employed to estimate timing and tempo of peak height growth and self-reported Tanner stage (TS) change. Timing and tempo variables were assessed against anthropometry and body composition change via mixed models (data: estimate [95% confidence interval]). Results In girls, earlier height and TS change were associated with higher BMI z-score (height: −0.51 [−0.85, −0.17], p = 0.004; TS: −0.43 [−0.67, −0.20], p < 0.001) and waist-to-height ratio (height: −0.02 [−0.04, −0.00]) 0.025; TS: −0.01 [−0.03, −0.00]; p = 0.028). There were no consistent findings for pubertal tempo among girls. In boys, earlier timing and slower tempo of height growth consistently related to higher adiposity across all anthropometric and body fat variables (all p < 0.01). Timing and tempo of TS change showed no consistent findings among boys. Conclusion Relative to pubertal tempo, girls with earlier height and TS change exhibited significantly higher BMI z-score and waist-to-height ratio. This finding corroborates strong evidence linking earlier female puberty with elevated adiposity. In boys, timing and tempo of height growth showed independent but compensatory relationships with anthropometry and body composition. This suggests the risk of excess weight gain in boys may be less attributable to puberty compared to other risk factors.
{"title":"The tempo and timing of puberty: associations with early adolescent weight gain and body composition over three years","authors":"Hoi Lun Cheng, Matthew Behan, Amy Zhang, F. Garden, Ben W. R. Balzer, G. Luscombe, C. Hawke, Karen Paxton, K. Steinbeck","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2022.2135352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2022.2135352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Earlier timing, and possibly faster tempo, of puberty is associated with overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob). However, most studies consider these concepts separately when investigating the implications to adolescent weight gain. Aim To assess pubertal timing and tempo associations with weight gain over early-mid adolescence. Subjects and methods This study analyzed data from 263 healthy adolescents (10–13y at recruitment) who were followed annually for three years. Growth models were employed to estimate timing and tempo of peak height growth and self-reported Tanner stage (TS) change. Timing and tempo variables were assessed against anthropometry and body composition change via mixed models (data: estimate [95% confidence interval]). Results In girls, earlier height and TS change were associated with higher BMI z-score (height: −0.51 [−0.85, −0.17], p = 0.004; TS: −0.43 [−0.67, −0.20], p < 0.001) and waist-to-height ratio (height: −0.02 [−0.04, −0.00]) 0.025; TS: −0.01 [−0.03, −0.00]; p = 0.028). There were no consistent findings for pubertal tempo among girls. In boys, earlier timing and slower tempo of height growth consistently related to higher adiposity across all anthropometric and body fat variables (all p < 0.01). Timing and tempo of TS change showed no consistent findings among boys. Conclusion Relative to pubertal tempo, girls with earlier height and TS change exhibited significantly higher BMI z-score and waist-to-height ratio. This finding corroborates strong evidence linking earlier female puberty with elevated adiposity. In boys, timing and tempo of height growth showed independent but compensatory relationships with anthropometry and body composition. This suggests the risk of excess weight gain in boys may be less attributable to puberty compared to other risk factors.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47546992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2021.2019556
K. Widhalm
Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is still widely regarded as a cosmetic or optic problem. This is not only true for parents, who frequently do not recognise, that a child is or becomes obese, it is also true for many physicians, paediatricians, general practitioners, teachers and so on. The reason for their refusal to believe overweight that obesity is present in a particular child is manifold: some parents/grandparents think that a baby/child with overweight is healthier than a child which looks undernourished. The other reason is the fact that a majority of parents do not want to realize that their child is overweight or obese, because they are suppressing their feelings to be responsible for this fact. The only consequence of these facts is that the scientific and medical community must increase all supreme efforts to improve information, education both on a medical and on a psychological basis. In this regard, the psychological problems of children suffering from obesity is also widely underestimated many obese children and adolescents report that they are being mocked and disrespected from their peers in school and in their social environment. Some of them have severe problems to maintain social contacts which often follows isolation and depression (Rankin 2016; Smith and Kobayashi 2020). The other side of the coin is the economic damage and injury of obesity in the young population. A recent publication of OECD describes clearly that children pay a large price being overweight or obese. They have poorer success in their schools and less possibilities for a higher education. They have less “life satisfaction”. OECD countries spend 8,4% of their budget for the treatment of obesity and follow-up diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, joint problems, liver damages. Psychological problems, etc.). Overweight is responsible for approximately 70% of the costs for diabetes, 23% cardiovascular diseases and 9% for cancer. The experts of OECD conclude, that prevention of obesity is the best method to avoid most of these medical, psychological and economic problems (OECD 2019). They have calculated that 1 USD spent on prevention is accompanied by an economic return of 6 USD. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2022, VOL. 5, NO. 1, 1–2 https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.2019556
{"title":"Obesity in children/adolescents | Editorial CHAO","authors":"K. Widhalm","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2021.2019556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.2019556","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is still widely regarded as a cosmetic or optic problem. This is not only true for parents, who frequently do not recognise, that a child is or becomes obese, it is also true for many physicians, paediatricians, general practitioners, teachers and so on. The reason for their refusal to believe overweight that obesity is present in a particular child is manifold: some parents/grandparents think that a baby/child with overweight is healthier than a child which looks undernourished. The other reason is the fact that a majority of parents do not want to realize that their child is overweight or obese, because they are suppressing their feelings to be responsible for this fact. The only consequence of these facts is that the scientific and medical community must increase all supreme efforts to improve information, education both on a medical and on a psychological basis. In this regard, the psychological problems of children suffering from obesity is also widely underestimated many obese children and adolescents report that they are being mocked and disrespected from their peers in school and in their social environment. Some of them have severe problems to maintain social contacts which often follows isolation and depression (Rankin 2016; Smith and Kobayashi 2020). The other side of the coin is the economic damage and injury of obesity in the young population. A recent publication of OECD describes clearly that children pay a large price being overweight or obese. They have poorer success in their schools and less possibilities for a higher education. They have less “life satisfaction”. OECD countries spend 8,4% of their budget for the treatment of obesity and follow-up diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, joint problems, liver damages. Psychological problems, etc.). Overweight is responsible for approximately 70% of the costs for diabetes, 23% cardiovascular diseases and 9% for cancer. The experts of OECD conclude, that prevention of obesity is the best method to avoid most of these medical, psychological and economic problems (OECD 2019). They have calculated that 1 USD spent on prevention is accompanied by an economic return of 6 USD. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2022, VOL. 5, NO. 1, 1–2 https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.2019556","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42619210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2021.2021788
Pamela L Ferguson, Sarah Commodore, Brian Neelon, JacKetta Cobbs, Anthony C Sciscione, William A Grobman, Roger B Newman, Alan T Tita, Michael P Nageotte, Kristy Palomares, Daniel W Skupski, John E Vena, Kelly J Hunt
Introduction: A few studies have identified childhood animal exposure as associated with adiposity, but results are inconsistent and differ in timing.
Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study of children ages 4-8 in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes [ECHO] study. The main exposure was having a dog in the home and/or regular contact with farm animals during the first year of life. Outcomes of interest were child BMI percentile (adjusted for gender and age) categorized as normal/underweight (<85th percentile), overweight (85th to <95th), and obese (≥95th), and percent fat mass (continuous). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression and multivariable linear regression, respectively, with and without multiple imputation.
Results: First year animal exposure occurred in 245 of 770 (31.8%) children. Children with early animal exposure had 0.53 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.997) times the odds of being in the obese BMI category compared to those exposed to animals after controlling for covariates: maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, race/ethnicity, reported child activity level, receiving food assistance, age child began daycare (<1 year vs 1+), exclusively breastfed x6 months, and NICU admission (n=721). Children with early animal exposure had, on average, 1.5% (95% CI: -3.0, -0.1) less fat mass than exposed children after adjustment for maternal BMI, race/ethnicity, activity, food assistance, breastfeeding, and maternal education (n=548). Multiple imputation did not alter either result.
Conclusion: These results provide evidence that exposure to dogs or farm animals in the first year of life is associated with lower odds of obesity and lower percent fat mass in childhood.
{"title":"Early Exposure to Animals and Childhood Body Mass Index Percentile and Percentage Fat Mass.","authors":"Pamela L Ferguson, Sarah Commodore, Brian Neelon, JacKetta Cobbs, Anthony C Sciscione, William A Grobman, Roger B Newman, Alan T Tita, Michael P Nageotte, Kristy Palomares, Daniel W Skupski, John E Vena, Kelly J Hunt","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2021.2021788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2021.2021788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A few studies have identified childhood animal exposure as associated with adiposity, but results are inconsistent and differ in timing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational cohort study of children ages 4-8 in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes [ECHO] study. The main exposure was having a dog in the home and/or regular contact with farm animals during the first year of life. Outcomes of interest were child BMI percentile (adjusted for gender and age) categorized as normal/underweight (<85<sup>th</sup> percentile), overweight (85<sup>th</sup> to <95<sup>th</sup>), and obese (≥95<sup>th</sup>), and percent fat mass (continuous). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression and multivariable linear regression, respectively, with and without multiple imputation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First year animal exposure occurred in 245 of 770 (31.8%) children. Children with early animal exposure had 0.53 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.997) times the odds of being in the obese BMI category compared to those exposed to animals after controlling for covariates: maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, race/ethnicity, reported child activity level, receiving food assistance, age child began daycare (<1 year vs 1+), exclusively breastfed x6 months, and NICU admission (n=721). Children with early animal exposure had, on average, 1.5% (95% CI: -3.0, -0.1) less fat mass than exposed children after adjustment for maternal BMI, race/ethnicity, activity, food assistance, breastfeeding, and maternal education (n=548). Multiple imputation did not alter either result.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results provide evidence that exposure to dogs or farm animals in the first year of life is associated with lower odds of obesity and lower percent fat mass in childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8813042/pdf/nihms-1769157.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9090252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2021.2002061
A. Thiele, N. Prinz, Monika Flury, M. Hess, Daniela Klose, T. Meissner, K. Raile, Ilona Weis, Sabine Wenzel, S. Tittel, T. Kapellen, R. Holl
ABSTRACT Background Diet modification has the potential to influence glycemic control and diabetes outcome in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This cross-sectional study aimed to assess types of diets being reported by patients with T1D and documented in the Diabetes Patients Follow-Up Registry (DPV). Methods The DPV registry was screened for additional free text entries containing information about certain diets and/or physician-based diagnoses requiring special diets e. g. celiac disease. Descriptive analysis and unadjusted comparisons between patients with T1D following at least one special diet and controls (T1D without diet) were performed. Results Overall, 113,894 patients with T1D of all ages were included. In 2.3% (n = 2,595; median age 11.3 yrs [Q1; Q3: 7.0; 15.2]), at least one kind of diet was documented. These patients were significantly younger at diabetes onset than controls (median age 7.5 yrs [Q1; Q3: 3.9; 11.4] vs. 11.1 yrs [6.6; 16.7]; p < 0.001) and showed a significantly lower BMI-SDS (median [Q1; Q3]: 0.220 [−0.427;0.812] vs. 0.450 [−0.211;1.088]). Diet was more often reported in females (55.7% vs. 44.3%, p < 0.001). The three most common diets were gluten-free diet due to celiac disease, low-protein diet, and lactose-restricted diet due to lactose intolerance. A combination of two diagnoses in one patient (n = 44, 1.7% of the entire diet group) was predominantly intolerance to both fructose and lactose. Among all diet subgroups the highest BMI-SDS was found in the group diets for weight loss. Conclusions This study revealed a wide range of eating habits in patients with T1D. A special diet was more frequently documented in females. The main reason for adhering to a diet was a concomitant disease. As any diet modification could impact glycemic control, health care providers should be encouraged to regularly ask their patients about their eating habits and provide training and support by specialized dietitians.
{"title":"Special diet in type 1 diabetes: do gender and BMI-SDS differ?","authors":"A. Thiele, N. Prinz, Monika Flury, M. Hess, Daniela Klose, T. Meissner, K. Raile, Ilona Weis, Sabine Wenzel, S. Tittel, T. Kapellen, R. Holl","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2021.2002061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.2002061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Diet modification has the potential to influence glycemic control and diabetes outcome in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This cross-sectional study aimed to assess types of diets being reported by patients with T1D and documented in the Diabetes Patients Follow-Up Registry (DPV). Methods The DPV registry was screened for additional free text entries containing information about certain diets and/or physician-based diagnoses requiring special diets e. g. celiac disease. Descriptive analysis and unadjusted comparisons between patients with T1D following at least one special diet and controls (T1D without diet) were performed. Results Overall, 113,894 patients with T1D of all ages were included. In 2.3% (n = 2,595; median age 11.3 yrs [Q1; Q3: 7.0; 15.2]), at least one kind of diet was documented. These patients were significantly younger at diabetes onset than controls (median age 7.5 yrs [Q1; Q3: 3.9; 11.4] vs. 11.1 yrs [6.6; 16.7]; p < 0.001) and showed a significantly lower BMI-SDS (median [Q1; Q3]: 0.220 [−0.427;0.812] vs. 0.450 [−0.211;1.088]). Diet was more often reported in females (55.7% vs. 44.3%, p < 0.001). The three most common diets were gluten-free diet due to celiac disease, low-protein diet, and lactose-restricted diet due to lactose intolerance. A combination of two diagnoses in one patient (n = 44, 1.7% of the entire diet group) was predominantly intolerance to both fructose and lactose. Among all diet subgroups the highest BMI-SDS was found in the group diets for weight loss. Conclusions This study revealed a wide range of eating habits in patients with T1D. A special diet was more frequently documented in females. The main reason for adhering to a diet was a concomitant disease. As any diet modification could impact glycemic control, health care providers should be encouraged to regularly ask their patients about their eating habits and provide training and support by specialized dietitians.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45539521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2021.1903297
M. C. Ruiz-Jaramillo, M. López-Acevedo
ABSTRACT The incidence of metabolic syndrome in children is increasing due to the obesity epidemic. Accessible biochemical studies are required to diagnose and treat it in a timely manner. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the usefulness of the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) index as a predictor of metabolic syndrome according to the diagnostic criteria of the European initiative Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS) in obese children 3 to 10 years of age. Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in the pediatric service of León General Hospital, Guanajuato, México, from January 2017 to December 2018. In a group of 73 obese children aged 3 to 10 years, it was found that the TG/HDL-c ratio has an odds ratio of 6 (95% CI 2–18) as a predictor of metabolic syndrome. A cut-off point of 2.4 for this index has a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 85%, likelihood ratio of 5.6, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 68% to diagnose metabolic syndrome with IDEFICS criteria. The TG/HDL-c index is a useful indicator to diagnose metabolic syndrome in children 3 to 10 years of age with obesity, in whom it is not possible to perform a comprehensive biochemical study.
{"title":"Triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio in children with metabolic syndrome","authors":"M. C. Ruiz-Jaramillo, M. López-Acevedo","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2021.1903297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1903297","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The incidence of metabolic syndrome in children is increasing due to the obesity epidemic. Accessible biochemical studies are required to diagnose and treat it in a timely manner. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the usefulness of the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) index as a predictor of metabolic syndrome according to the diagnostic criteria of the European initiative Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS) in obese children 3 to 10 years of age. Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in the pediatric service of León General Hospital, Guanajuato, México, from January 2017 to December 2018. In a group of 73 obese children aged 3 to 10 years, it was found that the TG/HDL-c ratio has an odds ratio of 6 (95% CI 2–18) as a predictor of metabolic syndrome. A cut-off point of 2.4 for this index has a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 85%, likelihood ratio of 5.6, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 68% to diagnose metabolic syndrome with IDEFICS criteria. The TG/HDL-c index is a useful indicator to diagnose metabolic syndrome in children 3 to 10 years of age with obesity, in whom it is not possible to perform a comprehensive biochemical study.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1903297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48168798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2021.1915041
A. Fenech, N. Chockalingam, C. Formosa, A. Gatt
ABSTRACT Background:Malta is an obesogenic country with low levels of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reported amongst Maltese children. Schools play a significant cost-effective role in delivering and encouraging physical activity and thus contributing to population health. So far, there were no specific school-based physical activity interventions in Malta. This creates a public health action gap. The study will assess the feasibility of Maltese children engaging in MVPA in more than 50% of Physical Education lesson time through an evidence-based PE curriculum. Its longitudinal effects on school children's anthropometric factors, cardiorespiratory fitness and biomechanical variables are evaluated.Methods:One-hundred twenty 9-to-10-year-old children, attending state primary schools, participated in a time-series study design over one scholastic year. The intervention group (n = 76) had Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids (SPARK) PE curriculum. The control group (n = 44) was taught the national PE curriculum. The functional outcome measures included vertical jump height and posturography. Lesson MVPA levels were measured with the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT). Other measurements included: BMI z-scores, waist circumference and resting heart rate (RHR).Results:Achievement of >50% of PE lesson time in MVPA intensity is feasible through an evidence-based PE curriculum (60.43% from a baseline of 36.43% in intervention group vs 39.06% from a baseline of 39.89% in control). The intervention group reported improvements in BMI z-scores (p = 0.007; CI = 0.02, 0.15), RHR (p = 0.009; CI = 1.10, 7.46), balance parameters and jump height (p = 0.020; CI = −2.42, −0.23).Conclusions:MVPA levels were successfully increased through the evidence-based physical education curriculum with resultant positive health effects. Force platform analysis allows objective fitness monitoring in schoolchildren. This study recommends the integration of evidence-based PE curricula as a public health initiative against childhood obesity.
背景:马耳他是一个肥胖国家，据报道，马耳他儿童每日中等至剧烈体育活动(MVPA)水平较低。学校在提供和鼓励体育活动，从而促进人口健康方面发挥着具有成本效益的重要作用。迄今为止，马耳他没有具体的以学校为基础的体育活动干预措施。这造成了公共卫生行动的差距。本研究将通过循证体育课程评估马耳他儿童在超过50%的体育课时间内参与MVPA的可行性。评估了其对学龄儿童人体测量因子、心肺健康和生物力学变量的纵向影响。方法:120名就读于公立小学的9- 10岁儿童参加了一学年的时间序列研究设计。干预组(n = 76)采用SPARK (Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids)体育课程。对照组(n = 44)采用国家体育课程教学。功能结果测量包括垂直跳跃高度和姿势。采用“健身指导时间观察系统”(SOFIT)测量课堂MVPA水平。其他测量包括:BMI z分数、腰围和静息心率(RHR)。结果:通过循证体育课程，在MVPA强度下达到bbb50 %的体育课时间是可行的(干预组为36.43%，基线为60.43%;对照组为39.89%，基线为39.06%)。干预组报告BMI z-score改善(p = 0.007;CI = 0.02, 0.15)， RHR (p = 0.009;CI = 1.10, 7.46)，平衡参数和跳跃高度(p = 0.020;Ci =−2.42，−0.23)。结论:通过循证体育课程成功地提高了MVPA水平，并产生了积极的健康效果。力平台分析可以对小学生进行客观的体能监测。本研究建议整合以证据为基础的体育课程，作为预防儿童肥胖的公共卫生倡议。
{"title":"Longitudinal effects of evidence-based physical education in Maltese children","authors":"A. Fenech, N. Chockalingam, C. Formosa, A. Gatt","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2021.1915041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1915041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background:Malta is an obesogenic country with low levels of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reported amongst Maltese children. Schools play a significant cost-effective role in delivering and encouraging physical activity and thus contributing to population health. So far, there were no specific school-based physical activity interventions in Malta. This creates a public health action gap. The study will assess the feasibility of Maltese children engaging in MVPA in more than 50% of Physical Education lesson time through an evidence-based PE curriculum. Its longitudinal effects on school children's anthropometric factors, cardiorespiratory fitness and biomechanical variables are evaluated.Methods:One-hundred twenty 9-to-10-year-old children, attending state primary schools, participated in a time-series study design over one scholastic year. The intervention group (n = 76) had Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids (SPARK) PE curriculum. The control group (n = 44) was taught the national PE curriculum. The functional outcome measures included vertical jump height and posturography. Lesson MVPA levels were measured with the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT). Other measurements included: BMI z-scores, waist circumference and resting heart rate (RHR).Results:Achievement of >50% of PE lesson time in MVPA intensity is feasible through an evidence-based PE curriculum (60.43% from a baseline of 36.43% in intervention group vs 39.06% from a baseline of 39.89% in control). The intervention group reported improvements in BMI z-scores (p = 0.007; CI = 0.02, 0.15), RHR (p = 0.009; CI = 1.10, 7.46), balance parameters and jump height (p = 0.020; CI = −2.42, −0.23).Conclusions:MVPA levels were successfully increased through the evidence-based physical education curriculum with resultant positive health effects. Force platform analysis allows objective fitness monitoring in schoolchildren. This study recommends the integration of evidence-based PE curricula as a public health initiative against childhood obesity.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1915041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42486361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2021.1883393
A. Ferruzzi, L. Gasparini, A. Pietrobelli, Marco Denina, E. Rigotti, G. Piacentini
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nowadays obesity and CoronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19), for some extent, represent two major public health problems worldwide. These diseases, albeit extremely different, have a pandemic pattern of diffusion and have enormous direct and indirect effects both on health and lifestyle. AIM: Aim of our narrative review was to analyze in the pediatric population, the relationship between these two diseases using a holistic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a quasi-review with a systematic literature search through the Cochrane Library and Medline/PubMed databases from 1 January 2013 to 1 October 2020. Two authors independently extracted data using predefined data fields and rated study quality. Two main key words were considered, obesity and COVID-19, pointing a particular focus on pediatric patients. We also analysed the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 in adults for comparison. CONCLUSION: Evidences showed that during quarantine due to COVID-19, children and adolescents were physically less active, have much longer screen time exposure, sleep patterns disturbances, and less favorable diets, possibly resulting in weight gain and in a loss of cardio-respiratory fitness. Such negative effects on health are likely to be much worse in subjects that are overweight or have obesity. Moreover, stressors emerging from the prolonged national lock-down around the world and from social distancing could have even more problematic and enduring effects considering that obese children are more susceptible to psychiatric disorders. Obesity represents also a risk factor for COVID-19 severity in younger adults but at the moment in pediatric population we have very limited data. Public health interventions are urgently called in order to promote an active lifestyle and engagement in social activities in children and possibly to mitigate the adverse impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pediatric subjects that are overweight or have obesity.
{"title":"Childhood obesity and SARS-CoV2: dangerous liaisons","authors":"A. Ferruzzi, L. Gasparini, A. Pietrobelli, Marco Denina, E. Rigotti, G. Piacentini","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2021.1883393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1883393","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nowadays obesity and CoronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19), for some extent, represent two major public health problems worldwide. These diseases, albeit extremely different, have a pandemic pattern of diffusion and have enormous direct and indirect effects both on health and lifestyle. AIM: Aim of our narrative review was to analyze in the pediatric population, the relationship between these two diseases using a holistic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a quasi-review with a systematic literature search through the Cochrane Library and Medline/PubMed databases from 1 January 2013 to 1 October 2020. Two authors independently extracted data using predefined data fields and rated study quality. Two main key words were considered, obesity and COVID-19, pointing a particular focus on pediatric patients. We also analysed the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 in adults for comparison. CONCLUSION: Evidences showed that during quarantine due to COVID-19, children and adolescents were physically less active, have much longer screen time exposure, sleep patterns disturbances, and less favorable diets, possibly resulting in weight gain and in a loss of cardio-respiratory fitness. Such negative effects on health are likely to be much worse in subjects that are overweight or have obesity. Moreover, stressors emerging from the prolonged national lock-down around the world and from social distancing could have even more problematic and enduring effects considering that obese children are more susceptible to psychiatric disorders. Obesity represents also a risk factor for COVID-19 severity in younger adults but at the moment in pediatric population we have very limited data. Public health interventions are urgently called in order to promote an active lifestyle and engagement in social activities in children and possibly to mitigate the adverse impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pediatric subjects that are overweight or have obesity.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1883393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49252958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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