Effect of solutionization (two‐step vs one‐step solution treatment) and deformation (one‐step solutionization + deformation vs no deformation) on microstructural evolution and mechanical/electrical properties of an aged Al–Mg–Si alloy with microalloying Er + Sc co‐addition is studied, respectively, in comparison with its counterpart with a single Sc addition at the same total addition content. Experimental results showed that the Er + Sc co‐added Al–Mg–Si alloy displayed a combination of aging hardness and electrical conductivity superior to the single Sc‐added alloy, under either two‐step or one‐step solution treatment. This highlights an effective microalloying way to improve the Al–Mg–Si alloy by partially using cheap Er rather than full addition of expensive Sc. While the introduction of deformation yielded to a higher aging hardness but a lower electrical conductivity in the Er + Sc co‐added alloy apparently than in the single Sc‐added alloy. When comparing among the Er + Sc co‐added alloys, it is found that, although the one‐step solutionization leads to the highest aging hardness (≈102 HV in peak aging) and the deformation introduction results in the highest electrical conductivity (up to 57.3% IACS), the two‐step solutionization brought about the best combination of aging hardness (≈87 HV) and electrical conductivity (up to 56.7% IACS). Microstructural evolution under different treatments is analyzed to rationalize the variation in aging hardness and electrical conductivity especially in the Er + Sc co‐added Al–Mg–Si alloy.
分别研究了固溶（两步固溶处理与一步固溶处理）和变形（一步固溶 + 变形与不变形）对添加了微合金化 Er + Sc 的老化 Al-Mg-Si 合金的微观结构演变和机械/电性能的影响，并与总添加量相同的单添加 Sc 的合金进行了比较。实验结果表明，无论是两步还是一步固溶处理，共添加 Er + Sc 的 Al-Mg-Si 合金在时效硬度和导电性方面都优于单一添加 Sc 的合金。这表明，通过部分使用廉价的 Er 而不是全部添加昂贵的 Sc，是改进 Al-Mg-Si 合金的一种有效微合金化方法。与单一添加 Sc 的合金相比，添加 Er + Sc 的合金在引入形变后可获得更高的时效硬度，但导电率却更低。在对 Er + Sc 共加合金进行比较时发现，虽然一步固溶会导致最高的时效硬度（峰值时效≈102 HV），引入形变会导致最高的导电率（达 57.3% IACS），但两步固溶会带来时效硬度（≈87 HV）和导电率（达 56.7% IACS）的最佳组合。通过分析不同处理过程中的微观结构演变，可以合理解释老化硬度和导电率的变化，尤其是在 Er + Sc 共加 Al-Mg-Si 合金中的变化。
{"title":"Effect of Solutionization and Deformation on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical/Electrical Properties of Al–Mg–Si Alloy with Er + Sc Co‐Addition","authors":"Bao‐an Chen, Rui Chen, Menglin Li, Ruihong Wang, Yu Han, Zhixiang Zhu, Jianhua Dong, Yiting Huang, Changlong Yang, Shengyu Jiang","doi":"10.1002/adem.202400847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400847","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of solutionization (two‐step vs one‐step solution treatment) and deformation (one‐step solutionization + deformation vs no deformation) on microstructural evolution and mechanical/electrical properties of an aged Al–Mg–Si alloy with microalloying Er + Sc co‐addition is studied, respectively, in comparison with its counterpart with a single Sc addition at the same total addition content. Experimental results showed that the Er + Sc co‐added Al–Mg–Si alloy displayed a combination of aging hardness and electrical conductivity superior to the single Sc‐added alloy, under either two‐step or one‐step solution treatment. This highlights an effective microalloying way to improve the Al–Mg–Si alloy by partially using cheap Er rather than full addition of expensive Sc. While the introduction of deformation yielded to a higher aging hardness but a lower electrical conductivity in the Er + Sc co‐added alloy apparently than in the single Sc‐added alloy. When comparing among the Er + Sc co‐added alloys, it is found that, although the one‐step solutionization leads to the highest aging hardness (≈102 HV in peak aging) and the deformation introduction results in the highest electrical conductivity (up to 57.3% IACS), the two‐step solutionization brought about the best combination of aging hardness (≈87 HV) and electrical conductivity (up to 56.7% IACS). Microstructural evolution under different treatments is analyzed to rationalize the variation in aging hardness and electrical conductivity especially in the Er + Sc co‐added Al–Mg–Si alloy.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study endeavors facile synthesis of robust nanostructured superhydrophobic coatings. Different feedstock materials (Cu, Al, Zn, SS316, NiCrCSiBFe) are coated using flame‐spraying at different spraying distances and constant pressure (1 bar). The surface modulation of flame‐sprayed coating is done using 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FOTES). The coating's topology alters from multi‐order hierarchal coral reef‐like morphology for Al and Zn to flattened topology for SS316 and NiCrCSiBFe. The size and density of nanostructures show significant transition with variation in feedstock and spraying distance. The analysis of particle‐laden flames shows characteristic variations in particle temperatures and velocity profiles. The morphological alternations are related to physiochemical characteristics, resulting in in‐situ particle vaporization and nucleation. Post silanization, Al and Zn coatings deposited at higher spraying distance show significant de‐wetting traits (θ > 155°) with lowest contact angle hysteresis and sliding angle (<5°). Coatings show extremely low adhesion of 2–4 μN with water droplets, which is considerably lower than lotus leaf (18 μN). Both coatings show extreme resilience in simulated rain, withstanding droplet impacts for more than 2 h without any loss of superhydrophobicity and outstanding abrasion resistance due to self‐regeneration behavior. The present study highlights a synthesis of a viable route for the development of robust superhydrophobic coatings for various applications.
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Nanostructured Self‐Regenerative Superhydrophobic Coatings","authors":"Aaishwarika Raj Sharma, Harpreet Arora, Harpreet Singh Grewal","doi":"10.1002/adem.202401279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401279","url":null,"abstract":"The current study endeavors facile synthesis of robust nanostructured superhydrophobic coatings. Different feedstock materials (Cu, Al, Zn, SS316, NiCrCSiBFe) are coated using flame‐spraying at different spraying distances and constant pressure (1 bar). The surface modulation of flame‐sprayed coating is done using 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FOTES). The coating's topology alters from multi‐order hierarchal coral reef‐like morphology for Al and Zn to flattened topology for SS316 and NiCrCSiBFe. The size and density of nanostructures show significant transition with variation in feedstock and spraying distance. The analysis of particle‐laden flames shows characteristic variations in particle temperatures and velocity profiles. The morphological alternations are related to physiochemical characteristics, resulting in in‐situ particle vaporization and nucleation. Post silanization, Al and Zn coatings deposited at higher spraying distance show significant de‐wetting traits (<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 155°) with lowest contact angle hysteresis and sliding angle (<5°). Coatings show extremely low adhesion of 2–4 μN with water droplets, which is considerably lower than lotus leaf (18 μN). Both coatings show extreme resilience in simulated rain, withstanding droplet impacts for more than 2 h without any loss of superhydrophobicity and outstanding abrasion resistance due to self‐regeneration behavior. The present study highlights a synthesis of a viable route for the development of robust superhydrophobic coatings for various applications.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiz Muhammad Rehan Tariq, Hyun‐Hak Kang, Umer Masood Chaudry, Muhammad Kashif Khan, Tea‐Sung Jun
Surface roughness control is crucial for optimizing the mechanical performance of magnesium alloys in various industrial applications. This study investigates the influence of surface roughness on the mechanical behavior of hot‐rolled AZX311 Mg alloy. Uniform scratches are made on the gauge length perpendicular to the loading direction by mechanical grinding using P‐2400 grit‐size sandpaper on one set of samples, while another set retains a polished surface. Uniaxial tensile tests reveal a significant decrease in yield strength for the rough‐surfaced samples compared to the polished samples. Surface profilometry confirms higher Ra values for the rough‐surfaced samples, indicating a noticeably rougher surface compared to the smoother polished samples. The rough surface exhibits V‐notch irregularities, acting as stress concentrators during mechanical loading, in contrast to the smoother profile of the polished samples. This behavior is corroborated by Vickers hardness testing, which shows the highest hardness values near the scratched surfaces indicating localized deformation and strain‐hardening effects.
表面粗糙度控制对于优化各种工业应用中镁合金的机械性能至关重要。本研究探讨了表面粗糙度对热轧 AZX311 镁合金机械性能的影响。在一组样品上使用 P-2400 粗细度的砂纸进行机械研磨，在垂直于加载方向的量规长度上形成均匀的划痕，而另一组样品则保留了抛光表面。单轴拉伸测试表明，与抛光样品相比，粗糙表面样品的屈服强度明显下降。表面轮廓仪证实，粗糙表面样品的 Ra 值更高，表明与光滑的抛光样品相比，粗糙表面更明显。粗糙的表面呈现出 V 形缺口的不规则形状，在机械加载过程中成为应力集中点，与抛光样品的光滑轮廓形成鲜明对比。维氏硬度测试证实了这一行为，测试结果显示，划痕表面附近的硬度值最高，表明存在局部变形和应变硬化效应。
{"title":"Impact of Surface Roughness on the Yield Drop of Hot‐Rolled AZX311 Mg Alloy","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Rehan Tariq, Hyun‐Hak Kang, Umer Masood Chaudry, Muhammad Kashif Khan, Tea‐Sung Jun","doi":"10.1002/adem.202401689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401689","url":null,"abstract":"Surface roughness control is crucial for optimizing the mechanical performance of magnesium alloys in various industrial applications. This study investigates the influence of surface roughness on the mechanical behavior of hot‐rolled AZX311 Mg alloy. Uniform scratches are made on the gauge length perpendicular to the loading direction by mechanical grinding using P‐2400 grit‐size sandpaper on one set of samples, while another set retains a polished surface. Uniaxial tensile tests reveal a significant decrease in yield strength for the rough‐surfaced samples compared to the polished samples. Surface profilometry confirms higher <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub> values for the rough‐surfaced samples, indicating a noticeably rougher surface compared to the smoother polished samples. The rough surface exhibits V‐notch irregularities, acting as stress concentrators during mechanical loading, in contrast to the smoother profile of the polished samples. This behavior is corroborated by Vickers hardness testing, which shows the highest hardness values near the scratched surfaces indicating localized deformation and strain‐hardening effects.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jens Renders, Lucia Mancini, Jan De Beenhouwer, Jan Sijbers
X‐ray imaging of wet foam dynamics with a high temporal resolution (e.g., 3D videos with a 10 Hz frame rate) requires fast rotation of either the foam sample or the X‐ray gantry. This, however, strongly limits the number of X‐ray projections per rotation that can be acquired. As a result, conventional computed tomography reconstruction methods generate 3D images with severe undersampling artefacts, complicating subsequent foam analysis. Herein, BubSub, a novel tomographic reconstruction approach that reconstructs a 4D (3D plus time) dynamic image of wet foam bubbles from sparse‐view X‐ray projections by leveraging prior knowledge about the evolving foam structure, is introduced. BubSub adapts a collection of subdivision surfaces with spherical topology to represent liquid–gas interfaces of foam bubbles. Estimation of bubble positions and shapes at each time point is achieved by minimizing the projection distance in relation to the measured projections. BubSub operates efficiently with minimal memory usage, exhibits robustness against noise, and provides accurate reconstructions, even when the available projections are limited, as evidenced by various experiments using both simulated and real wet foam X‐ray data.
对湿泡沫动态进行高时间分辨率的 X 射线成像（例如，帧频为 10 Hz 的三维视频）需要快速旋转泡沫样品或 X 射线龙门架。然而，这极大地限制了每次旋转可获取的 X 射线投影数量。因此，传统的计算机断层扫描重建方法生成的三维图像存在严重的采样不足伪影，使后续的泡沫分析变得复杂。这里介绍的 BubSub 是一种新颖的断层成像重建方法，它利用有关泡沫结构演变的先验知识，从稀疏视角 X 射线投影中重建湿泡沫气泡的 4D（3D 加时间）动态图像。BubSub 采用一系列具有球形拓扑结构的细分曲面来表示泡沫气泡的液气界面。通过最小化与测量投影相关的投影距离，来估计每个时间点的气泡位置和形状。BubSub 以最小的内存使用量高效运行，对噪声具有鲁棒性，即使在可用投影有限的情况下也能提供精确的重建，使用模拟和真实湿泡沫 X 射线数据进行的各种实验证明了这一点。
{"title":"Direct Reconstruction of Wet Foam from Sparse‐View, Dynamic X‐Ray CT Scans","authors":"Jens Renders, Lucia Mancini, Jan De Beenhouwer, Jan Sijbers","doi":"10.1002/adem.202400957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400957","url":null,"abstract":"X‐ray imaging of wet foam dynamics with a high temporal resolution (e.g., 3D videos with a 10 Hz frame rate) requires fast rotation of either the foam sample or the X‐ray gantry. This, however, strongly limits the number of X‐ray projections per rotation that can be acquired. As a result, conventional computed tomography reconstruction methods generate 3D images with severe undersampling artefacts, complicating subsequent foam analysis. Herein, BubSub, a novel tomographic reconstruction approach that reconstructs a 4D (3D plus time) dynamic image of wet foam bubbles from sparse‐view X‐ray projections by leveraging prior knowledge about the evolving foam structure, is introduced. BubSub adapts a collection of subdivision surfaces with spherical topology to represent liquid–gas interfaces of foam bubbles. Estimation of bubble positions and shapes at each time point is achieved by minimizing the projection distance in relation to the measured projections. BubSub operates efficiently with minimal memory usage, exhibits robustness against noise, and provides accurate reconstructions, even when the available projections are limited, as evidenced by various experiments using both simulated and real wet foam X‐ray data.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mari Kato, Shuichiro Hayashi, Rei Funayama, Yosuke Kondo, Yuma Hattori, Mitsuhiro Terakawa
An electric double‐layer capacitor (EDLC), which is one of the pivotal energy storage devices, provides rapid charge–discharge capabilities and an extended cycle life. Areal capacitance, a key indicator of EDLC performance, increases with the specific surface area of its electrodes. This study demonstrates a method for significantly increasing the specific surface area in the laser‐induced graphitization of biodegradable polymers by incorporating NaHCO3 into the composite sheet, generating not only microscale pores but also a large number of nanoscale fine pores. Furthermore, it shows that using these structures as EDLC electrodes leads to a substantial increase in areal capacitance. An increase in the number of fine pores formed in the structure and a corresponding rise in the areal capacitance of the fabricated EDLC are observed with the increase in the NaHCO3 weight ratio. Notably, the composite sheets are composed of natural‐derived, biodegradable materials, while NaHCO3 is known for its low corrosivity and biotoxicity. The proposed method thus offers a pathway for fabricating energy storage devices with minimal environmental impact, ensuring their eco‐friendly disposal post‐use.
{"title":"Laser‐Induced Formation of Fine Porous Graphitic Carbon for Eco‐Friendly Supercapacitors","authors":"Mari Kato, Shuichiro Hayashi, Rei Funayama, Yosuke Kondo, Yuma Hattori, Mitsuhiro Terakawa","doi":"10.1002/adem.202401301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401301","url":null,"abstract":"An electric double‐layer capacitor (EDLC), which is one of the pivotal energy storage devices, provides rapid charge–discharge capabilities and an extended cycle life. Areal capacitance, a key indicator of EDLC performance, increases with the specific surface area of its electrodes. This study demonstrates a method for significantly increasing the specific surface area in the laser‐induced graphitization of biodegradable polymers by incorporating NaHCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> into the composite sheet, generating not only microscale pores but also a large number of nanoscale fine pores. Furthermore, it shows that using these structures as EDLC electrodes leads to a substantial increase in areal capacitance. An increase in the number of fine pores formed in the structure and a corresponding rise in the areal capacitance of the fabricated EDLC are observed with the increase in the NaHCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> weight ratio. Notably, the composite sheets are composed of natural‐derived, biodegradable materials, while NaHCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is known for its low corrosivity and biotoxicity. The proposed method thus offers a pathway for fabricating energy storage devices with minimal environmental impact, ensuring their eco‐friendly disposal post‐use.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lia Campos‐Arias, Nikola Peřinka, Pedro Costa, José Luis Vilas‐Vilela, Senentxu Lanceros‐Méndez
With the constant increase of electronic waste globally, society is demanding and governments are boosting the development of electronics with less pollutant materials and reduced environmental impact. One way to achieve this is to implement materials that are functional and structural at the same time, reducing material use and assembling parts. Further, printing techniques, such as screen printing, reduce considerably costs and time compared with conventional electronics; combined with methods to conform printed electronics to a 3D shape, such as thermoforming, allow to obtain nonplanar surface electronics simply and efficiently. Herein, screen‐printable inks made of styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene and different aspect‐ratio carbon‐based materials for conformable electronics are reported. The inks are prepared with carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide as conductive fillers, printed on a flexible substrate and thermoformed. Carbon black and carbon nanotube samples are functional after the process, with conductivities of 96 and 141 S m−1 for the best performing sample of each filler, respectively. Rheological, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties of the materials are also characterized. This study shows the influence of the filler's type and aspect ratio on the morphology and electrical conductivity of the printed materials before and after thermoforming.
随着全球电子垃圾的不断增加，社会要求和政府正在推动使用污染较少的材料和减少对环境影响的电子产品的发展。实现这一目标的方法之一是采用同时具有功能性和结构性的材料，减少材料的使用和部件的组装。此外，与传统电子器件相比，丝网印刷等印刷技术大大降低了成本和时间；结合使印刷电子器件符合三维形状的方法（如热成型），可以简单高效地获得非平面电子器件。本文报告了由苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯和不同纵横比的碳基材料制成的丝网印刷油墨，可用于保形电子器件。这些油墨以炭黑、碳纳米管和还原氧化石墨烯为导电填料，印刷在柔性基底上并热成型。碳黑和碳纳米管样品在加工后具有功能性，每种填料的最佳性能样品的导电率分别为 96 S m-1 和 141 S m-1。研究还对材料的流变、形态、热和电特性进行了表征。这项研究显示了填料的类型和长宽比对热成型前后印刷材料的形态和导电性能的影响。
{"title":"Stretchable Conductive Inks with Carbon‐Based Fillers for Conformable Printed Electronics","authors":"Lia Campos‐Arias, Nikola Peřinka, Pedro Costa, José Luis Vilas‐Vilela, Senentxu Lanceros‐Méndez","doi":"10.1002/adem.202400354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400354","url":null,"abstract":"With the constant increase of electronic waste globally, society is demanding and governments are boosting the development of electronics with less pollutant materials and reduced environmental impact. One way to achieve this is to implement materials that are functional and structural at the same time, reducing material use and assembling parts. Further, printing techniques, such as screen printing, reduce considerably costs and time compared with conventional electronics; combined with methods to conform printed electronics to a 3D shape, such as thermoforming, allow to obtain nonplanar surface electronics simply and efficiently. Herein, screen‐printable inks made of styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene and different aspect‐ratio carbon‐based materials for conformable electronics are reported. The inks are prepared with carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide as conductive fillers, printed on a flexible substrate and thermoformed. Carbon black and carbon nanotube samples are functional after the process, with conductivities of 96 and 141 S m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for the best performing sample of each filler, respectively. Rheological, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties of the materials are also characterized. This study shows the influence of the filler's type and aspect ratio on the morphology and electrical conductivity of the printed materials before and after thermoforming.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomas Katkus, Soon Hock Ng, Haoran Mu, Nguyen Hoai An Le, Dominyka Stonytė, Zahra Khajehsaeidimahabadi, Gediminas Seniutinas, Justas Baltrukonis, Orestas Ulčinas, Mindaugas Mikutis, Vytautas Sabonis, Yoshiaki Nishijima, Michael Rienäcker, Udo Römer, Jan Krügener, Robby Peibst, Sajeev John, Saulius Juodkazis
Large surface area applications such as high efficiency >26% solar cells require surface patterning with 1–10 μm periodic patterns at high fidelity over areas (before up scaling to ) to perform at, or exceed, the Lambertian (ray optics) limit of light trapping. Herein, a pathway is shown to high‐resolution sub‐1 μm etch mask patterning by ablation using direct femtosecond laser writing performed at room conditions (without the need for a vacuum‐based lithography approach). A Bessel beam is used to alleviate the required high surface tracking tolerance for ablation of 0.3–0.8 μm diameter holes in 40 nm alumina –mask at high writing speed, 7.5 cm s−1; a patterning rate 1 cm2 per 20 min. Plasma etching protocol was optimized for a zero‐mesa formation of photonic‐crystal‐trapping structures and smooth surfaces at the nanoscale level. The maximum of minority carrier recombination time of 2.9 ms was achieved after the standard wafer passivation etch; resistivity of the wafer was 3.5 Ω cm. Scaling up in area and throughput of the demonstrated approach is outlined.
{"title":"Bessel‐Beam Direct Write of the Etch Mask in a Nano‐Film of Alumina for High‐Efficiency Si Solar Cells","authors":"Tomas Katkus, Soon Hock Ng, Haoran Mu, Nguyen Hoai An Le, Dominyka Stonytė, Zahra Khajehsaeidimahabadi, Gediminas Seniutinas, Justas Baltrukonis, Orestas Ulčinas, Mindaugas Mikutis, Vytautas Sabonis, Yoshiaki Nishijima, Michael Rienäcker, Udo Römer, Jan Krügener, Robby Peibst, Sajeev John, Saulius Juodkazis","doi":"10.1002/adem.202400711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400711","url":null,"abstract":"Large surface area applications such as high efficiency >26% solar cells require surface patterning with 1–10 μm periodic patterns at high fidelity over areas (before up scaling to ) to perform at, or exceed, the Lambertian (ray optics) limit of light trapping. Herein, a pathway is shown to high‐resolution sub‐1 μm etch mask patterning by ablation using direct femtosecond laser writing performed at room conditions (without the need for a vacuum‐based lithography approach). A Bessel beam is used to alleviate the required high surface tracking tolerance for ablation of 0.3–0.8 μm diameter holes in 40 nm alumina –mask at high writing speed, 7.5 cm s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>; a patterning rate 1 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> per 20 min. Plasma etching protocol was optimized for a zero‐mesa formation of photonic‐crystal‐trapping structures and smooth surfaces at the nanoscale level. The maximum of minority carrier recombination time of 2.9 ms was achieved after the standard wafer passivation etch; resistivity of the wafer was 3.5 Ω cm. Scaling up in area and throughput of the demonstrated approach is outlined.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongdong Qi, Chen Zhang, Sai Wu, Qi Zhang, Weibin Li, Yuren Wang
Liquids, with their advantages of fluidity, ease of shaping, and tunability, have exhibited promising potential in the creation of reconfigurable metamaterials (MMs). Water, being the ubiquitous liquid and cost‐effective resource on Earth, has been utilized for the construction of liquid‐based microwave metasurface absorber (MSA). However, due to the challenges associated with integrating microfluidics with MMs in both design and manufacturing, current MSs exhibit narrow frequency bands, particularly constrained at lower frequencies. Herein, a reconfigurable solid–liquid composite of liquid‐based MSs, utilizing the interbedded structure of cones, is proposed for ultra‐wideband microwave absorption. When water is used as the filling medium, the absorption rate exceeds 90% across a wide frequency range from 5.9 to 50 GHz. Upon substitution with ionic liquids, the frequency range demonstrating absorption efficiency exceeding 90% extends from 3.3 to 50 GHz. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the designed MSA demonstrates exceptional stability when subjected to oblique incidence and shows a high degree of insensitivity to polarization, highlighting its robust applicability. The low‐cost, easily manufacturable, and ultra‐wideband liquid‐based MSA holds promising potential for applications in radar countermeasures, energy harvesting, radiation protection, and other related fields.
{"title":"Ultra‐Broadband and Reconfigurable Liquid‐Based Microwave Metasurface Absorber","authors":"Dongdong Qi, Chen Zhang, Sai Wu, Qi Zhang, Weibin Li, Yuren Wang","doi":"10.1002/adem.202401121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401121","url":null,"abstract":"Liquids, with their advantages of fluidity, ease of shaping, and tunability, have exhibited promising potential in the creation of reconfigurable metamaterials (MMs). Water, being the ubiquitous liquid and cost‐effective resource on Earth, has been utilized for the construction of liquid‐based microwave metasurface absorber (MSA). However, due to the challenges associated with integrating microfluidics with MMs in both design and manufacturing, current MSs exhibit narrow frequency bands, particularly constrained at lower frequencies. Herein, a reconfigurable solid–liquid composite of liquid‐based MSs, utilizing the interbedded structure of cones, is proposed for ultra‐wideband microwave absorption. When water is used as the filling medium, the absorption rate exceeds 90% across a wide frequency range from 5.9 to 50 GHz. Upon substitution with ionic liquids, the frequency range demonstrating absorption efficiency exceeding 90% extends from 3.3 to 50 GHz. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the designed MSA demonstrates exceptional stability when subjected to oblique incidence and shows a high degree of insensitivity to polarization, highlighting its robust applicability. The low‐cost, easily manufacturable, and ultra‐wideband liquid‐based MSA holds promising potential for applications in radar countermeasures, energy harvesting, radiation protection, and other related fields.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shakila Raeisidehkordi, Mohammad Zolfaghari Baghbaderani, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi‐Rad, Jaroslaw W. Drelich, Safian Sharif, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Mahmood Razzaghi
Addressing bacterial infection poses a notable challenge associated with medical implants, including magnesium (Mg)‐based implants used in orthopedic applications. The present work investigates the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) fillers on the microstructure, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity, and biodegradation properties of Mg alloy. The co‐inclusion of GO and ZnO in the nanocomposites (NCs) resulted in enhanced microhardness, compressive strength, corrosion performance, and hydrophobicity, with values rising from 51 to 82 Hv and 165 to 269 MPa, polarization resistance from 236 to 429 Ω cm2, and water contact angle from 46° to 87°, respectively. An exploration of the corrosion mechanism using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and identification of NC characteristics revealed that the NC's compactness and the hindrance of corrosive ion penetration into the Mg matrix were attributed to the presence of GO/ZnO fillers. Additionally, the formulated NC improved MG63 cell proliferation and attachment. These findings indicate that the developed Mg‐based NCs, leveraging its antimicrobial properties through the inclusion of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and graphene oxide nanoflakes (GONFs), holds significant potential as a degradable material for temporary orthopedic bone implants.
{"title":"Bioactive, Antibacterial, and Biocompatible Multifunctional Mg–GO/ZnO Nanocomposite with Improved Mechanical and Csorrosion Characteristics","authors":"Shakila Raeisidehkordi, Mohammad Zolfaghari Baghbaderani, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi‐Rad, Jaroslaw W. Drelich, Safian Sharif, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Mahmood Razzaghi","doi":"10.1002/adem.202400414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400414","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing bacterial infection poses a notable challenge associated with medical implants, including magnesium (Mg)‐based implants used in orthopedic applications. The present work investigates the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) fillers on the microstructure, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity, and biodegradation properties of Mg alloy. The co‐inclusion of GO and ZnO in the nanocomposites (NCs) resulted in enhanced microhardness, compressive strength, corrosion performance, and hydrophobicity, with values rising from 51 to 82 Hv and 165 to 269 MPa, polarization resistance from 236 to 429 Ω cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, and water contact angle from 46° to 87°, respectively. An exploration of the corrosion mechanism using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and identification of NC characteristics revealed that the NC's compactness and the hindrance of corrosive ion penetration into the Mg matrix were attributed to the presence of GO/ZnO fillers. Additionally, the formulated NC improved MG63 cell proliferation and attachment. These findings indicate that the developed Mg‐based NCs, leveraging its antimicrobial properties through the inclusion of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and graphene oxide nanoflakes (GONFs), holds significant potential as a degradable material for temporary orthopedic bone implants.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The refinement of β grains is an effective approach to optimize the grain boundary α phase and enhance the mechanical properties for laser‐directed energy deposited (L‐DED) titanium alloys. In this study, the primary β grain size is refined by adding 0.05 and 0.10 wt% boron in Ti55531, respectively. It was found that the addition of trace boron can not only reduce the primary β grain size during molten pool solidification process, but also can suppress the primary β grain coarsening during in‐situ thermal cycling process. The Ti55531 + 0.05B alloy exhibited higher strength and elongation. This is attributed to the enhanced coordinated deformation ability resulting from the refined β grains and little harmful effect resulting from the presence of needle TiB. In contrast, when the boron content increased to 0.10 wt%, the harmful effect of excessive TiB whiskers at the grain boundaries outweighed the favorable effect of the further β grain refinement, which leads to the decrease in plasticity. This study suggests that an appropriate boron content added can refine primary β grain significantly and meanwhile avoid too much TiB precipitation, achieving superior comprehensive mechanical properties for additive manufacturing near β titanium alloy.
{"title":"Effect of Trace B on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Near β Titanium Alloy Ti55531","authors":"Hanlin Ding, Lilin Wang, Lukai Yuan, Xin Lin, Weidong Huang","doi":"10.1002/adem.202401241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401241","url":null,"abstract":"The refinement of β grains is an effective approach to optimize the grain boundary α phase and enhance the mechanical properties for laser‐directed energy deposited (L‐DED) titanium alloys. In this study, the primary β grain size is refined by adding 0.05 and 0.10 wt% boron in Ti55531, respectively. It was found that the addition of trace boron can not only reduce the primary β grain size during molten pool solidification process, but also can suppress the primary β grain coarsening during in‐situ thermal cycling process. The Ti55531 + 0.05B alloy exhibited higher strength and elongation. This is attributed to the enhanced coordinated deformation ability resulting from the refined β grains and little harmful effect resulting from the presence of needle TiB. In contrast, when the boron content increased to 0.10 wt%, the harmful effect of excessive TiB whiskers at the grain boundaries outweighed the favorable effect of the further β grain refinement, which leads to the decrease in plasticity. This study suggests that an appropriate boron content added can refine primary β grain significantly and meanwhile avoid too much TiB precipitation, achieving superior comprehensive mechanical properties for additive manufacturing near β titanium alloy.","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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