Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2021.1941706
L. Pecoraro, Lucia Martini, Chiara Salvottini, L. Dalle Carbonare, G. Piacentini, A. Pietrobelli
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Several studies have analyzed the role of antioxidant minerals as positive modulators of the immune system in facing viral infections. We discuss their possible protective role in Sars-Cov 2 infection selecting minerals for which literature provides most evidences, such as zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se).DISCUSSION: All these minerals have a role in modulating antiviral and antibacterial immunity and to regulate the inflammatory response. Their deficiency is associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory tract infections andendothelial dysfunction. These features are related to COVID-19 pathophysiology.CONCLUSIONS: It seems that an optimal micronutrient status in terms of Zn, Mg and Se, is able to effectively strengthen the immune system during the COVID-19 infection. Anyway, further studies are necessary.
{"title":"The potential role of zinc, magnesium and selenium against COVID-19: a pragmatic review","authors":"L. Pecoraro, Lucia Martini, Chiara Salvottini, L. Dalle Carbonare, G. Piacentini, A. Pietrobelli","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2021.1941706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1941706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Several studies have analyzed the role of antioxidant minerals as positive modulators of the immune system in facing viral infections. We discuss their possible protective role in Sars-Cov 2 infection selecting minerals for which literature provides most evidences, such as zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se).DISCUSSION: All these minerals have a role in modulating antiviral and antibacterial immunity and to regulate the inflammatory response. Their deficiency is associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory tract infections andendothelial dysfunction. These features are related to COVID-19 pathophysiology.CONCLUSIONS: It seems that an optimal micronutrient status in terms of Zn, Mg and Se, is able to effectively strengthen the immune system during the COVID-19 infection. Anyway, further studies are necessary.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"4 1","pages":"127 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49309839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2021.1894869
G. Wolske, M. Joseph, H. Rosenauer, K. Widhalm
ABSTRACT Hypertension in children and adolescents has increased over the years and is considered as a major public health issue. The correlation between obesity and hypertension is well established; data show the persistence of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescence into adulthood, which leads to cardiovascular diseases. In the EDDY-Kids 2019 prevention programme, we measured the blood pressure of 123 school children (ages 8–12) over the period of 6 months, starting in January, additionally giving weekly nutrition lessons and sports activities to evaluate the influence of a nutrition-, sports-, and lifestyle intervention on the children’s body composition, weight, and blood pressure. At all stages of the project, the number of children with elevated pressure was lower in the normal and below-normal cohorts compared to the overweight and obese group. This demonstrates a positive correlation between obesity and hypertension. In both groups, blood pressure values dropped over the time period of the programme. This could be the result of the intervention programme or the children adapting to the unusual situation. A lot of children were nervous or haven’t even experienced a blood pressure measurement before. The results clearly underline the necessity of measuring children’s blood pressure on a regular basis (annually or semi-annually) to allow nurses and doctors to facilitate the earliest possible diagnosis of elevated blood pressure in children, thereby helping to prevent a persistence of hypertension into adult age.
{"title":"Hypertension among obese children and youth age 8-12:Project EDDY-Kids 2019","authors":"G. Wolske, M. Joseph, H. Rosenauer, K. Widhalm","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2021.1894869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1894869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hypertension in children and adolescents has increased over the years and is considered as a major public health issue. The correlation between obesity and hypertension is well established; data show the persistence of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescence into adulthood, which leads to cardiovascular diseases. In the EDDY-Kids 2019 prevention programme, we measured the blood pressure of 123 school children (ages 8–12) over the period of 6 months, starting in January, additionally giving weekly nutrition lessons and sports activities to evaluate the influence of a nutrition-, sports-, and lifestyle intervention on the children’s body composition, weight, and blood pressure. At all stages of the project, the number of children with elevated pressure was lower in the normal and below-normal cohorts compared to the overweight and obese group. This demonstrates a positive correlation between obesity and hypertension. In both groups, blood pressure values dropped over the time period of the programme. This could be the result of the intervention programme or the children adapting to the unusual situation. A lot of children were nervous or haven’t even experienced a blood pressure measurement before. The results clearly underline the necessity of measuring children’s blood pressure on a regular basis (annually or semi-annually) to allow nurses and doctors to facilitate the earliest possible diagnosis of elevated blood pressure in children, thereby helping to prevent a persistence of hypertension into adult age.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"4 1","pages":"117 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2021.1894869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41616243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2020.1865122
P. Flores-Barrantes, I. Iglesia, M. Miguel-Berges, V. Vučinić, Luis A. Moreno, G. Rodríguez
ABSTRACT Background: Infants with rapid weight gain (RWG) during the 1st year are at increased risk of overweight. Objective: To examine its associations with body mass index z-score (BAz), fat mass index (FMI) and free fat mass index (FFMI) in 7 y-old Spanish children from the CALINA study. Methods: Dual X – Ray Absorptiometry scans and weight and height measurements were conducted. RWG was defined as a positive change in weight/age Z-score greater than 0.67 from birth to 6 months (0–6 m), 6 to 12 months (6–12m) and 0 to 12 months (0–12m). Adjusted linear regressions were performed. Results: A RWG from 0-6m, 6-12m and 0-12m was associated with BAz in children (B = 0.607, B = 0.522 and B = 0.649, p ≤ 0.001 in all cases), specifically in boys with RWG from 0-6 m (B = 0.734, p = 0.001) and in girls from 6 to 12 m (B = 0.678, p = 0.006). RWG predicted FMI in children with RWG from 6-12 m (B = 0.590, p = 0.008), being significative only in girls (B = 1.259, p = 0.001) and in children with RWG from 0-12 m (B = 0.493, p = 0.024), being significative only in boys (B = 0.593, p = 0.035). FFMI was higher in those with RWG from 0-6 m, 6-12 m and 0-12 m (B = 0.618, B = 0.468, B = 0.575 p < 0.001 in all cases), being significative in boys in all periods (B = 0.657, B = 0.411, B = 0.579, p < 0.021 in all cases) and in girls that developed RWG from 0-12 m (B = 0.380, p = 0.049) Conclusions: In a subsample from the CALINA Study, there are associations between RWG in the 1stY and BAz, FMI and FFMI at 7 years.
{"title":"Rapid infant weight gain is associated with excess adiposity at 7-years of age in children from Aragon, Spain","authors":"P. Flores-Barrantes, I. Iglesia, M. Miguel-Berges, V. Vučinić, Luis A. Moreno, G. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2020.1865122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1865122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Infants with rapid weight gain (RWG) during the 1st year are at increased risk of overweight. Objective: To examine its associations with body mass index z-score (BAz), fat mass index (FMI) and free fat mass index (FFMI) in 7 y-old Spanish children from the CALINA study. Methods: Dual X – Ray Absorptiometry scans and weight and height measurements were conducted. RWG was defined as a positive change in weight/age Z-score greater than 0.67 from birth to 6 months (0–6 m), 6 to 12 months (6–12m) and 0 to 12 months (0–12m). Adjusted linear regressions were performed. Results: A RWG from 0-6m, 6-12m and 0-12m was associated with BAz in children (B = 0.607, B = 0.522 and B = 0.649, p ≤ 0.001 in all cases), specifically in boys with RWG from 0-6 m (B = 0.734, p = 0.001) and in girls from 6 to 12 m (B = 0.678, p = 0.006). RWG predicted FMI in children with RWG from 6-12 m (B = 0.590, p = 0.008), being significative only in girls (B = 1.259, p = 0.001) and in children with RWG from 0-12 m (B = 0.493, p = 0.024), being significative only in boys (B = 0.593, p = 0.035). FFMI was higher in those with RWG from 0-6 m, 6-12 m and 0-12 m (B = 0.618, B = 0.468, B = 0.575 p < 0.001 in all cases), being significative in boys in all periods (B = 0.657, B = 0.411, B = 0.579, p < 0.021 in all cases) and in girls that developed RWG from 0-12 m (B = 0.380, p = 0.049) Conclusions: In a subsample from the CALINA Study, there are associations between RWG in the 1stY and BAz, FMI and FFMI at 7 years.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"4 1","pages":"60 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1865122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To identify dietary patterns (DP) of children enrolled in the Family Weight Management Study (FWMS) and to examine relationship between the identified DP with demographics.
Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 332 children (BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex and 7-12 years old) who were enrolled in the FWMS. The Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify DPs.
Setting: Participants were recruited from Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY from July 2009 - December 2011.
Results: The mean age of the children was 9.3 (±1.7 SD) years; about half were female and 75% self-identified as Hispanic/Latino. The majority of parents/guardians were born outside of the mainland USA and half had less than a high school education. We identified a "pizza-pasta" DP (high loadings of pizza, pasta, red meat, chicken, fries, sweets, processed meat, and sweet breads) and a "snacks-dessert" DP (high loadings of snacks, desserts, soft drinks, and bread and refined grains) but no healthy patterns with high loadings of fruit, vegetables, nuts, and dairy products. The "pizza-pasta" pattern was associated with parents/guardian being born in the mainland USA and having a higher educational level (p < 0.05) whereas the "snack-dessert" pattern was not significantly associated with any of the demographic variables.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that poor DP is common among second-generation immigrant Hispanic/Latino children who are obese/overweight. Future research needs to address how parental education and acculturation status are related to DP to inform future directions for preventing childhood obesity.
{"title":"Baseline dietary patterns of children enrolled in an urban family weight management study: associations with demographic characteristics.","authors":"Parisa Assassi, Beatrice J Selwyn, David Lounsbury, Wenyaw Chan, Melissa Harrell, Judith Wylie-Rosett","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1863741","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1863741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify dietary patterns (DP) of children enrolled in the Family Weight Management Study (FWMS) and to examine relationship between the identified DP with demographics.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 332 children (BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex and 7-12 years old) who were enrolled in the FWMS. The Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify DPs.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Participants were recruited from Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY from July 2009 - December 2011.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the children was 9.3 (±1.7 SD) years; about half were female and 75% self-identified as Hispanic/Latino. The majority of parents/guardians were born outside of the mainland USA and half had less than a high school education. We identified a \"pizza-pasta\" DP (high loadings of pizza, pasta, red meat, chicken, fries, sweets, processed meat, and sweet breads) and a \"snacks-dessert\" DP (high loadings of snacks, desserts, soft drinks, and bread and refined grains) but no healthy patterns with high loadings of fruit, vegetables, nuts, and dairy products. The \"pizza-pasta\" pattern was associated with parents/guardian being born in the mainland USA and having a higher educational level (p < 0.05) whereas the \"snack-dessert\" pattern was not significantly associated with any of the demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that poor DP is common among second-generation immigrant Hispanic/Latino children who are obese/overweight. Future research needs to address how parental education and acculturation status are related to DP to inform future directions for preventing childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"4 1","pages":"37-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2a/cd/nihms-1657711.PMC9608350.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2020.1847632
K. Rambaran, S. Teelucksingh, Sesh Gowrie Sankar, M. Boyne, Godfrey C Xuereb, A. Giorgetti, M. Zimmermann
ABSTRACT Background: There is an increasing prevalence of obesity among school-children globally, including the Caribbean region. Aim: To obtain cross-sectional data on childhood obesity in the Caribbean, and to explore trends in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity over the past two decades in Trinidad and Tobago. Methods: The 2018 Caribbean Island Urinary Iodine Survey (CRUISE) was a multi-site, cross-sectional, primary school-based study in ten Caribbean countries, in which healthy school-children aged 6–12 years (n = 3040) from urban and rural clusters were selected to complete a questionnaire and obtain anthropometric data using standardised methods. Additionally, all reported studies among school-children (aged 5–18 years) in Trinidad and Tobago within the last 20 years were utilised in a narrative review of the trends in prevalence of childhood obesity and associated risk factors. Results: All 10 Caribbean territories had a high prevalence of overweight (28 · 0–44 · 5%) and obesity (14 · 3–19 · 8%). The highest cumulative overweight and obesity percentage were in Dominica (60 · 1%) and the lowest in Grenada (43 · 0%). Trinidad and Tobago ranked fifth, but in this territory the combined percentage of overweight and obese school-children has been steadily increasing from 12% in 2001 to 51 · 5% in 2018. This corresponds with a notable decline in physical activity (29 · 2% to 20 · 5%) and increase in sedentary time (47 · 3% to 49 · 0%) from 2011 to 2017. Conclusion: There is an alarmingly high prevalence of childhood obesity across the Caribbean. Within the last two decades, the percentage of overweight and obese school-children in Trinidad and Tobago has increased four-fold, likely reflecting a decline in physical activity and rise in sedentary behaviour.
{"title":"High prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in ten Caribbean countries: 2018 cross-sectional data and a narrative review of trends in Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"K. Rambaran, S. Teelucksingh, Sesh Gowrie Sankar, M. Boyne, Godfrey C Xuereb, A. Giorgetti, M. Zimmermann","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2020.1847632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1847632","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: There is an increasing prevalence of obesity among school-children globally, including the Caribbean region. Aim: To obtain cross-sectional data on childhood obesity in the Caribbean, and to explore trends in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity over the past two decades in Trinidad and Tobago. Methods: The 2018 Caribbean Island Urinary Iodine Survey (CRUISE) was a multi-site, cross-sectional, primary school-based study in ten Caribbean countries, in which healthy school-children aged 6–12 years (n = 3040) from urban and rural clusters were selected to complete a questionnaire and obtain anthropometric data using standardised methods. Additionally, all reported studies among school-children (aged 5–18 years) in Trinidad and Tobago within the last 20 years were utilised in a narrative review of the trends in prevalence of childhood obesity and associated risk factors. Results: All 10 Caribbean territories had a high prevalence of overweight (28 · 0–44 · 5%) and obesity (14 · 3–19 · 8%). The highest cumulative overweight and obesity percentage were in Dominica (60 · 1%) and the lowest in Grenada (43 · 0%). Trinidad and Tobago ranked fifth, but in this territory the combined percentage of overweight and obese school-children has been steadily increasing from 12% in 2001 to 51 · 5% in 2018. This corresponds with a notable decline in physical activity (29 · 2% to 20 · 5%) and increase in sedentary time (47 · 3% to 49 · 0%) from 2011 to 2017. Conclusion: There is an alarmingly high prevalence of childhood obesity across the Caribbean. Within the last two decades, the percentage of overweight and obese school-children in Trinidad and Tobago has increased four-fold, likely reflecting a decline in physical activity and rise in sedentary behaviour.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"4 1","pages":"23 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1847632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2020.1842014
Lucy-Joy M Wachira, S. Muthuri, S. Ochola, V. Onywera, M. Tremblay
ABSTRACT Background Sub-Saharan African countries are undergoing rapid urbanization resulting in vast changes in dietary habits. Dietary practices involving excess energy intake have been associated with overweight/obesity. We assessed the dietary behaviour of children and their relationships with weight status. Methods Data was collected in Kenya, as part of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). The study recruited 563 children aged 9–11 years from 29 schools in Nairobi. A seven-day food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Dietary behaviours such as consumption of breakfast, school lunch, meals prepared/eaten away from home, emotional eating and snacking while watching television were also assessed. Body mass index (BMI-for-age and sex) was used as the indicator of weight status. Results Of the sample, 53.5% were girls; 20.8% were classified as overweight/obese; 72.9% ate meals out of home regularly; 55.2% ate lunch provided by the school; and only 76% had breakfast on all weekdays. Eating more when happy, eating fried foods while watching television, and consumption of vegetables were positively associated with BMI. Majority of overweight children were female (56.6%) and the type of school attended predicted BMI, F(6, 536) = 18.371, p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.171. BMI was negatively associated with consumption of cakes/pastries (χ2 = 14.7, V = 0.165, p = 0.023), potato crisps (χ2 = 21.6, V = 0.197, p = 0.003), and fast foods (χ2 = 13.5, p = 0.036). ANOVA results revealed no significant differences in the consumption of foods with BMI except for vegetables (p = 0.003). Conclusions Children have healthy diets rich in fruits and vegetables and low in energy-dense foods. Also, less healthy diets were observed in children with lower BMI. There is need for interventions targeting the overweight/obese children, particularly those of higher SES.
{"title":"Association between dietary behaviours and weight status of school children: results from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) -Kenya","authors":"Lucy-Joy M Wachira, S. Muthuri, S. Ochola, V. Onywera, M. Tremblay","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2020.1842014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1842014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Sub-Saharan African countries are undergoing rapid urbanization resulting in vast changes in dietary habits. Dietary practices involving excess energy intake have been associated with overweight/obesity. We assessed the dietary behaviour of children and their relationships with weight status. Methods Data was collected in Kenya, as part of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). The study recruited 563 children aged 9–11 years from 29 schools in Nairobi. A seven-day food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Dietary behaviours such as consumption of breakfast, school lunch, meals prepared/eaten away from home, emotional eating and snacking while watching television were also assessed. Body mass index (BMI-for-age and sex) was used as the indicator of weight status. Results Of the sample, 53.5% were girls; 20.8% were classified as overweight/obese; 72.9% ate meals out of home regularly; 55.2% ate lunch provided by the school; and only 76% had breakfast on all weekdays. Eating more when happy, eating fried foods while watching television, and consumption of vegetables were positively associated with BMI. Majority of overweight children were female (56.6%) and the type of school attended predicted BMI, F(6, 536) = 18.371, p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.171. BMI was negatively associated with consumption of cakes/pastries (χ2 = 14.7, V = 0.165, p = 0.023), potato crisps (χ2 = 21.6, V = 0.197, p = 0.003), and fast foods (χ2 = 13.5, p = 0.036). ANOVA results revealed no significant differences in the consumption of foods with BMI except for vegetables (p = 0.003). Conclusions Children have healthy diets rich in fruits and vegetables and low in energy-dense foods. Also, less healthy diets were observed in children with lower BMI. There is need for interventions targeting the overweight/obese children, particularly those of higher SES.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"4 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1842014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1752596
Kajsa Landgren, A. A. Quaye, E. Hallström, Irén Tiberg
ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity in childhood are highly preventable and parents are key role models in the establishment of healthy behaviours. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of family-based interventions for prevention of overweight and obesity in children aged 2–6 years. A systematic literature search was performed in the databases such as Medline, PsycInfo, Family Study Abstracts, Embase, and CINAHL, published between 2010 and May 2019. The eligible studies were preventive randomised controlled interventions targeting the child or the child’s caregivers. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI). Twelve trials were included with a total of 3506 participants. The overall follow-up rate in the intervention groups was 83% as compared to 82% in the control groups. Nine trials had a high or unclear risk of bias. The children were followed for between 6 weeks and 3 years. Four of the interventions showed significant intervention effects on BMI. Significant effects on children’s food intake were reported in one (of five) study, whereas no significant changes in physical activity were found (six studies). Two studies (of six) measuring sedentary behaviours and one (of three) measuring sleep showed significant differences between groups favouring the intervention group. The current evidence for the effects of preventive family interventions is limited. The four trials showing positive effects on BMI were multicomponent interventions, lasting for a minimum of 12 weekly sessions.
儿童超重和肥胖是高度可预防的，父母是建立健康行为的关键榜样。本研究的目的是评估以家庭为基础的干预措施对预防2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖的有效性。系统检索2010年至2019年5月发表的Medline、PsycInfo、Family Study Abstracts、Embase和CINAHL等数据库。符合条件的研究是针对儿童或儿童照顾者的预防性随机对照干预。主要终点是身体质量指数(BMI)。12项试验共纳入3506名受试者。干预组的总体随访率为83%，而对照组为82%。9项试验存在较高或不明确的偏倚风险。这些孩子被跟踪了6周到3年。其中四项干预对BMI有显著影响。五项研究中的一项报告了对儿童食物摄入的显著影响，而六项研究没有发现体育活动的显著变化。两项(共六项)测量久坐行为的研究和一项(共三项)测量睡眠的研究显示，干预组在两组之间存在显著差异。目前关于预防性家庭干预效果的证据是有限的。显示对BMI有积极影响的四项试验是多组分干预，持续至少12周。
{"title":"Family-based prevention of overweight and obesity in children aged 2–6 years: a systematic review and narrative analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Kajsa Landgren, A. A. Quaye, E. Hallström, Irén Tiberg","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1752596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1752596","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity in childhood are highly preventable and parents are key role models in the establishment of healthy behaviours. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of family-based interventions for prevention of overweight and obesity in children aged 2–6 years. A systematic literature search was performed in the databases such as Medline, PsycInfo, Family Study Abstracts, Embase, and CINAHL, published between 2010 and May 2019. The eligible studies were preventive randomised controlled interventions targeting the child or the child’s caregivers. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI). Twelve trials were included with a total of 3506 participants. The overall follow-up rate in the intervention groups was 83% as compared to 82% in the control groups. Nine trials had a high or unclear risk of bias. The children were followed for between 6 weeks and 3 years. Four of the interventions showed significant intervention effects on BMI. Significant effects on children’s food intake were reported in one (of five) study, whereas no significant changes in physical activity were found (six studies). Two studies (of six) measuring sedentary behaviours and one (of three) measuring sleep showed significant differences between groups favouring the intervention group. The current evidence for the effects of preventive family interventions is limited. The four trials showing positive effects on BMI were multicomponent interventions, lasting for a minimum of 12 weekly sessions.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"3 1","pages":"57 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1752596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41558500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1776054
M. Miguel-Berges, Paloma Flores Barrantes, Iris Iglesia Altaba, A. Santaliestra-Pasías, Pilar Samper, Luis A. Moreno, G. Rodríguez
ABSTRACT Introduction The time spent in different types of sedentary behaviours has been associated with a poor intake in children, which contributes to childhood obesity. The aims of this study were: to examine the association between sedentary behaviours and the adherence to the total screen time (TST) recommendations, food and beverage consumption and the total diet quality index (DQI), in a sample of Spanish children. Methods The study included a cohort of 420 children (53.6% boys) aged 7 years from Zaragoza (Spain), belonging the Growth and Feeding during Infancy and Early Childhood in Aragon (CALINA) longitudinal study. Data on dietary habits and TST (watching TV/DVD/videos and playing/using personal computers (PC)/video games) were parental-reported. TST was categorized based on the recommendations (≤2 h/day and >2 h/day). The DQI was computed from a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models, adjusted by maternal education, ethnicity and body mass index of the children, were analysed. Results Both in boys and girls, using a PC for ≤2 h per day was associated with a lower consumption of sugar and artificially sweetened beverages. In boys, using PC for ≤2 h per day was associated with a lower consumption of sweets, desserts and salty snacks and in girls, were associated with a lower consumption of juices and a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables. Only in boys, a low TST per day was assSociated with a lower consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, whereas in girls, it was associated with a lower consumption of artificially sweetened beverages. Regarding DQI, both, boys and girls, showed inverse associations between watching TV and total ST and the DQI; boys and girls meeting the TST recommendations (<2 h/day) had a better diet quality. Discussion Sedentary behaviours were associated with unhealthy food and beverage consumption and a low total diet quality.
{"title":"Association of sedentary behaviours with food and beverages consumption and total diet quality in children from a Spanish region. The Calina study","authors":"M. Miguel-Berges, Paloma Flores Barrantes, Iris Iglesia Altaba, A. Santaliestra-Pasías, Pilar Samper, Luis A. Moreno, G. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1776054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1776054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction The time spent in different types of sedentary behaviours has been associated with a poor intake in children, which contributes to childhood obesity. The aims of this study were: to examine the association between sedentary behaviours and the adherence to the total screen time (TST) recommendations, food and beverage consumption and the total diet quality index (DQI), in a sample of Spanish children. Methods The study included a cohort of 420 children (53.6% boys) aged 7 years from Zaragoza (Spain), belonging the Growth and Feeding during Infancy and Early Childhood in Aragon (CALINA) longitudinal study. Data on dietary habits and TST (watching TV/DVD/videos and playing/using personal computers (PC)/video games) were parental-reported. TST was categorized based on the recommendations (≤2 h/day and >2 h/day). The DQI was computed from a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models, adjusted by maternal education, ethnicity and body mass index of the children, were analysed. Results Both in boys and girls, using a PC for ≤2 h per day was associated with a lower consumption of sugar and artificially sweetened beverages. In boys, using PC for ≤2 h per day was associated with a lower consumption of sweets, desserts and salty snacks and in girls, were associated with a lower consumption of juices and a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables. Only in boys, a low TST per day was assSociated with a lower consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, whereas in girls, it was associated with a lower consumption of artificially sweetened beverages. Regarding DQI, both, boys and girls, showed inverse associations between watching TV and total ST and the DQI; boys and girls meeting the TST recommendations (<2 h/day) had a better diet quality. Discussion Sedentary behaviours were associated with unhealthy food and beverage consumption and a low total diet quality.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"3 1","pages":"122 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1776054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42476671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1740548
Pippa Chapman, I. Lindsey, C. Dodd-Reynolds, E. Oliver, C. Summerbell
ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary schools have been widely identified as a key site to tackle childhood obesity. While specific school-based interventions have been widely researched, there is an absence of collective analysis of national policies targeting childhood obesity and its determinants in primary schools. Therefore, this narrative review of English policy documentation from 2010 to 2017 examines the extent of alignment across governmental aspirations and implementation approaches towards childhood obesity, physical activity and healthy eating. Methods and analytic framework: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology, 43 relevant policy documents were identified. From these documents, statements of policy aspirations were coded according to the different levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM). Information on policy implementation was coded according to Hood’s “NATO” taxonomy of “Nodality”, “Authority”, “Treasure” and “Organisation” tools which governments can utilise to implement policy. Findings: Common articulations of aspirations to address recognised problems of childhood obesity were identified across policy documents, with the need for multi-level action articulated more clearly for healthy eating than physical activity. The government’s signature Childhood Obesity Plan published in 2016 was an isolated example of a policy document that encompassed aspirations across all SEM levels, but still replicated a wider trend in which only aspirations for individual-level behaviours were articulated with precision. Policy documents evidenced uses of information dissemination, funding, organisational direction and, less prominently, governmental authority to drive policy implementation in primary schools. However, the use of these policy tools was often vaguely specified and disjointed both across different tools and between physical activity and healthy eating policies. Conclusion: High-level aspirations in national policy documents align across the dual approach of tackling childhood obesity by enhancing physical activity and healthy eating. However, the effectiveness of policies is likely constrained by limited alignment across different levels of the SEM and across different policy implementation tools.
{"title":"Targeting childhood obesity through primary schools: reviewing alignment amongst English policies for physical activity and healthy eating","authors":"Pippa Chapman, I. Lindsey, C. Dodd-Reynolds, E. Oliver, C. Summerbell","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1740548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1740548","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary schools have been widely identified as a key site to tackle childhood obesity. While specific school-based interventions have been widely researched, there is an absence of collective analysis of national policies targeting childhood obesity and its determinants in primary schools. Therefore, this narrative review of English policy documentation from 2010 to 2017 examines the extent of alignment across governmental aspirations and implementation approaches towards childhood obesity, physical activity and healthy eating. Methods and analytic framework: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology, 43 relevant policy documents were identified. From these documents, statements of policy aspirations were coded according to the different levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM). Information on policy implementation was coded according to Hood’s “NATO” taxonomy of “Nodality”, “Authority”, “Treasure” and “Organisation” tools which governments can utilise to implement policy. Findings: Common articulations of aspirations to address recognised problems of childhood obesity were identified across policy documents, with the need for multi-level action articulated more clearly for healthy eating than physical activity. The government’s signature Childhood Obesity Plan published in 2016 was an isolated example of a policy document that encompassed aspirations across all SEM levels, but still replicated a wider trend in which only aspirations for individual-level behaviours were articulated with precision. Policy documents evidenced uses of information dissemination, funding, organisational direction and, less prominently, governmental authority to drive policy implementation in primary schools. However, the use of these policy tools was often vaguely specified and disjointed both across different tools and between physical activity and healthy eating policies. Conclusion: High-level aspirations in national policy documents align across the dual approach of tackling childhood obesity by enhancing physical activity and healthy eating. However, the effectiveness of policies is likely constrained by limited alignment across different levels of the SEM and across different policy implementation tools.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"3 1","pages":"20 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1740548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46141789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1738837
M. Shirley, Joilane Alves Pereira-Freire, Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota, Jesuana Oliveira Lemos, J. Wells, Lays Arnaud Rosal Lopes Rodrigues, Larisse Monteles Nascimento, Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro, Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó
ABSTRACT Background: Childhood overweight and obesity is a global health problem that continues to worsen in many low- and middle-income countries. Low-cost measurements for monitoring overweight and relative metabolic risk, such as neck circumference (NC), should be evaluated in different populations and age groups. Aim: To test associations of NC and BMI with cardiometabolic parameters in 5-8-year-old Brazilian children. Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out from 2004–2006 measured height, weight and NC by anthropometry, and estimated fat and fat-free mass by bioelectrical impedance. Cardiometabolic risk factors assessed were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA). Associations of NC and BMI with cardiometabolic risk factors were tested using multiple regression and precision-recall plot analysis. Results: Analyses included 371 children (52% female). NC associated positively with BMI, fat mass, and fat-free mass, and with systolic blood pressure and HOMA following adjustment for age in sex-stratified multiple regression models. However, the latter relationships largely disappeared following adjustment for BMI. Area under the curve for NC or BMI in association with systolic blood pressure or HOMA >90th percentile was low in the pooled sample, indicating poor classifier performance. Conclusions: NC and BMI demonstrated similar associations with cardiometabolic risk factors, although NC mostly did not correlate with risk factors independently of BMI. In contrast to previous studies, NC was a poor classifier of cardiometabolic risk factors in children. The association of NC with both fat and fat-free mass may aid in explaining its poor performance.
{"title":"Evaluation of neck circumference as a predictor of elevated cardiometabolic risk outcomes in 5–8-year-old Brazilian children","authors":"M. Shirley, Joilane Alves Pereira-Freire, Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota, Jesuana Oliveira Lemos, J. Wells, Lays Arnaud Rosal Lopes Rodrigues, Larisse Monteles Nascimento, Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro, Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1738837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1738837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Childhood overweight and obesity is a global health problem that continues to worsen in many low- and middle-income countries. Low-cost measurements for monitoring overweight and relative metabolic risk, such as neck circumference (NC), should be evaluated in different populations and age groups. Aim: To test associations of NC and BMI with cardiometabolic parameters in 5-8-year-old Brazilian children. Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out from 2004–2006 measured height, weight and NC by anthropometry, and estimated fat and fat-free mass by bioelectrical impedance. Cardiometabolic risk factors assessed were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA). Associations of NC and BMI with cardiometabolic risk factors were tested using multiple regression and precision-recall plot analysis. Results: Analyses included 371 children (52% female). NC associated positively with BMI, fat mass, and fat-free mass, and with systolic blood pressure and HOMA following adjustment for age in sex-stratified multiple regression models. However, the latter relationships largely disappeared following adjustment for BMI. Area under the curve for NC or BMI in association with systolic blood pressure or HOMA >90th percentile was low in the pooled sample, indicating poor classifier performance. Conclusions: NC and BMI demonstrated similar associations with cardiometabolic risk factors, although NC mostly did not correlate with risk factors independently of BMI. In contrast to previous studies, NC was a poor classifier of cardiometabolic risk factors in children. The association of NC with both fat and fat-free mass may aid in explaining its poor performance.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1738837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47924589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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