Diabetes epidemiology and management最新文献

{"title":"Trends and regional disparities in the diabetes burden across Asia, 1990–2021: Insights from the global burden of disease study","authors":"Sufyan Shahid ,&nbsp;Aya Abdulrahman Ajeel ,&nbsp;Ali Dheyaa Marsool ,&nbsp;Muneeb Saifullah ,&nbsp;Hiba Mukhtar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Umer Sattar ,&nbsp;Anum Waseem ,&nbsp;Zareen Shafqat ,&nbsp;Zunaira Rehman ,&nbsp;Raheel Ahmed ,&nbsp;Dr. Muzammil Farhan","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major contributor to the non-communicable disease burden in Asia. Understanding temporal, regional, and demographic patterns is essential for guiding prevention and control efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and mortality for DM from the Global Burden of Disease 1990–2021 dataset, encompassing both type 1 and type 2 diabetes across Asian countries and subregions. Joinpoint regression analysis (permutation tests; NCI Joinpoint v5.2.0) was applied to detect significant inflection points as well as to estimate annual percentage changes (APCs) and Average Annual Percent Changes (AAPCs) in trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By 2021, an estimated 314 million individuals in Asia were living with DM, with an age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of 6,098.31 per 100,000, incidence rate (ASIR) of 277.23, and death rate (ASDR) of 18.78. From 1990 to 2021, ASPR, ASIR, and ASDR increased with average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of 1.92%, 1.60%, and 0.35%, respectively. Central Asia demonstrated the highest increases in prevalence (AAPC: 2.73%) and mortality (1.73%), while East Asia showed slower growth and declining mortality (–0.31%). High-income Asia Pacific experienced rising prevalence but a marked decline in mortality (–2.86%). Southeast Asia recorded a sharp recent surge in prevalence (APC: 5.61% during 2019–2021). Male patients consistently had higher prevalence and mortality than females. At the national level, Brunei, Mongolia, and Malaysia had the highest prevalence, while Pakistan and the Philippines reported disproportionately high mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The diabetes burden in Asia has risen substantially, with pronounced regional, temporal, and sex-based disparities. These findings highlight the urgent need for tailored, region-specific public health strategies to mitigate the growing impact of DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in use of cardiorenal protective medication among people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Denmark","authors":"Rasmus Rørth ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Gerds ,&nbsp;Vanja Kosjerina ,&nbsp;Bendix Carstensen ,&nbsp;Frederik Persson ,&nbsp;Peter Rossing","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Kidney- and cardiovascular complications are the main challenges in modern diabetes care. Several drugs to prevent these have emerged in recent years. A key problem is therapy implementation to ensure benefits demonstrated in trials and recommended in guidelines. We investigated time-trends in use of cardiorenal protective medication in persons with type-2 diabetes(T2D) with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD).</div></div><div><h3>Research design and Methods</h3><div>By use of data from Danish health registers we were able to identify individuals with diabetes and stratify them by CKD status. We assessed the medication use in individuals with T2D with and without CKD on a national level between 2011-2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By 2022, 312,990 persons had T2D and 102,216 (33 %) of these had CKD. Use of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA increased over time and was more abundant among persons with T2D without CKD, whereas the use of ACE-inhibitors, ARBs, MRA, antiplatelet - and lipid lowering drugs was more frequent among people with diabetes and CKD. The use of cardiorenal protective medication across age and sex was similar for persons with T2D with or without CKD with men having marginally higher degree of exposure than women for most medication classes except GLP-1RA and ARB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Exposure to SGLT2i and GLP-1RA increased over time but was, in contrast to current guideline recommendations, more pronounced among individuals with diabetes without CKD and contrary to the other cardiorenal protective medications. The cardiorenal protective benefits of these agents can only be achieved with continued focus on implementation of guideline recommendations for high-risk individuals with complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis of diabetes risk factors in HIV-positive patients in a 15-year cohort study","authors":"Tra Thu Doan ,&nbsp;Cuong Duy Do","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation of individuals with type 2 diabetes in a behavioural e-health lifestyle intervention in Denmark: A feasibility study","authors":"Fereshteh Baygi ,&nbsp;Carl J. Brandt ,&nbsp;Kathrine Kjær-Hansen ,&nbsp;Anders Grøntved ,&nbsp;Jan C. Brønd ,&nbsp;Sia K. Nicolaisen ,&nbsp;Jacob V. Stidsen ,&nbsp;Reimar W. Thomsen ,&nbsp;Jens Søndergaard ,&nbsp;Jens S. Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Behavioural lifestyle interventions can support type 2 diabetes (T2D) self-management; however, participation and adherence rates are often low. This feasibility study examined characteristics of individuals with T2D who were willing or unwilling to participate in, complete, and adhere to a personalised e-health behavioural lifestyle intervention in a general practitioner (GP) setting.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Nurses at two Danish GP setting invited patients with T2D to participate in a one-year smartphone-based intervention. Patient characteristics were obtained from Danish health registers, GP records, and previously collected data. The personalized intervention included three face-to-face consultations (at baseline, 2 months, and 12 months) to set personal goals and measure weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences. Physical and mental health were assessed using the SF-12v1 survey. All other support and interactions occurred via app. Adherence to the app usage was evaluated by tracking logins, messages sent, and response times during the first and final three months of the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 63 eligible individuals with T2D, 20 (31.7 %) agreed to participate. Those who were willing to participate were predominantly men (75 %), younger (median age 57 years [IQR 52; 66] vs. 65 years [IQR: 57; 73]), had a longer duration of diabetes (6.6 years [2.9; 8.2] vs. 5.5 years [3.7; 7.0], higher fasting glucose levels (8.5 mmol/L [6.8; 10.4] vs. 7.9 mmol/L [7.1; 9.3]), and lower mental component scores (48.8 [38.5; 52.0] vs. 54.7 [47.3; 58.7]) compared to those unwilling. Of 20 individuals who were willing to participate, 13 (65 %) completed the intervention. After 2 months their mental component scores were 47.4 (40.6; 50.5), compared to 31.5 (31.5; 45.8) among those who dropped out. Additionally, completers demonstrated more consistent app usage, whereas app engagement among dropouts declined significantly over the first two months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Willingness to participate in the behavioural intervention among individual with T2D was modest. Those willing to participate and completed the intervention were more often men, had better mental health, and showed higher app engagement than dropouts. These findings underscore the need for personalized strategies to improve participation and adherence in e-health lifestyle interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus among people with intellectual disability in comparison to the general population: A register study (IDcare)","authors":"Karin Engström ,&nbsp;Magnus Sandberg ,&nbsp;Anna Axmon","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To assess the prevalence and prevalence relative risk (PRR) of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among people with intellectual disabilities (ID) compared to the general population using a register-based cohort in Sweden.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 14,716 people with ID and 1226,955 people from the general population in Skåne, Sweden, on January 1st, 2014. Data on health care contacts were collected from the Skåne Healthcare Register for the entire study period (2014–2021). PRRs with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression, with the general population serving as the reference group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The PRR for T1DM was higher among people with ID (PRR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.36–1.95), particularly among children and adolescents. The PRR for T2DM was also higher (PRR 1.53, 95 % CI 1.43–1.63) across all age groups, except for children. Women had higher PRRs (T1DM: PRR 1.88, 95 % CI 1.42–2.47; T2DM: PRR 1.80, 95 % CI 1.63–1.99) than men (T1DM: PRR 1.44, 95 % CI 1.13–1.82; T2DM: PRR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.22–1.48). The PRR increased with ID severity for T1DM, whereas a higher PRR was observed among people with mild or moderate ID for T2DM, but not among those with severe/profound ID.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>People with ID have higher prevalence relative risks for both T1DM and T2DM, indicating a higher diabetes burden than in the general population. Differences in PRR between T1DM and T2DM, according to age, sex, and ID severity, underscore the need for targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity depression – diabetes in Eastern DR Congo: insights from a cross-sectional study","authors":"Roland Muhindo Muyisa (Laros) M.D. ,&nbsp;Jacques Katsuva Wahangire M.D. ,&nbsp;Célestin Kaputu Malu M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Depression among patients with diabetes is a major public health problem, but it is not well described in our region. The objective of this survey was to determine the prevalence and identify predictive factors of depression in individuals with diabetes in our region.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>It was a cross-sectional and analytic study of patients under regular medical consultations at Matanda Hospital. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic parameters, clinical characteristics, depression assessment using the PHQ-9, and glycemic control through HbA1c levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 294 diabetic patients, 170 (57.8 %) exhibited depressive symptoms. Major risk factors for depression included age ≥45 years, illiteracy, unemployment, low income (&lt;30 USD/month), alcohol use, tobacco use, diabetes duration &lt;5 years, hygiene measures-only therapy, acute complications, and hypertension. Protective factors included age 30–44 years, marriage, university education, employment, diabetes duration 5–9 years, and combined hygiene measures plus oral antidiabetic therapy. Depression was significantly associated with poor glycemic control (HbA1c &gt;6.5 %; p = 0.0043).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is a high prevalence of depression among patients with diabetes in our region. The implementation of routine screening for depression is necessary to improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin therapy adherence and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Mulualem Gete Feleke,&nbsp;Tadele Lankrew Ayalew,&nbsp;Kidist Ashager,&nbsp;Bizuayehu Atinafu Ataro,&nbsp;Hailu Asmare Beyene","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health challenge. Insulin adherence is crucial to prevent complications, yet poor adherence remains common. This study assessed insulin adherence and associated factors among diabetic patients in Wolaita Zone Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 among 394 diabetic patients. Participants were selected using proportional allocation and systematic random sampling. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with insulin adherence, with results reported as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of insulin adherence was 40.1 % (95 % CI: 35.5–44.9 %). Higher adherence was associated with college education or above (AOR=3.03; 95 % CI: 1.36–7.18), owning a glucometer (AOR=2.79; 95 % CI: 1.35–5.75), good knowledge (AOR=3.14; 95 % CI: 1.71–5.77), positive attitude toward insulin (AOR=6.12; 95 % CI: 3.38–11.09), and regular monthly follow-up (AOR=3.81; 95 % CI: 1.73–8.40). Conversely, having comorbidities (AOR=0.42; 95 % CI: 0.23–0.77) and diabetes duration ≥15 years (AOR=0.27; 95 % CI: 0.11–0.67) were negatively associated with adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Insulin adherence was low. Patient-centered interventions focusing on education, attitude improvement, and promote regular follow-up are vital to enhance adherence and reduce complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on the impact of oral health on fasting blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals","authors":"Shu Yuan ,&nbsp;Zi-Lin Li ,&nbsp;Jing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between canagliflozin use and sarcopenia: Real-world data from the United States","authors":"Zhong Yuan ,&nbsp;Jill Hardin ,&nbsp;James P. Gilbert ,&nbsp;Jordy Mehawej ,&nbsp;Saberi Rana Ali ,&nbsp;Carolyn Jeffcoat ,&nbsp;Sergio Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Real-world data were analyzed to evaluate the incidence and risk of sarcopenia for canagliflozin compared with other antihyperglycemic agents (AHAs) including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), empagliflozin, and dapagliflozin.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) included new users of canagliflozin or the AHAs (2016 to 2023) in 7 United States healthcare databases. Large-scale regularized regression generated propensity scores (PS) were used for matching and controlling confounding. A conditional Cox proportional hazards model assessed the treatment effect, presented as hazard ratios (HR). A self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis assessed the incidence rate ratio between exposed and non-exposed periods among canagliflozin users.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The PS-matched analyses showed no statistically significant increased risk of sarcopenia with canagliflozin versus any AHA comparator, though confidence intervals (CIs) were wide due to low event rates. The calibrated HRs (95 % CI) were 0.71 (0.26, 1.91) for canagliflozin versus empagliflozin, 1.16 (0.28, 4.70) for canagliflozin versus dapagliflozin, 8.79 (0.66, 116.96) for canagliflozin versus GLP-1RAs, and 0.88 (0.26, 2.98) for canagliflozin versus DPP-4 inhibitors. The crude incidence rates of sarcopenia (per 10,000 person-years) varied across databases: canagliflozin (0.0 to 1.0), dapagliflozin (0.4 to 7.9), empagliflozin (0.7 to 3.4), DPP-4 inhibitors (0.4 to 4.8), and GLP-1RAs (0.5 to 3.4). The SCCS analysis indicated an incidence ratio of 0.83 (0.50, 1.37).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The incidence rates of sarcopenia were low among patients with T2DM treated with canagliflozin or other comparator AHAs. There is no evidence suggesting an increased risk of sarcopenia associated with canagliflozin compared with other AHAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and hearing threshold elevation in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Hind Maher Alenzi ,&nbsp;Raghad Abdullah Alsagri ,&nbsp;Manal Alfakhri ,&nbsp;Safa Alqudah ,&nbsp;Margaret Zuriekat ,&nbsp;Manal Alshareef ,&nbsp;Aseel Hamad Alkhamees","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with sensorineural hearing loss through microvascular and neural pathways. Although T2DM prevalence is high in Saudi Arabia, limited research has examined the relationship between glycemic control and auditory function in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and hearing threshold levels (HTL) in Saudi adults with T2DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed medical records of 41 Saudi adults with T2DM (aged 20–57 years, 27 males, 14 females) who underwent pure tone audiometry and HbA1c testing at Royal Commission Medical Center, Yanbu, between 2021–2024. Linear regression analyses examined associations between HbA1c and HTL across low-frequency (0.25–2 kHz) and high-frequency (4–8 kHz) ranges.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean participant age was 49.1 ± 7.8 years, with mean HbA1c of 6.9 ± 1.2 %. Linear regression revealed significant positive associations between HbA1c and HTL in both low-frequency (β = 0.93, 95 % CI: 2.30–2.98, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and high-frequency ranges (β = 0.91, 95 % CI: 4.05–5.46, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Age was also significantly associated with HTL in both frequency ranges (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elevated HbA1c levels are significantly associated with increased hearing thresholds in Saudi adults with T2DM, suggesting that poor glycemic control may contribute to auditory dysfunction. These findings support incorporating routine audiological assessments into diabetes care protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}