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The Statistical Correlation between Distortion and Adding Signal for PAPR Reduction in OFDM based Communication Systems OFDM通信系统中用于降低PAPR的失真与加信号之间的统计相关性
Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101807
D. Guel, Boureima Zerbo, J. Palicot, Oumarou Sié
In recent past years, PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) of OFDM (Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing) system has been intensively investigated. Published works mainly focus on how to reduce PAPR. Since high PAPR will lead to clipping of the signal when passed through a nonlinear amplifier. This paper proposes to extend the work related to "Gaussian Tone Reservation Clipping and Filtering for PAPR Mitigation" which has been previously published. So, in this paper, we deeply investigate the statistical correlation between PAPR reduction, and the distortion generated by three (3) adding signal techniques for PAPR reduction. Thereby, we first propose a generic function for PAPR reduction. Then, we analyse the PAPR reduction capabilities of each PAPR reduction technique versus the distortion generated. The signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) metric is used to evaluate the distortion generated within each technique by assuming that OFDM baseband signals are modelled by complex Gaussian processes with Rayleigh envelope distribution for a large number of subcarriers. The results related to one of the techniques is proposed in the first time in this paper, unlike those related to the other two PAPR reduction techniques where the studies were already published. Comparisons of the proposed approximations of SNDR with those obtained by computer simulations show good agreement. An interesting result highlighted in this paper is the strong correlation existing between PAPR reduction performance and distortion signal power. Indeed, the results show that PAPR reduction gain increases as the distortion signal power increases. Through these 3 examples of PAPR reduction techniques; we could derive the following conclusion: in an adding signal context, the adding signal for PAPR reduction is closely linked to the distortion generated, and a trade-off between PAPR-reduction and distortion must be definitely found.
近年来,OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,正交频分复用)系统的峰均功率比(Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR)得到了深入的研究。已发表的工作主要集中在如何降低PAPR。因为当信号通过非线性放大器时,高PAPR将导致信号的削波。本文提出对先前发表的“用于PAPR缓解的高斯音调保留剪裁和滤波”的相关工作进行扩展。因此,在本文中,我们深入研究了PAPR降低与三(3)种信号相加技术产生的失真之间的统计相关性。因此,我们首先提出了一种用于降低PAPR的通用函数。然后,我们分析了每种PAPR降低技术的PAPR降低能力与所产生的失真的关系。通过假设OFDM基带信号是通过具有大量子载波的瑞利包络分布的复高斯过程建模的,使用信噪比和失真比(SNDR)度量来评估在每种技术中产生的失真。本文首次提出了与其中一种技术相关的结果,与其他两种PAPR降低技术相关的研究不同,在其他两种技术中,研究已经发表。将所提出的SNDR近似值与计算机模拟获得的近似值进行比较,结果显示出良好的一致性。本文中强调的一个有趣的结果是PAPR降低性能和失真信号功率之间存在强烈的相关性。事实上,结果表明,PAPR降低增益随着失真信号功率的增加而增加。通过这3个PAPR降低技术的例子;我们可以得出以下结论:在加法信号的背景下,用于降低PAPR的加法信号与所产生的失真密切相关,并且必须在降低PAPR和失真之间找到折衷。
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引用次数: 0
An Examination of Relationship between Career Maturity and Multiple Factors by Feature Selection 用特征选择检验职业成熟度与多因素关系
Pub Date : 2020-12-12 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101703
Shuxing Zhang, Qinneng Xu
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between career maturity and a branch of factors among senior school students. The sample data were collected from a total of 189 students. The linear relationship between career maturity and 72 factors were tested by using feature selection methods. LASSO and forward stepwise were compared based on crossvalidation. The results showed that LASSO was a feasible method to select the significant factors, and 12 of the total 72 factors were found to be important in predicting career maturity.
摘要本研究旨在探讨高中学生职业成熟度与一组因素的关系。样本数据来自189名学生。采用特征选择方法检验职业成熟度与72个因素之间的线性关系。在交叉验证的基础上,比较LASSO和正逐步法。结果表明,LASSO是一种可行的选择显著因素的方法,在72个因素中,有12个因素对职业成熟度的预测具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
How to Engage Followers: Classifying Fashion Brands According to Their Instagram Profiles, Posts and Comments 如何吸引追随者:根据时尚品牌在Instagram上的个人资料、帖子和评论对其进行分类
Pub Date : 2020-12-12 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101704
Stefanie Scholz, Christian G. Winkler
In this article we show how fashion brands communicate with their follower on Instagram. We use a continuously update dataset of 68 brands, more than 300,000 posts and more than 40,000,000 comments. Starting with descriptive statistics, we uncover different behavior and success of the various brands. It turns out that there are patterns specific to luxury, mass-market and sportswear brands. Posting volume is extremely brand dependent as is the number of comments and the engagement of the community. Having understood the statistics, we turn to machine learning techniques to measure the response of the community via comments. Topic models help us understand the structure of their respective community and uncover insights regarding the response to campaigns. Having up-to-date content is essential for this kind of analysis, as the market is highly volatile. Furthermore, automatic data analysis is crucial to measure the success of campaigns and adjust them accordingly for maximum effect.
在这篇文章中,我们将展示时尚品牌如何在Instagram上与粉丝交流。我们使用持续更新的数据集,包括68个品牌、30多万篇帖子和4000多万条评论。从描述性统计开始,我们揭示了不同品牌的不同行为和成功。事实证明,奢侈品、大众市场和运动服装品牌都有自己的模式。发帖量与品牌密切相关,评论数量和社区参与度也是如此。了解了统计数据后,我们转向机器学习技术,通过评论来衡量社区的反应。主题模型帮助我们了解各自社区的结构,并揭示有关活动响应的见解。拥有最新的内容对于这种分析至关重要,因为市场是高度不稳定的。此外,自动数据分析对于衡量活动的成功并相应地调整它们以获得最大效果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Regularization Method for Rule Reduction in Belief Rule-based SystemRegularization Method for Rule Reduction in Belief Rule-based System 基于信念规则系统中规则约简的正则化方法
Pub Date : 2020-12-12 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101705
Yu Guan
Belief rule-based inference system introduces a belief distribution structure into the conventional rule-based system, which can effectively synthesize incomplete and fuzzy information. In order to optimize reasoning efficiency and reduce redundant rules, this paper proposes a rule reduction method based on regularization. This method controls the distribution of rules by setting corresponding regularization penalties in different learning steps and reduces redundant rules. This paper first proposes the use of the Gaussian membership function to optimize the structure and activation process of the belief rule base, and the corresponding regularization penalty construction method. Then, a step-by-step training method is used to set a different objective function for each step to control the distribution of belief rules, and a reduction threshold is set according to the distribution information of the belief rule base to perform rule reduction. Two experiments will be conducted based on the synthetic classification data set and the benchmark classification data set to verify the performance of the reduced belief rule base.
基于信念规则的推理系统在传统的基于规则的推理系统中引入了一种信念分布结构,可以有效地综合不完整和模糊的信息。为了优化推理效率,减少冗余规则,提出了一种基于正则化的规则约简方法。该方法通过在不同的学习步骤中设置相应的正则化惩罚来控制规则的分布,减少冗余规则。本文首先提出了利用高斯隶属函数优化信念规则库的结构和激活过程,以及相应的正则化处罚构造方法。然后,采用分步训练的方法,为每一步设置不同的目标函数来控制信念规则的分布,并根据信念规则库的分布信息设置约简阈值进行规则约简。将基于合成分类数据集和基准分类数据集进行两次实验,验证约简后的信念规则库的性能。
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引用次数: 0
A Study into Math Document Classification using Deep Learning 基于深度学习的数学文档分类研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-12 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101702
Fatimah Alshamari, Abdou Youssef
Document classification is a fundamental task for many applications, including document annotation, document understanding, and knowledge discovery. This is especially true in STEM fields where the growth rate of scientific publications is exponential, and where the need for document processing and understanding is essential to technological advancement. Classifying a new publication into a specific domain based on the content of the document is an expensive process in terms of cost and time. Therefore, there is a high demand for a reliable document classification system. In this paper, we focus on classification of mathematics documents, which consist of English text and mathematics formulas and symbols. The paper addresses two key questions. The first question is whether math-document classification performance is impacted by math expressions and symbols, either alone or in conjunction with the text contents of documents. Our investigations show that Text-Only embedding produces better classification results. The second question we address is the optimization of a deep learning (DL) model, the LSTM combined with one dimension CNN, for math document classification. We examine the model with several input representations, key design parameters and decision choices, and choices of the best input representation for math documents classification.
文档分类是许多应用程序的基本任务,包括文档注释、文档理解和知识发现。在STEM领域尤其如此,科学出版物的增长率呈指数级增长,对文档处理和理解的需求对技术进步至关重要。就成本和时间而言,根据文档内容将新出版物分类到特定领域是一个昂贵的过程。因此,对可靠的文档分类系统的需求很高。本文主要研究数学文献的分类,包括英文文本、数学公式和数学符号。该文件涉及两个关键问题。第一个问题是数学文档分类性能是否受到数学表达式和符号的影响,无论是单独影响还是与文档的文本内容结合影响。我们的研究表明,纯文本嵌入可以产生更好的分类结果。我们要解决的第二个问题是用于数学文档分类的深度学习(DL)模型(LSTM与一维CNN相结合)的优化。我们用几个输入表示、关键设计参数和决策选择以及数学文档分类的最佳输入表示的选择来检查模型。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Algorithm for Exam Timetabling Problem - A Specific Case for Japanese University Final Presentation Timetabling 遗传算法在考试排课问题中的应用——以日本大学期末报告排课为例
Pub Date : 2020-12-12 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101701
Jiawei Li, T. Gonsalves
This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm approach to solve a specific examination timetabling problem which is common in Japanese Universities. The model is programmed in Excel VBA programming language, which can be run on the Microsoft Office Excel worksheets directly. The model uses direct chromosome representation. To satisfy hard and soft constraints, constraint-based initialization operation, constraint-based crossover operation and penalty points system are implemented. To further improve the result quality of the algorithm, this paper designed an improvement called initial population pre-training. The proposed model was tested by the real data from Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan. The model shows acceptable results, and the comparison of results proves that the initial population pre-training approach can improve the result quality.
本文提出了一种遗传算法来解决日本大学常见的特定考试时间表问题。该模型使用Excel VBA编程语言编程,可以直接在Microsoft Office Excel工作表上运行。该模型使用直接染色体表示。为了满足硬约束和软约束,实现了基于约束的初始化运算、基于约束的交叉运算和罚分系统。为了进一步提高算法的结果质量,本文设计了一种称为初始种群预训练的改进算法。该模型通过日本东京索菲亚大学的实际数据进行了测试。该模型显示出可接受的结果,结果的比较证明了初始种群预训练方法可以提高结果质量。
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引用次数: 0
A New Framework of Feature Engineering for Machine Learning in Financial Fraud Detection 金融欺诈检测中机器学习特征工程的新框架
Pub Date : 2020-11-28 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101517
Chie Ikeda, K. Ouazzane, Qicheng Yu
Financial fraud activities have soared despite the advancement of fraud detection models empowered by machine learning (ML). To address this issue, we propose a new framework of feature engineering for ML models. The framework consists of feature creation that combines feature aggregation and feature transformation, and feature selection that accommodates a variety of ML algorithms. To illustrate the effectiveness of the framework, we conduct an experiment using an actual financial transaction dataset and show that the framework significantly improves the performance of ML fraud detection models. Specifically, all the ML models complemented by a feature set generated from our framework surpass the same models without such a feature set by nearly 40% on the F1-measure and 20% on the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value.
尽管机器学习(ML)支持的欺诈检测模型取得了进步,但金融欺诈活动仍在飙升。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个新的ML模型特征工程框架。该框架包括结合特征聚合和特征转换的特征创建,以及适应各种ML算法的特征选择。为了说明该框架的有效性,我们使用实际的金融交易数据集进行了实验,并表明该框架显着提高了ML欺诈检测模型的性能。具体来说,所有由我们的框架生成的特征集补充的ML模型,在f1测量上超过了没有这样一个特征集的相同模型近40%,在曲线下面积(AUC)值上超过了20%。
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引用次数: 1
Using Machine Learning Image Recognition for Code Reviews 使用机器学习图像识别代码审查
Pub Date : 2020-11-28 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101514
Michael Dorin, T. Le, Rajkumar Kolakaluri, Sergio Montenegro
It is commonly understood that code reviews are a cost-effective way of finding faults early in the development cycle. However, many modern software developers are too busy to do them. Skipping code reviews means a loss of opportunity to detect expensive faults prior to software release. Software engineers can be pushed in many directions and reviewing code is very often considered an undesirable task, especially when time is wasted reviewing programs that are not ready. In this study, we wish to ascertain the potential for using machine learning and image recognition to detect immature software source code prior to a review. We show that it is possible to use machine learning to detect software problems visually and allow code reviews to focus on application details. The results are promising and are an indication that further research could be valuable.
人们普遍认为,代码评审是在开发周期早期发现故障的一种具有成本效益的方法。然而,许多现代软件开发人员太忙了。跳过代码审查意味着失去了在软件发布之前检测昂贵故障的机会。软件工程师可以被推向多个方向,审查代码通常被认为是一项不理想的任务,尤其是在审查尚未准备好的程序时浪费了时间。在这项研究中,我们希望在审查之前确定使用机器学习和图像识别来检测不成熟软件源代码的潜力。我们展示了使用机器学习来直观地检测软件问题,并允许代码审查专注于应用程序细节是可能的。这些结果是有希望的,表明进一步的研究可能是有价值的。
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引用次数: 0
Inverse Space Filling Curve Partitioning Applied to Wide Area Graphs 反空间填充曲线划分在广域图中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-11-21 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101417
Cyprien Gottstein, Philippe Raipin Parvédy, M. Hurfin, Thomas Hassan, T. Coupaye
The most recent developments in graph partitioning research often consider scale-free graphs. Instead we focus on partitioning geometric graphs using a less usual strategy: Inverse Spacefilling Partitioning (ISP). ISP relies on a space filling curve to partition a graph and was previously applied to graphs essentially generated from Meshes. We extend ISP to apply it to a new context where the targets are now Wide Area Graphs. We provide an extended comparison with two state-of-the-art graph partitioning streaming strategies, namely LDG and FENNEL. We also propose customized metrics to better understand and identify the use cases for which the ISP partitioning solution is best suited. Experimentations show that in favourable contexts, edge-cuts can be drastically reduced, going from more 34% using FENNEL to less than 1% using ISP.
图划分研究的最新进展通常考虑无标度图。相反,我们专注于使用一种不太常见的策略对几何图进行分区:反向空间填充分区(ISP)。ISP依赖于空间填充曲线来划分图,并且以前应用于基本上由网格生成的图。我们扩展了ISP,将其应用于一个新的上下文,其中目标现在是广域图。我们提供了与两种最先进的图分区流策略(即LDG和FENNEL)的扩展比较。我们还提出了定制的指标,以更好地理解和确定ISP分区解决方案最适合的用例。实验表明,在有利的环境下,边缘切割可以大幅减少,从使用FENNEL的34%以上减少到使用ISP的1%以下。
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引用次数: 0
Data Prediction of Deflection Basin Evolution of Asphalt Pavement Structure Based on Multi-Level Neural Network 基于多层神经网络的沥青路面结构弯沉池演变数据预测
Pub Date : 2020-10-24 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2020.101304
Shaosheng Xu, Jinde Cao, Xiangnan Liu
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Computer science & information technology
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