Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1769992
Ghose Bishwajit, S. Yaya
ABSTRACT In parallel with high prevalence of undernutrition, the low-middle-income countries like those in South Asia are experiencing an increasing burden of overweight and obesity among under-five children. The present study aims to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their sociodemographic correlates among under-five children in selected South Asian countries. Methods Cross-sectional data on 132,231 mother-child pairs were extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Bangladesh (2014), India (2015–16), Maldives (2016–17), Nepal (2016) and Pakistan (2017–18). Singleton children aged 6 to 59 months regardless of breastfeeding status were included in the analysis. Childhood overweight (>2 SD) and obesity (>3 SD) were measured by BMI z-Scores using WHO guidelines for reference population. Generalised linear models (binomial family) were used to analyse the risk ratios of having overweight/obesity. Results The overall prevalence of overweight and obese children was 1.91% and 0.89%, respectively, with the prevalence being highest in Maldives (3.9% and 1.5%, respectively) and lowest in Nepal (1.2% and 0.2%, respectively). Child’s dietary diversity, maternal BMI and education, and household wealth status were significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. Having adequate dietary diversity increased the risk of overweight/obesity by 27% [RR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.13,1.42]. Children whose mothers had normal [RR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.62,2.03], overweight [RR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.71,2.31] and obesity [RR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.48,2.40] had higher risks of having overweight/obesity. Children from households that ranked higher in the wealth quintile also had a higher risk of having overweight/obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asian countries is relatively low compared with that in high-income countries. There exists important sociodemographic pattern in the distribution of childhood overweight/obesity across the countries, signifying the role of socio-cultural factors in the epidemiology of overnutrition in this population.
{"title":"Overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asia","authors":"Ghose Bishwajit, S. Yaya","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1769992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1769992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In parallel with high prevalence of undernutrition, the low-middle-income countries like those in South Asia are experiencing an increasing burden of overweight and obesity among under-five children. The present study aims to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their sociodemographic correlates among under-five children in selected South Asian countries. Methods Cross-sectional data on 132,231 mother-child pairs were extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Bangladesh (2014), India (2015–16), Maldives (2016–17), Nepal (2016) and Pakistan (2017–18). Singleton children aged 6 to 59 months regardless of breastfeeding status were included in the analysis. Childhood overweight (>2 SD) and obesity (>3 SD) were measured by BMI z-Scores using WHO guidelines for reference population. Generalised linear models (binomial family) were used to analyse the risk ratios of having overweight/obesity. Results The overall prevalence of overweight and obese children was 1.91% and 0.89%, respectively, with the prevalence being highest in Maldives (3.9% and 1.5%, respectively) and lowest in Nepal (1.2% and 0.2%, respectively). Child’s dietary diversity, maternal BMI and education, and household wealth status were significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. Having adequate dietary diversity increased the risk of overweight/obesity by 27% [RR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.13,1.42]. Children whose mothers had normal [RR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.62,2.03], overweight [RR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.71,2.31] and obesity [RR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.48,2.40] had higher risks of having overweight/obesity. Children from households that ranked higher in the wealth quintile also had a higher risk of having overweight/obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asian countries is relatively low compared with that in high-income countries. There exists important sociodemographic pattern in the distribution of childhood overweight/obesity across the countries, signifying the role of socio-cultural factors in the epidemiology of overnutrition in this population.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1769992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46153673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1784640
M. T. Pastor-Fajardo, Vicente Bosch-Giménez, E. Larqué, Carmen Solano Navarro, M. A. Fuentes-Castelló, José Pastor-Rosado
ABSTRACT Introduction Childhood obesity epidemic is a worldwide public health problem, but recent studies show a stabilization trend. Objective To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-age children from a Mediterranean area in Southeast Spain from 1992 to 2011. Methods Cross-sectional study at two-time points (1992 and 2011) of representative samples of children aged 6-11 years (n = 737 and 620, respectively). Weight and height were measured by trained personnel. Overweight and obesity were defined according to Body Mass Index (BMI) using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results The prevalence of overnutrition (overweight plus obesity) decreased significantly from 1992 to 2011, with a decrease of 45.4% to 36.0% (according to the WHO cut-offs) or 37.3% to 30.0% (according to the IOTF cut-offs). Obesity decreased significantly according to WHO criteria (19.6% to 13.5%) while overweight remained stable. When grouping by sex, overnutrition in girls remained stable with a prevalence of 39.0% (WHO) or 34.0% (IOTF) in 1992, and 35.7% (WHO) or 31.1% (IOTF) in 2011. However, in boys a significant decrease is observed, with a prevalence of 50.0% (WHO) or 38.8% (IOTF) in 1992, decreasing to 38.8% (WHO) and 29.5% (IOTF) in 2011. Conclusions Even though the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity remained at high levels, according to our results in the studied period there was a decrease in the Mediterranean area of Southeast Spain. There was variability between sex, with a significant decrease only in males. Prevalence estimates varied depending on the reference values used.
{"title":"Prevalence and secular trend of childhood overweight and obesity in a Mediterranean area of Southeast Spain","authors":"M. T. Pastor-Fajardo, Vicente Bosch-Giménez, E. Larqué, Carmen Solano Navarro, M. A. Fuentes-Castelló, José Pastor-Rosado","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1784640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1784640","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Childhood obesity epidemic is a worldwide public health problem, but recent studies show a stabilization trend. Objective To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-age children from a Mediterranean area in Southeast Spain from 1992 to 2011. Methods Cross-sectional study at two-time points (1992 and 2011) of representative samples of children aged 6-11 years (n = 737 and 620, respectively). Weight and height were measured by trained personnel. Overweight and obesity were defined according to Body Mass Index (BMI) using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results The prevalence of overnutrition (overweight plus obesity) decreased significantly from 1992 to 2011, with a decrease of 45.4% to 36.0% (according to the WHO cut-offs) or 37.3% to 30.0% (according to the IOTF cut-offs). Obesity decreased significantly according to WHO criteria (19.6% to 13.5%) while overweight remained stable. When grouping by sex, overnutrition in girls remained stable with a prevalence of 39.0% (WHO) or 34.0% (IOTF) in 1992, and 35.7% (WHO) or 31.1% (IOTF) in 2011. However, in boys a significant decrease is observed, with a prevalence of 50.0% (WHO) or 38.8% (IOTF) in 1992, decreasing to 38.8% (WHO) and 29.5% (IOTF) in 2011. Conclusions Even though the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity remained at high levels, according to our results in the studied period there was a decrease in the Mediterranean area of Southeast Spain. There was variability between sex, with a significant decrease only in males. Prevalence estimates varied depending on the reference values used.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1784640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46159858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1753472
N. Rathi, L. Riddell, A. Worsley
ABSTRACT Introduction: Adolescents’ perceptions of eating and culinary behaviours have important implications for their health and nutritional profiles. The purpose of the current investigation is to understand Indian adolescents’ perceptions of healthy eating and meal preparation. Methods: Year nine students (n = 1026; 35% males) aged 14–16 years from nine English-speaking private secondary schools in Kolkata, India completed a paper-based, self-reported questionnaire which included questions about facilitators and barriers to healthy eating and meal preparation. Cross-tabulation analyses were performed to examine gender differences on the healthy eating measures. Results: Overall, the adolescents highlighted a number of key facilitators and barriers to healthy eating and meal preparation. The preference for water over sugar-sweetened beverages was cited as the most popular facilitator of healthy eating by adolescents (65.7%). The most commonly perceived barrier to healthy eating was the need for strong motivation to consume a healthy diet (56.1%). The importance of using fresh produce in food preparation (76.5%) emerged as the most prominent component of meal preparation. Conversely, the use of food lists was perceived as the least important aspect of healthy meal preparation (54.2%). In general, girls showed more positive attitudes towards healthy eating and meal preparation compared to boys. Conclusion: This understanding of Indian adolescents’ perceptions of healthy eating and meal preparation suggests the development of skills-focussed nutrition education programmes to support young people in preparing and consuming healthy meals.
{"title":"Perceptions of eating and food preparation behaviours for urban private school students in India","authors":"N. Rathi, L. Riddell, A. Worsley","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2020.1753472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1753472","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Adolescents’ perceptions of eating and culinary behaviours have important implications for their health and nutritional profiles. The purpose of the current investigation is to understand Indian adolescents’ perceptions of healthy eating and meal preparation. Methods: Year nine students (n = 1026; 35% males) aged 14–16 years from nine English-speaking private secondary schools in Kolkata, India completed a paper-based, self-reported questionnaire which included questions about facilitators and barriers to healthy eating and meal preparation. Cross-tabulation analyses were performed to examine gender differences on the healthy eating measures. Results: Overall, the adolescents highlighted a number of key facilitators and barriers to healthy eating and meal preparation. The preference for water over sugar-sweetened beverages was cited as the most popular facilitator of healthy eating by adolescents (65.7%). The most commonly perceived barrier to healthy eating was the need for strong motivation to consume a healthy diet (56.1%). The importance of using fresh produce in food preparation (76.5%) emerged as the most prominent component of meal preparation. Conversely, the use of food lists was perceived as the least important aspect of healthy meal preparation (54.2%). In general, girls showed more positive attitudes towards healthy eating and meal preparation compared to boys. Conclusion: This understanding of Indian adolescents’ perceptions of healthy eating and meal preparation suggests the development of skills-focussed nutrition education programmes to support young people in preparing and consuming healthy meals.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254x.2020.1753472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41585145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2020.1812964
L. Viana Pires, Esther M. González-Gil, A. Anguita-Ruiz, G. Bueno, M. Gil-Campos, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Luis A. Moreno, Á. Gil, Concepción M. Aguilera, R. Leis
ABSTRACT Background/objectives Puberty and obesity have been associated with vitamin D deficiency but there is a lack of studies assessing this triple relationship at once. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate, under a cross-sectional design, the relationship between sex hormone levels and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), taking into account pubertal status and obesity degree. Subjects/methods A total of 460 participants from the GENOBOX study (241 females), aged 6–18 years were included in the analysis. Children were divided in groups according to their pubertal stage (prepubertal (n = 225) and pubertal (n = 235)) and obesity degree (normal weight children (n = 100) and children with overweight/obesity (n = 360)). Serum 25(OH)D, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and testosterone were measured. 25(OH)D levels were categorized and the hormones concentration wasadjusted by sex and converted into tertiles. Mann Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and quantile regression were performed. Results Pubertal children showed lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D than prepubertal children (median: 20 ng/mL vs. 24 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.006). Moreover, within normal weight children, differences were found for 25(OH)D levels according to tertiles of testosterone (I: 27 ng/mL; II: 30 ng/mL; III: 19 ng/mL, p = 0.008). Among overweight/obese, differences were found according to the tertiles of FSH (I: 25 ng/mL; II: 21 ng/mL; III: 19 ng/mL, p = 0.010), LH (I: 24 ng/mL; II: 21 ng/mL; III: 20 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and estradiol (I: 24 ng/mL; II: 21 ng/mL; III: 19.5 ng/mL, p = 0.043). Finally, higher concentrations of FSH were associated with a reduction of 25(OH)D levels in children with overweight/obesity (coefficient: −1.092, p = 0.022). Conclusion Higher concentrations of sex hormones (FSH, LH, and estradiol) were associated with lower 25(OH)D levels in children with overweight or obesity. Thus, pubertal status and obesity degree need to be considered to achieve an optimal status of vitamin D in children.
{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its relationship with sex hormones, puberty and obesity degree in children and adolescents","authors":"L. Viana Pires, Esther M. González-Gil, A. Anguita-Ruiz, G. Bueno, M. Gil-Campos, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Luis A. Moreno, Á. Gil, Concepción M. Aguilera, R. Leis","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2020.1812964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1812964","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background/objectives Puberty and obesity have been associated with vitamin D deficiency but there is a lack of studies assessing this triple relationship at once. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate, under a cross-sectional design, the relationship between sex hormone levels and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), taking into account pubertal status and obesity degree. Subjects/methods A total of 460 participants from the GENOBOX study (241 females), aged 6–18 years were included in the analysis. Children were divided in groups according to their pubertal stage (prepubertal (n = 225) and pubertal (n = 235)) and obesity degree (normal weight children (n = 100) and children with overweight/obesity (n = 360)). Serum 25(OH)D, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and testosterone were measured. 25(OH)D levels were categorized and the hormones concentration wasadjusted by sex and converted into tertiles. Mann Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and quantile regression were performed. Results Pubertal children showed lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D than prepubertal children (median: 20 ng/mL vs. 24 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.006). Moreover, within normal weight children, differences were found for 25(OH)D levels according to tertiles of testosterone (I: 27 ng/mL; II: 30 ng/mL; III: 19 ng/mL, p = 0.008). Among overweight/obese, differences were found according to the tertiles of FSH (I: 25 ng/mL; II: 21 ng/mL; III: 19 ng/mL, p = 0.010), LH (I: 24 ng/mL; II: 21 ng/mL; III: 20 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and estradiol (I: 24 ng/mL; II: 21 ng/mL; III: 19.5 ng/mL, p = 0.043). Finally, higher concentrations of FSH were associated with a reduction of 25(OH)D levels in children with overweight/obesity (coefficient: −1.092, p = 0.022). Conclusion Higher concentrations of sex hormones (FSH, LH, and estradiol) were associated with lower 25(OH)D levels in children with overweight or obesity. Thus, pubertal status and obesity degree need to be considered to achieve an optimal status of vitamin D in children.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2020.1812964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46463182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2019.1651170
Isabel Iguacel, L. Álvarez, M. Cabero, Laura Monje, L. Moreno, M. Rodriguez-Palmero, M. Rivero, Pilar Samper, G. Rodríguez
ABSTRACT Objectives: The relation between rapid infancy weight gain (RWG) and childhood obesity has been extensively evaluated but studies examining total food intake and food groups among infants with RWG and normal weight gain (NWG) are limited. Therefore, we aimed to explore: (i) the characteristics of infants with a rapid growth during the second semester of life; (ii) the association between feeding practices (breast-fed vs. formula-fed infants) and RWG and (iii) the association between food intake and food patterns at 9 months of age and RWG. Study design: One-year follow-up study of a cohort of infants from the north of Spain. Methods: 195 infants were measured. Parents recorded all infant´s food consumption for 3 days (grams/day). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were applied. Results: In basic models, breast-feeding practices were associated with a lower risk of RWG (OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.35–0.84) compared to formula-fed infants. However, this association was no longer significant when additionally adjusting for early-life risk factors and total food intake. Infants with RWG had a higher intake of cereals (OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.00–1.07), fruit baby food (OR = 1.01, 95%CI 1.00–1.01), and total food intake (OR = 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.04) at 9 months of age. Conclusions: Infants with rapid growth during the second semester of life had a higher intake of cereals, fruit baby food, and total food intake compared to the NWG group. Differences in food patterns and intake among infants with rapid weight gain during the second semester might lead to programming towards childhood obesity.
{"title":"Rapid infancy weight gain during the complementary feeding period in a cohort of Spanish infants","authors":"Isabel Iguacel, L. Álvarez, M. Cabero, Laura Monje, L. Moreno, M. Rodriguez-Palmero, M. Rivero, Pilar Samper, G. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2019.1651170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1651170","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives: The relation between rapid infancy weight gain (RWG) and childhood obesity has been extensively evaluated but studies examining total food intake and food groups among infants with RWG and normal weight gain (NWG) are limited. Therefore, we aimed to explore: (i) the characteristics of infants with a rapid growth during the second semester of life; (ii) the association between feeding practices (breast-fed vs. formula-fed infants) and RWG and (iii) the association between food intake and food patterns at 9 months of age and RWG. Study design: One-year follow-up study of a cohort of infants from the north of Spain. Methods: 195 infants were measured. Parents recorded all infant´s food consumption for 3 days (grams/day). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were applied. Results: In basic models, breast-feeding practices were associated with a lower risk of RWG (OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.35–0.84) compared to formula-fed infants. However, this association was no longer significant when additionally adjusting for early-life risk factors and total food intake. Infants with RWG had a higher intake of cereals (OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.00–1.07), fruit baby food (OR = 1.01, 95%CI 1.00–1.01), and total food intake (OR = 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.04) at 9 months of age. Conclusions: Infants with rapid growth during the second semester of life had a higher intake of cereals, fruit baby food, and total food intake compared to the NWG group. Differences in food patterns and intake among infants with rapid weight gain during the second semester might lead to programming towards childhood obesity.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1651170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43126404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2019.1615361
E. González-Gil, Beatriz Martínez-Oliván, K. Widhalm, C. Lambrinou, Stefan Henauw de, F. Gottrand, A. Kafatos, L. Béghin, D. Molnár, M. Kersting, C. Leclercq, M. Sjöström, Maria Fosner, M. González-Gross, C. Breidenassel, M. Castillo, J. Dallongeville, G. Rodríguez, L. Moreno
ABSTRACT Background/Objectives: To assess dietary patterns (DPs) in European adolescents and to examine their relationship with healthy eating determinants. Subject/Methods: A total of 2205 European adolescents, aged 12.5–17.5 years, were measured. A self-reported questionnaire was completed and dietary intake was measured by 24 h-dietary recalls. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain DPs. Analyses of covariance was used to examine the associations. Results: Four DPs for boys and six DPs for girls were obtained. Boys with healthier DPs, i.e. “plant-based” and “breakfast”, had lower availability of soft drinks at home, higher perception of benefits of healthy eating and higher awareness of what is a healthy diet. Girls with healthy DPs (“Mediterranean”, “plant-based”, “healthy breakfast”) had significantly higher fruits and lower soft drinks availability, higher perception of benefits, lower perception of barriers for a healthy eating and higher awareness of what is a healthy diet. Conclusion: Healthier DPs were related with availability of healthy foods, perceived benefits and awareness of the diet. In contrast, those with other patterns had lower availability of fruits and higher availability of soft drinks at home, no perception of the benefits of healthy eating and they were aware that their diet was not healthy.
{"title":"Healthy eating determinants and dietary patterns in European adolescents: the HELENA study","authors":"E. González-Gil, Beatriz Martínez-Oliván, K. Widhalm, C. Lambrinou, Stefan Henauw de, F. Gottrand, A. Kafatos, L. Béghin, D. Molnár, M. Kersting, C. Leclercq, M. Sjöström, Maria Fosner, M. González-Gross, C. Breidenassel, M. Castillo, J. Dallongeville, G. Rodríguez, L. Moreno","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2019.1615361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1615361","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background/Objectives: To assess dietary patterns (DPs) in European adolescents and to examine their relationship with healthy eating determinants. Subject/Methods: A total of 2205 European adolescents, aged 12.5–17.5 years, were measured. A self-reported questionnaire was completed and dietary intake was measured by 24 h-dietary recalls. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain DPs. Analyses of covariance was used to examine the associations. Results: Four DPs for boys and six DPs for girls were obtained. Boys with healthier DPs, i.e. “plant-based” and “breakfast”, had lower availability of soft drinks at home, higher perception of benefits of healthy eating and higher awareness of what is a healthy diet. Girls with healthy DPs (“Mediterranean”, “plant-based”, “healthy breakfast”) had significantly higher fruits and lower soft drinks availability, higher perception of benefits, lower perception of barriers for a healthy eating and higher awareness of what is a healthy diet. Conclusion: Healthier DPs were related with availability of healthy foods, perceived benefits and awareness of the diet. In contrast, those with other patterns had lower availability of fruits and higher availability of soft drinks at home, no perception of the benefits of healthy eating and they were aware that their diet was not healthy.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1615361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43485332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2019.1668220
E. van Hoek, E. Feskens, L. Bouwman, W. Verburgt, W. de Jager, H. Schipper, T. Vrijkotte, A. Janse
ABSTRACT Introduction: Childhood obesity has serious health risks including the development of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and mortality later in life. The critical growth period from 3 to 7 years provides a window of opportunity for interventions. The goal of this study is to evaluate a one year, multidisciplinary, low-intensity treatment program for young obese children, complemented with web-based modules, called “AanTafel!”, on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, quality of life (HRQoL), eating behavior and physical activity. Methods: In the pre-post-test design all measures were taken at baseline, 4 months, at the end of treatment and 3 years after baseline. Results: Thirteen boys and 27 girls with median BMI z-score of, respectively, 4.2 and 3.3 aged 3 to 8 started “AanTafel!”. Eighty percent (n = 32) completed treatment. BMI z-score decreased with 0.45 (end of treatment) and sustained after 3 years. At the start, 16.7% of the children had all four components of metabolic syndrome which decreased to 0%. HDL cholesterol significantly increased. Concentrations of the markers IL18, e-selectin, and sICAM significantly decreased indicating a reduction of inflammation. Conclusion: “AanTafel!” is effective in improving health of obese young children. The reduction of overweight is clinically relevant and sustained after 3 years.
{"title":"Effect on BMI of a multi-component treatment with E-modules for 3–8-year-old obese children","authors":"E. van Hoek, E. Feskens, L. Bouwman, W. Verburgt, W. de Jager, H. Schipper, T. Vrijkotte, A. Janse","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2019.1668220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1668220","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Childhood obesity has serious health risks including the development of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and mortality later in life. The critical growth period from 3 to 7 years provides a window of opportunity for interventions. The goal of this study is to evaluate a one year, multidisciplinary, low-intensity treatment program for young obese children, complemented with web-based modules, called “AanTafel!”, on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, quality of life (HRQoL), eating behavior and physical activity. Methods: In the pre-post-test design all measures were taken at baseline, 4 months, at the end of treatment and 3 years after baseline. Results: Thirteen boys and 27 girls with median BMI z-score of, respectively, 4.2 and 3.3 aged 3 to 8 started “AanTafel!”. Eighty percent (n = 32) completed treatment. BMI z-score decreased with 0.45 (end of treatment) and sustained after 3 years. At the start, 16.7% of the children had all four components of metabolic syndrome which decreased to 0%. HDL cholesterol significantly increased. Concentrations of the markers IL18, e-selectin, and sICAM significantly decreased indicating a reduction of inflammation. Conclusion: “AanTafel!” is effective in improving health of obese young children. The reduction of overweight is clinically relevant and sustained after 3 years.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1668220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48770867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2019.1585178
Congchao Lu, Rikstje Wiersma, Tong Shen, Guowei Huang, E. Corpeleijn
ABSTRACT Introduction: This cross-sectional study aims to describe the objectively measured sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) patterns of preschool children during the day, and to compare these patterns between non-overweight and overweight children. Methods: Healthy children aged 3–6 years were recruited from urban preschools in Tianjin, China. Light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and ST of children were measured using ActiGraph accelerometry (at least 3 wearing days, more than 10 hours per day). Multiple adjusted, generally linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis. Results: The time children (n = 134) spent in MVPA was 50.5 ± 17.1 minutes/day, and there were 28% of the children met the PA recommendation of one hour MVPA per day. Children were less active during recess (12:00–14:00) and afternoon (14:00–17:00), and more active during late afternoon (17:00–18:00) and evening (18:00–21:00). Between active and less active children, the difference of MVPA was highest in the evening (4.1 min/hour) and on weekends/holidays (42.7 min/day). Overweight children were more sedentary overall (44.6 minutes/day) compared to non-overweight children. Conclusion: Chinese preschoolers have low levels of PA, especially during school days. Enhancing PA both in school and the home environment should be taken into consideration to prevent childhood obesity.
摘要:本横断面研究旨在描述学龄前儿童白天客观测量的久坐时间(ST)和身体活动(PA)模式，并比较非超重和超重儿童的这些模式。方法:在天津市城市幼儿园招募3-6岁的健康儿童。使用ActiGraph加速度计测量儿童的轻PA (LPA)、中高PA (MVPA)和ST(至少佩戴3天，每天超过10小时)。采用多元调整、一般线性混合模型进行统计分析。结果:134例患儿MVPA时间为50.5±17.1 min /d, 28%的患儿达到PA推荐的每天1 h MVPA。儿童在课间(12:00-14:00)和下午(14:00-17:00)活动较少，在下午晚些时候(17:00-18:00)和晚上(18:00-21:00)活动较多。活动量大的儿童与活动量小的儿童之间，MVPA在晚上(4.1 min/h)和周末/节假日(42.7 min/d)的差异最大。与非超重儿童相比，超重儿童总体上更久坐不动(每天44.6分钟)。结论:中国学龄前儿童PA水平较低，尤其是在校期间。应考虑在学校和家庭环境中加强PA，以预防儿童肥胖。
{"title":"Physical activity patterns by objective measurements in preschoolers from China","authors":"Congchao Lu, Rikstje Wiersma, Tong Shen, Guowei Huang, E. Corpeleijn","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2019.1585178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1585178","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: This cross-sectional study aims to describe the objectively measured sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) patterns of preschool children during the day, and to compare these patterns between non-overweight and overweight children. Methods: Healthy children aged 3–6 years were recruited from urban preschools in Tianjin, China. Light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and ST of children were measured using ActiGraph accelerometry (at least 3 wearing days, more than 10 hours per day). Multiple adjusted, generally linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis. Results: The time children (n = 134) spent in MVPA was 50.5 ± 17.1 minutes/day, and there were 28% of the children met the PA recommendation of one hour MVPA per day. Children were less active during recess (12:00–14:00) and afternoon (14:00–17:00), and more active during late afternoon (17:00–18:00) and evening (18:00–21:00). Between active and less active children, the difference of MVPA was highest in the evening (4.1 min/hour) and on weekends/holidays (42.7 min/day). Overweight children were more sedentary overall (44.6 minutes/day) compared to non-overweight children. Conclusion: Chinese preschoolers have low levels of PA, especially during school days. Enhancing PA both in school and the home environment should be taken into consideration to prevent childhood obesity.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1585178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46761492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/2574254X.2019.1619435
M. Fisberg, A. Mello, G. Ferrari, Á. Previdelli, C. Sales, R. Fisberg, G. Gómez, I. Kovalskys
ABSTRACT In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has reached increasingly high rates among children and adolescents worldwide as the result of interactions between obesogenic environments and genetics. In Brazil, a middle-income country, the rates of overweight and obesity reached 18.9% and 8.7%, respectively, in 2015, corresponding to a prevalence of excess weight of 27.6%. Concomitant with these worrying data, the prevalence of insufficient physical activity in adolescents is 66.2% based on objective accelerometer measurements. The Brazilian government has taken concrete actions to contain the advance of obesity and physical inactivity and is taking part in political efforts combined with scientific evidence to develop laws, programs, and guidelines. While access to food outside the home, with the unstoppable intake of sweet beverages, sodium, and fat, is contributing to increased obesity, a lack of physical activity in leisure time or transportation must also be considered. However, while Brazil has been taking actions to address the obesogenic environment, with a view to reduce the prevalence and incidence of obesity and physical inactivity, more efforts are needed to implement these actions and approve measures that are still in progress.
{"title":"Is it possible to modify the obesogenic environment? - Brazil case","authors":"M. Fisberg, A. Mello, G. Ferrari, Á. Previdelli, C. Sales, R. Fisberg, G. Gómez, I. Kovalskys","doi":"10.1080/2574254X.2019.1619435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1619435","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has reached increasingly high rates among children and adolescents worldwide as the result of interactions between obesogenic environments and genetics. In Brazil, a middle-income country, the rates of overweight and obesity reached 18.9% and 8.7%, respectively, in 2015, corresponding to a prevalence of excess weight of 27.6%. Concomitant with these worrying data, the prevalence of insufficient physical activity in adolescents is 66.2% based on objective accelerometer measurements. The Brazilian government has taken concrete actions to contain the advance of obesity and physical inactivity and is taking part in political efforts combined with scientific evidence to develop laws, programs, and guidelines. While access to food outside the home, with the unstoppable intake of sweet beverages, sodium, and fat, is contributing to increased obesity, a lack of physical activity in leisure time or transportation must also be considered. However, while Brazil has been taking actions to address the obesogenic environment, with a view to reduce the prevalence and incidence of obesity and physical inactivity, more efforts are needed to implement these actions and approve measures that are still in progress.","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2574254X.2019.1619435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42973234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-08-14DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2019.1651169
Sarah Martin, Moonseong Heo, Camille C Jimenez, Jean Lim, David W Lounsbury, Lynn Fredericks, Michelle Bouchard, Tara Herrera, April Sosa, Judith Wylie-Rosett
Background: School health curricula should help students choose health goals related to the Dietary Guidelines (DG) recommendations addressing obesity. We aimed to identify characteristics associated with choice of DG recommendation items.
Methods: In 12 HealthCorps affiliated high schools, students completed a 19-item web-based questionnaire that provided a personalized health-behavior feedback report to guide setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound) goals. We examined if gender, weight-status, and personalized feedback report messages were related to student-selected SMART Goals.
Results: The most frequent SMART Goals focused on breakfast (22.4%), physical activity (21.1%), and sugary beverages (20.4%). Students were more likely to choose a SMART goal related to breakfast, sugary beverages, fruit/vegetable intake or physical activity if their feedback report suggested that health behavior was problematic (p<0.0001). Males were more likely than females to set sugary beverage goals (p<0.05). Females tended to be more likely than males to set breakfast goals (p=0.051). Students, who had obesity, were more likely than normal weight students to set physical activity goals (p<0.05).
Conclusion: SMART goals choice was associated with gender and weight status. SMART goal planning with a web-based questionnaire and personalized feedback report appears to help students develop goals related to the Dietary Guidelines recommendations.
{"title":"Personalizing the Dietary Guidelines: Use of a feedback report to help adolescent students plan health behaviors using a SMART goal approach.","authors":"Sarah Martin, Moonseong Heo, Camille C Jimenez, Jean Lim, David W Lounsbury, Lynn Fredericks, Michelle Bouchard, Tara Herrera, April Sosa, Judith Wylie-Rosett","doi":"10.1080/2574254x.2019.1651169","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2574254x.2019.1651169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>School health curricula should help students choose health goals related to the Dietary Guidelines (DG) recommendations addressing obesity. We aimed to identify characteristics associated with choice of DG recommendation items.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 12 HealthCorps affiliated high schools, students completed a 19-item web-based questionnaire that provided a personalized health-behavior feedback report to guide setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound) goals. We examined if gender, weight-status, and personalized feedback report messages were related to student-selected SMART Goals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent SMART Goals focused on breakfast (22.4%), physical activity (21.1%), and sugary beverages (20.4%). Students were more likely to choose a SMART goal related to breakfast, sugary beverages, fruit/vegetable intake or physical activity if their feedback report suggested that health behavior was problematic (p<0.0001). Males were more likely than females to set sugary beverage goals (p<0.05). Females tended to be more likely than males to set breakfast goals (p=0.051). Students, who had obesity, were more likely than normal weight students to set physical activity goals (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SMART goals choice was associated with gender and weight status. SMART goal planning with a web-based questionnaire and personalized feedback report appears to help students develop goals related to the Dietary Guidelines recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72570,"journal":{"name":"Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7518513/pdf/nihms-1536198.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38523702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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