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Maternal Exposure to Bisphenol A Impacts on Fecundity in F1 and F2 Generations in Drosophila melanogaster. 母体暴露于双酚A对黑腹果蝇F1和F2代繁殖能力的影响。
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.3.193
Sohee Kim, Kyong-Hwa Kang, Hyongjong Koh

In previous reports, bisphenol A (BPA) exposure affects reproductive function in Drosophila melanogaster females. To test the maternal effect of BPA exposure on fly reproductive function, F0 mothers were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L of BPA and the fecundity in F1 and F2 generations were checked. In this experiment, 1 and 10 mg/L BPA significantly decreased the fecundity of F1 females. Moreover, 0.1 and 1 mg/L BPA substantially reduced egg production in the F2 generation. These results suggested that maternal exposure to BPA at enviromentally relavant concnetrations reduces reproductive function in Drosophila melanogaster females and that this effect is transgenerational.

在以前的报道中,双酚A (BPA)暴露会影响雌性果蝇的生殖功能。为了研究BPA暴露对雌性果蝇生殖功能的影响,我们将雌性果蝇分别暴露于0、0.1、1和10 mg/L的BPA环境中,并对其F1代和F2代的繁殖力进行了检测。在本试验中,1和10 mg/L BPA显著降低了F1雌性的繁殖力。此外,0.1和1mg /L BPA显著降低了F2代的产蛋量。这些结果表明,母体暴露于环境相关浓度的双酚a会降低雌性黑腹果蝇的生殖功能,并且这种影响是跨代的。
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引用次数: 0
Reproduction and Maturation of Sea Bass, Lateolabrax japonicus, after Transportation from Net-Cages to Indoor Tanks. 日本鲈鱼从网箱转移到室内池后的繁殖和成熟。
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.3.157
Duk-Young Kang, Hyo-Chan Kim, Jae Hyun Im

To determine whether the reproductive processes of sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus, proceed normally after transportation from an outdoor net-cage into indoor tanks, we examined changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological gonadal tissue, and plasma levels of sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol-17ß) during their annual reproductive cycle. We also measured maturation and spawning across two sea water salinity levels (full and low salinity). Fecundity was estimated by the relationship between egg number and body size in female sea bass. Monthly changes in the GSI, histological gonadal tissues, and oocyte size showed both male and female sea bass reach final maturation in January and February, respectively, indicating that the spermiation of males occurs earlier than the spawning of females. The histological results indicated that the sea bass is a multiple spawner, similar to many marine teleosts, exhibiting group-synchronous oocyte development. Female maturation and spawning were enhanced in lower salinity seawater (29.6-31.0 psu) compared to that of normal salinity (34.5-35.1 psu). These results confirm that sea bass reproduction can occur successfully in captivity and imply that fertilized eggs can be collected from February to March. Additionally, our results show that lower salinity enhances oocyte maturation and spawning of female sea bass.

为了确定日本鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)从室外网箱转移到室内水箱后的生殖过程是否正常进行,我们检测了其每年生殖周期中性腺指数(GSI)、组织学性腺组织和血浆性激素(睾酮和雌二醇-17ß)水平的变化。我们还测量了两种海水盐度水平(全盐度和低盐度)下的成熟和产卵。用卵数与体型的关系估计了雌黑鲈的繁殖力。GSI、组织学性腺组织和卵母细胞大小的月度变化表明,雄性和雌性黑鲈分别在1月和2月达到最终成熟,表明雄性黑鲈的授精时间早于雌性黑鲈的产卵时间。组织学结果表明,海鲈鱼与许多海洋硬鱼一样,是一种多卵者,卵母细胞的发育是群体同步的。与正常盐度(34.5-35.1 psu)相比,低盐度海水(29.6-31.0 psu)促进了雌性的成熟和产卵。这些结果证实,海鲈鱼在人工饲养条件下可以成功繁殖,并暗示在2月至3月之间可以收集受精卵。此外,我们的研究结果表明,较低的盐度促进了雌性海鲈鱼的卵母细胞成熟和产卵。
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引用次数: 0
Gonadal Abnormality and Intersexuality of Oplegnathus fasciatus (Teleostei: Oplegnathidae) Collected from the Southern Coast of Korea: A Case Report. 韩国南部海岸采集的筋膜钩鱼性腺异常和雌雄间性1例。
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.3.123
Ji Sung Choi, So Ryung Shin, Hyeon Jin Kim, Hyejin Kim, Yeonghye Kim, Jung Sick Lee

We report on the gonadal structure abnormality and intersexuality found from a survey regarding the reproductive potential of the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, along the southern coast of Korea. In total, 448 samples were collected for histological analysis (total length 27.5±6.8 cm; total weight 522.9±385.6 g). The sex ratio (F:M) was 1:0.46 (n=307:141), with 68.5% being females. The frequency of oocyte atresia and ovarian neoplasm in the females was 85.3% and 21.5%, respectively, and the frequency of testicular lobule and cyst deformation and testicular neoplasm in the males was 73.1% and 37.6%, respectively. The scale formation in the ovary and testis was approximately 2.0% for both sexes. The intersexuality was 42.2%, with the intersexuality among females being 49.5%, which was significantly higher than that of males (26.2%). Such findings indicate a negative impact on the reproductive output of the rock bream along the southern coast of Korea; however, a more detailed study is required to ascertain accurate causes.

我们报告了性腺结构异常和雌雄间性从调查中发现的生殖潜力的岩鲷,Oplegnathus fasciatus,沿韩国南部海岸。共采集标本448例进行组织学分析(总长度27.5±6.8 cm;总体重522.9±385.6 g),性别比(F:M)为1:0.46 (n=307:141),雌性占68.5%。女性卵母细胞闭锁和卵巢肿瘤发生率分别为85.3%和21.5%,男性睾丸小叶及囊肿变形和睾丸肿瘤发生率分别为73.1%和37.6%。两性卵巢和睾丸鳞片的形成率均约为2.0%。雌雄间性占42.2%,其中雌雄间性占49.5%,显著高于雌雄间性占26.2%。这些发现表明对朝鲜南部海岸鲷鱼的繁殖产量产生了负面影响;然而,需要更详细的研究来确定准确的原因。
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引用次数: 1
Reproductive Cycle of Blue-Striped Angelfish, Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis in Jeju Coastal Waters. 济州岛近海蓝条纹天使鱼的繁殖周期。
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.3.145
Dae-Jong Kim, Chi-Hoon Lee, Young-Don Lee

Reproductive cycle of the blue-striped angelfish, Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis were histologically investigated. Fish were monthly collected in the coastal waters of Munseom, Seogwipo, Jeju-Island from February to December 2018. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from May and maintained high values in August. The reproductive cycle of female fish can be classified by the characteristics observed during gonadal development as followed: growing stage (November to June), early mature stage (May to June), mature and spawning stage (June to September), and degenerative and recovery stage (September to December). In the male, testicular development period was similar to that of ovarian development period, but mature and spawning period was one month longer from June to October. Fecundity of mature female ranged from 4,601 to 22,840 and was correlated positively with total length and body weight. The histological analysis of gonadal development indicated that the C. septentrionalis was summer-spawning type and is considered a multiple spawner during spawning season.

对蓝条纹神仙鱼(Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis)的生殖周期进行了组织学研究。从2018年2月到12月,在济州岛西归浦市文仙市沿海水域每月采集鱼类。促性腺指数(GSI)从5月份开始上升,8月份保持高位。根据雌鱼性腺发育的特点,将雌鱼的生殖周期分为生长期(11月至6月)、早熟期(5月至6月)、成熟产卵期(6月至9月)和退行期和恢复期(9月至12月)。雄性的睾丸发育期与卵巢发育期相似,但成熟期和产卵期从6月到10月要长1个月。成熟雌虫的繁殖力在4601 ~ 22840之间,与体长、体重呈正相关。性腺发育的组织学分析表明,七叶螟属夏季产卵型,在产卵季节可以进行多次产卵。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Variations within and between Blue Crab (Portunus trituberculatus) Groups. 蓝蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)群体内部和群体之间的遗传变异。
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.3.185
Young-Jae Song, Jong-Man Yoon
Abstract The five oligonucleotide primers (oligo-primers) turned out a total of 335 fragments (FMs) (52.9%) in the blue crab (Portunus trituberculatus) group alpha and 298 FMs (47.1%) in the crab group beta, with the FM scales range varying from 100 bp to 2,000 bp. The highest band-sharing (BS) value (0.907) was found between individual’s no. 19 and no. 20 within the blue crab group beta. Parties in the blue crab group beta (0.601±0.017) had higher BS rates than did parties from the crab group alpha (0.563±0.017) (p<0.05). The polar dendrogram got by the five oligo-primers points out two genetic extents: bundle I (BLUECRAB 01, 03, 04, 05, 06, 08, and 10) and bundle II (BLUECRAB 02, 07, 09. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22). The OPD-01 primer revealed 22 loci shared by all the examples of the as FMs of 1,000 bp. The oligo-primer OPA-05 made unique loci shared to each group (ULSEG), almost 400 bp and 500 bp, individually, in blue crab group beta. The remaining oligo-primers did not reveal any loci shared by the two crab groups (LSTG). The average number of ULSEG was diverse and 1.6-fold higher in the crab group beta than in the crab group alpha.
五个寡核苷酸引物(oligo引物)在蓝蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)组α中总共产生335个片段(FM)(52.9%),在蟹组β中总共产生298个片段(47.1%),FM范围从100bp到2000bp不等。在蓝蟹组β中,在个体的19号和20号之间发现了最高的带共享(BS)值(0.907)。蓝蟹组β组(0.601±0.017)的BS发生率高于螃蟹组α组(0.563±0.017
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引用次数: 0
Constitutive Activating Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptors Induce Constitutively Signal Transduction and Inactivating Mutants Impair Biological Activity. 组成激活黄体生成素受体诱导组成信号转导,灭活突变体损害生物活性。
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.3.133
Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa, Seung-Hee Choi, Dong-Wan Kim, Kwan-Sik Min

In contrast to the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) and rat LHR (rLHR), very few naturally occurring mutants in other mammalian species have been identified. The present study aimed to delineate the mechanism of signal transduction by three constitutively activating mutants (designated M410T, L469R, and D590Y) and two inactivating mutants (D383N and Y546F) of the eel LHR, known to be naturally occurring in human LHR transmembrane domains. The mutants were constructed and measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation via homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The activating mutant cells expressing eel LHR-M410T, L469R, and D590Y exhibited a 4.0-, 19.1-, and 7.8-fold increase in basal cAMP response without agonist treatment, respectively. However, inactivating mutant cells expressing D417N and Y558F did not completely impaired signal transduction. Specifically, signal transduction in the cells expressing activating mutant L469R was not occurred with a further ligand stimulation, showing that the maximal response exhibited approximately 53% of those of wild type receptor. Our results suggested that the constitutively activating mutants of the eel LHR consistently occurred without agonist treatment. These results provide important information of LHR function in fish and regulation with regard to mutations of highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.

与人类lutropin受体(hLHR)和大鼠LHR (rLHR)相比,在其他哺乳动物物种中很少发现自然发生的突变体。本研究旨在描述鳗鱼LHR的三个组成激活突变体(指定为M410T, L469R和D590Y)和两个灭活突变体(D383N和Y546F)的信号转导机制,已知这些突变体自然存在于人类LHR跨膜结构域。构建突变体,并通过均匀时间分辨荧光法测定中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)-K1细胞中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的积累。在没有激动剂治疗的情况下,表达鳗鱼LHR-M410T、L469R和D590Y的激活突变细胞的基础cAMP反应分别增加了4.0倍、19.1倍和7.8倍。然而,失活表达D417N和Y558F的突变细胞并没有完全破坏信号转导。具体来说,在表达激活突变体L469R的细胞中,进一步的配体刺激不会发生信号转导,表明其最大反应约为野生型受体的53%。我们的研究结果表明,在没有激动剂治疗的情况下,鳗鱼LHR的组成型激活突变体始终发生。这些结果提供了鱼类LHR功能和糖蛋白激素受体中高度保守氨基酸突变调控的重要信息。
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引用次数: 4
Antitumor Effect of Metformin in Combination with Binimetinib on Melanoma Cells. 二甲双胍联合比尼美替尼对黑色素瘤细胞的抗肿瘤作用。
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.2.93
Eunsung Lee, Yongjae Kwon, Jiwon Kim, Deokbae Park, Youngki Lee

Cutaneous melanoma is a fatal disease for patients with distant metastasis. Metformin is the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, and proved to suppress cell proliferation and metastasis in diverse cancers including melanoma. We previously reported that MEK inhibitor trametinib increases the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators and melanoma cell motility, which are suppressed by addition of metformin in A375 melanoma cells. To confirm our findings further, we first evaluated the effect of metformin in combination with another MEK inhibitor binimetinib on cell viability in G361 melanoma cells. We then investigated whether binimetinib affects the expression of EMT regulators and cell motility. We finally monitored the effect of metformin on binimetinib-induced cell migration. Cell viability assay showed that combination index (CI) value at ED50 is 0.80, suggesting synergy for the combination of metformin with binimetinib. Our results also revealed that binimetinib increased the expression of EMT regulators such as integrin αV, fibronectin and slug, which correlate well with the enhanced cell migration in wound healing assay. Metformin, on the contrary, suppressed the expression of sparc, integrin αV, fibronectin and N-cadherin with the reduced cell motility. The combination treatment showed that metformin counteracts the binimetinib-induced increase of cell motility. Overall, these results suggest that metformin with binimetinib might be useful as a potential therapeutic adjuvant against cell survival and metastatic activity in melanoma patients.

皮肤黑色素瘤是一种有远处转移的致命疾病。二甲双胍是应用最广泛的抗糖尿病药物,已被证明可抑制包括黑色素瘤在内的多种癌症的细胞增殖和转移。我们之前报道过MEK抑制剂trametinib增加上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)调节因子的表达和黑色素瘤细胞的运动,这在A375黑色素瘤细胞中被二甲双胍抑制。为了进一步证实我们的发现,我们首先评估了二甲双胍与另一种MEK抑制剂比尼美替尼联合使用对G361黑色素瘤细胞活力的影响。然后我们研究了比尼替尼是否影响EMT调节因子的表达和细胞运动。我们最后监测了二甲双胍对比尼美替尼诱导的细胞迁移的影响。细胞活力测定显示,ED50时联合指数(CI)为0.80,提示二甲双胍与比尼美替尼联用具有协同作用。我们的研究结果还显示,比尼美替尼增加了EMT调节因子如整合素αV、纤维连接蛋白和鼻涕虫的表达,这与伤口愈合实验中细胞迁移的增强密切相关。相反,二甲双胍抑制sparc、整合素αV、纤维连接蛋白和N-cadherin的表达,降低细胞运动性。联合治疗表明,二甲双胍抵消了比尼美替尼引起的细胞运动性增加。总的来说,这些结果表明二甲双胍联合比尼美替尼可能是一种潜在的抗黑色素瘤患者细胞存活和转移活性的治疗辅助剂。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Geographical Genetic Differences of Arkshell Populations in Korea. 韩国黑壳居群地理遗传差异分析。
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.2.105
Jong-Man Yoon

A PCR-founded genetic analysis aim and principle was used to foster a hierarchical polar dendrogram of the Euclidean genetic distances (GDs) for two arkshell populations, Scapharca broughtonii (YEOSU, Yeosu population and JINHAE, Jinhae population). Five oligonucleotides primers were make use of to craft 354 and 390 scorable bands in the Yeosu and Jinhae populations, respectively, outspreading in DNA fragment size from 100 bp to 1,600 bp. The bandsharing (BS) results disclosed that the Jinhae population had a higher average BS value (0.700) than that for the Yeosu population (0.692). The GD between individuals supported an adjacent association in grouping II (JINHAE 12 - JINHAE 22). The observation of a noteworthy GD between the two Scapharca populations verified that this PCR-generated technique could be a profitable attempt for within- and between-population-grounded biological DNA scrutiny. The potential of PCR inquiry will be favorable in the selection of individuals and/or populations for several reproductive- and/or quarantine-connected characters in aquafarming manufacture.

利用pcr建立的遗传分析目标和原理,建立了2个方贝居群Scapharca broughtonii (YEOSU,丽水居群和JINHAE,镇海居群)欧几里得遗传距离(GDs)的等级极枝图。利用5条寡核苷酸引物,在丽水和镇海种群中分别构建了354条和390条可分带,DNA片段大小从100 bp扩展到1600 bp。bandsharing (BS)结果显示,镇海人口的平均BS值(0.700)高于丽水人口(0.692)。个体之间的GD支持II组的相邻关联(JINHAE 12 - JINHAE 22)。对两个Scapharca种群之间显著GD的观察证实,这种pcr生成的技术可能是一种有益的尝试,用于种群内部和种群之间的生物DNA审查。PCR调查的潜力将有利于在水产养殖生产中选择一些与繁殖和/或检疫相关的性状的个体和/或群体。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of Maternal Hypothyroidism on the Pubertal Development in Female Rat Offspring. 母体甲状腺功能减退症对雌性大鼠子代青春期发育的影响。
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.2.83
Jin-Soo Park, Sung-Ho Lee

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism and puberty onset in female rat pups. To do this, we employed propylthiouracil (PTU) to prepare a hypothyroid rat model. Pregnant rats were treated with PTU (0.025%) in drinking water from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21 of offspring. Comparison of general indices such as body and tissue weights and puberty indices such as vaginal opening (VO) and tissue histology between control and PTU-treated rats were conducted. There was no significant difference in the date of VO between control and PTU group. The body weights of the PTU group were significantly lower, only 36.8% of the control group (p<0.001). Although the absolute thyroid weight was not changed by PTU treatment, the relative weight increased significantly about 2.8 times (p<0.001), indicating that hypothyroidism was successfully induced. On the other hand, the absolute weights of the ovary and uterus were markedly decreased by PTU administration (p<0.001), and the relative weight was not significantly changed. The ovarian histology of PTU group revealed the advanced state of differentiation (i.e., presence of corpora lutea). Inversely, the uterine histology of PTU group showed underdeveloped structures compared those in control group. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that our maternal hypothyroidism model resulted in minimal effect on pubertal development symbolized by VO despite of huge retardation in somatic growth. More sophisticatedly designed hypothyroidism model will be helpful to achieve a better understanding of pubertal development and related disorders.

本研究旨在探讨母鼠甲状腺功能减退症对母鼠幼鼠青春期发育的影响。为此,我们采用丙基硫脲嘧啶(PTU)制备甲状腺功能减退大鼠模型。从妊娠第14天至子代出生后第21天,将0.025%的PTU添加到怀孕大鼠的饮用水中。比较对照组大鼠和ptu组大鼠的体质量、组织质量等一般指标和阴道开口、组织组织学等青春期指标。对照组与PTU组的VO日期无显著差异。PTU组体重显著降低,仅为对照组的36.8% (p < 0.05)
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引用次数: 2
In Vitro Sex Steroid Metabolism in Red Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara during Oocyte Maturation. 赤斑石斑鱼卵母细胞成熟过程中体外性类固醇代谢的研究。
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.12717/DR.2021.25.2.75
In Joon Hwang, Hea Ja Baek

We studied steroid metabolites produced from red-spotted grouper ovarian follicles during maturation. Oocytes with 350-500 μm diameter were in vitro incubated in the presence of [3H] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor. Steroid metabolites were extracted from incubated media and oocytes. The extracts were separated and identified using thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified metabolites were androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T) and estrone (E1). The metabolites of A4 was dominant in all size of oocytes and it was the highest in 480 μm diameter oocytes. The metabolites of two progestins, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17α,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one were detected in the oocytes less than 480 μm diameter although they were not identified definitely. In the oocytes of 480 μm diameter, metabolite of progestin was the highest, and germinal vesicle (GV) was still in the middle of cytoplasm. In the oocytes of 500 μm diameter, GV was began to migrate and the major metabolites were A4 and E1. The metabolite of E1 was detected in all size of oocytes and it was higher than that of E2. These results suggest that oocytes of 480 μm diameter are the transitional stage involving steroidogenic shift to final oocyte maturation and potential function of E1 during maturation process.

我们研究了红斑石斑鱼卵巢卵泡在成熟过程中产生的类固醇代谢物。以[3H] 17α-羟孕酮为前体体外培养直径为350 ~ 500 μm的卵母细胞。从培养液和卵母细胞中提取类固醇代谢物。采用薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法对提取物进行分离鉴定。鉴定的代谢物为雄烯二酮(A4)、睾酮(T)和雌酮(E1)。A4代谢物在各大小卵母细胞中均占主导地位,在直径480 μm的卵母细胞中代谢物含量最高。在直径小于480 μm的卵母细胞中检测到17α,20β-二羟基-4-孕-3- 1和17α,20α-二羟基-4-孕-3- 1两种孕激素的代谢产物,但鉴定不明确。在直径为480 μm的卵母细胞中,黄体酮的代谢物最高,生发囊泡(GV)仍位于细胞质中间。在直径500 μm的卵母细胞中,GV开始迁移,主要代谢物为A4和E1。E1的代谢物在各大小卵母细胞中均检测到,且均高于E2。这些结果表明,直径为480 μm的卵母细胞是甾体性转变到最终卵母细胞成熟的过渡阶段,在成熟过程中E1具有潜在的功能。
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引用次数: 3
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Development & reproduction
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