Pub Date : 1917-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00007611-191012000-00018
Frank W. Schofield
Y object in reading this paper is to point out clearly some of the splendid opportunities for the application of anti-typhoid inoculation in civil life. Then later, by briefly quoting some of the results already obtained, I hope to accomplish the dual purpose of substantiating the claims made for it, and creating a wholesome confidence that will result in bringing this prophylactic into its proper place in preventive medicine. Some may consider that an apology would be in order for writing on a subject so widely discussed and in some of its phases so well understood. But, unfortunately, many have refrained from realizing a practical experience with anti-typhoid vaccine; their knowledge of the subject being limited to a well memorized statistical statement of its value in the armies of the world. Therefore, I do not hesitate to bring before you some suggestions for its use in this province. It may not be amiss to state briefly what is meant by antityphoid inoculation. This consists of injecting a definite number of dead typhoid bacilli into the subcutaneous tissue of the body, with the object of rendering the one so injected immune to typhoid fever. A tremendous amount of evidence has been accumulated which proves beyond a doubt that this process does confer immunity from typhoid to an extraordinary degree. Major Russell of the United States Army has said that "Anti-typhoid inoculation protects against typhoid to a greater extent than does vaccinia against variola." It may be worth while to refresh your memories with a few of the results obtained from its use in mlilitary life. Quoting from the Anti-typhoid Committee's Report to the British Army, 1912, "The histories as regards typhoid fever, of 19,314 soldiers, whose average period of service abroad was twelve
{"title":"Anti-Typhoid Inoculation","authors":"Frank W. Schofield","doi":"10.1097/00007611-191012000-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-191012000-00018","url":null,"abstract":"Y object in reading this paper is to point out clearly some of the splendid opportunities for the application of anti-typhoid inoculation in civil life. Then later, by briefly quoting some of the results already obtained, I hope to accomplish the dual purpose of substantiating the claims made for it, and creating a wholesome confidence that will result in bringing this prophylactic into its proper place in preventive medicine. Some may consider that an apology would be in order for writing on a subject so widely discussed and in some of its phases so well understood. But, unfortunately, many have refrained from realizing a practical experience with anti-typhoid vaccine; their knowledge of the subject being limited to a well memorized statistical statement of its value in the armies of the world. Therefore, I do not hesitate to bring before you some suggestions for its use in this province. It may not be amiss to state briefly what is meant by antityphoid inoculation. This consists of injecting a definite number of dead typhoid bacilli into the subcutaneous tissue of the body, with the object of rendering the one so injected immune to typhoid fever. A tremendous amount of evidence has been accumulated which proves beyond a doubt that this process does confer immunity from typhoid to an extraordinary degree. Major Russell of the United States Army has said that \"Anti-typhoid inoculation protects against typhoid to a greater extent than does vaccinia against variola.\" It may be worth while to refresh your memories with a few of the results obtained from its use in mlilitary life. Quoting from the Anti-typhoid Committee's Report to the British Army, 1912, \"The histories as regards typhoid fever, of 19,314 soldiers, whose average period of service abroad was twelve","PeriodicalId":72767,"journal":{"name":"Daniel's Texas medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1917-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73638080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosanna W. Peeling, D. Mabey, Xiang-sheng Chen, Patricia J Garcia
Syphilis is a sexually and vertically transmitted bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Its prevalence is high in low-income and middle-income countries, and its incidence has increased in high-income countries in the last few decades among men who have sex with men. Syphilis is a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries. Clinical features include a primary chancre at the point of inoculation, followed weeks later by the rash of secondary syphilis, a latent period, and in some cases, involvement of the eyes, CNS, and cardiovascular systems. It is diagnosed serologically. A single intramuscular dose of long-acting benzathine penicillin is recommended for people who have had syphilis for less than 1 year and longer courses for people with late latent syphilis. Control strategies include screening and treatment of all pregnant women, and targeted interventions for groups at high risk. Vaccine development, research on antibiotic prophylaxis, and digital messaging as prevention strategies are ongoing.
{"title":"Syphilis","authors":"Rosanna W. Peeling, D. Mabey, Xiang-sheng Chen, Patricia J Garcia","doi":"10.2105/ccdml.2868.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ccdml.2868.128","url":null,"abstract":"Syphilis is a sexually and vertically transmitted bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Its prevalence is high in low-income and middle-income countries, and its incidence has increased in high-income countries in the last few decades among men who have sex with men. Syphilis is a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries. Clinical features include a primary chancre at the point of inoculation, followed weeks later by the rash of secondary syphilis, a latent period, and in some cases, involvement of the eyes, CNS, and cardiovascular systems. It is diagnosed serologically. A single intramuscular dose of long-acting benzathine penicillin is recommended for people who have had syphilis for less than 1 year and longer courses for people with late latent syphilis. Control strategies include screening and treatment of all pregnant women, and targeted interventions for groups at high risk. Vaccine development, research on antibiotic prophylaxis, and digital messaging as prevention strategies are ongoing.","PeriodicalId":72767,"journal":{"name":"Daniel's Texas medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1917-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74295083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1917-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00000441-193103000-00022
G. Andrews
as junior author. One has only to review the first chapter to realize the enormous strides made in research on the finer details of structure and function of the skin within the brief period of one decade. Here and there the authors have included to advantage short, pithy discussions on basic matters relating to pruritus, allergy, and immunology, heredity, auto-immunity, and autosensitivity. The body of the book consists of 38 sections, as before, each one followed by up-to-date references to the literature. Material has been rearranged for purposes of emphasis, and new entities and rare syndromes have been added. The index is exhaustive. A new format and a slightly larger page, with two columns to the page, improve readability and effect an over-all saving of 128 pages. The illustrations are superb and, even though they are reduced from 777 to 605, about 40% of them are new. More than 100 are photomicrographs on histopathology. The fact that all are in black and white in a modern text on dermatology is regrettable, but this is purely a matter of economics ; at present there is no happy way of utilizing the best in color illustration for educational purposes alone, without some degree of compromise. A text cannot be all things to all men. Since this one is directed chiefly to the attention of students and practitioners, it is good to see the emphasis that is placed on spelling out the details of the clinical features and treatment of the commoner dermatoses, such as acne, der¬ matitis and eczema, drug eruptions, psoriasis, warts, superficial pyogenic and fungous in¬ fections, and dermal and epidermal tumors and neoplasms. Histopathologic coverage is not detailed, but it is adequate. The more sophisticated reader can look elsewhere for such details. A number of sections will appeal to an audience beyond the confines of this country. These include sections on leprosy, spirochetoses, deep fungi, deficiency states, exotic affections, and the especially brilliant discussion of diseases caused by animal parasites. In line with the current trend in dermatology toward lessened emphasis on the use of ionizing radiation in treatment, especially in the management of benign dermatoses, the authors have moved the chapter by Braestrup on fundamental physics and the one on practical details, dosage schedules, and so on, to the back of the book. It is stated that "radiotherapy for benign dermatoses should be reserved for people over 40 for whom other treatment measures have failed.
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Pub Date : 1917-05-01DOI: 10.1097/00000441-191907000-00008
R. H. Boggs
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Introduction: "The Evolution of Literature and Science as a Discipline." G. Beer, "Discourses of the Island." G. S. Rousseau, "Discourses of the Nerve." W. Moser, "Experiment and Fiction." R. Koch, "Hypotyposes." K. J. Knoespel, "The Mythological Transformations of Renaissance Science: Physical Allegory and the Crisis of Alchemical Narrative." G. von Moln6r, "'What Ever Happened to Ethics?'" J. Neubauer, "Nature as Construct." P. M. Bynum, "'Observe how healthily-how calmly I can tell you the whole story': Moral Insanity and Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart.' " J. W. Slade, "Conceptualizing Technology in Literary Terms: Some American Examples." M. Orvell, "Literature and the Authority of Technology." S. Carter, "'A Place to Step Further': Jack Spicer's Quantum Poetics."
导言:“文学与科学作为一门学科的演变”。G. Beer，《岛屿的话语》g·s·卢梭，《神经的话语》W. Moser，《实验与虚构》R. Koch， <假设>K. J. Knoespel，“文艺复兴时期科学的神话转换:物理寓言和炼金术叙事的危机”。G. von molnr，《道德到底怎么了?》”J.纽鲍尔，《作为建构的自然》。p·m·拜纳姆，“观察我是多么健康——多么平静地告诉你整个故事”:《道德疯狂》和埃德加·爱伦·坡的《泄密的心》。”j·w·斯莱德，《用文学术语概念化技术:一些美国例子》。M. orwell， <文学与技术权威>《更进一步的地方》:杰克·斯派塞的量子诗学》
{"title":"Collections","authors":"D. Mallik","doi":"10.1086/355453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/355453","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \"The Evolution of Literature and Science as a Discipline.\" G. Beer, \"Discourses of the Island.\" G. S. Rousseau, \"Discourses of the Nerve.\" W. Moser, \"Experiment and Fiction.\" R. Koch, \"Hypotyposes.\" K. J. Knoespel, \"The Mythological Transformations of Renaissance Science: Physical Allegory and the Crisis of Alchemical Narrative.\" G. von Moln6r, \"'What Ever Happened to Ethics?'\" J. Neubauer, \"Nature as Construct.\" P. M. Bynum, \"'Observe how healthily-how calmly I can tell you the whole story': Moral Insanity and Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart.' \" J. W. Slade, \"Conceptualizing Technology in Literary Terms: Some American Examples.\" M. Orvell, \"Literature and the Authority of Technology.\" S. Carter, \"'A Place to Step Further': Jack Spicer's Quantum Poetics.\"","PeriodicalId":72767,"journal":{"name":"Daniel's Texas medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1917-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87954250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"News Items","authors":"H. E. Moore","doi":"10.1007/BF02858306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72767,"journal":{"name":"Daniel's Texas medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1917-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78043904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1917-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9744.1996.tb00025.x
Philip J. Hefner
{"title":"A New Feature","authors":"Philip J. Hefner","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9744.1996.tb00025.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1996.tb00025.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72767,"journal":{"name":"Daniel's Texas medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1917-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74755131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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