Die Ophthalmologie最新文献

The International Committee on Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) was founded in 2005 to address difficulties arising from the outdated nomenclature for corneal dystrophies (CD) and to correct misconceptions in the literature. For each of the 22 CDs, a separate template was created to represent the current clinical, pathological and genetic knowledge of the disease. In addition, each template contains representative clinical photographs as well as light and electron microscopic images and, if available, confocal microscopic and coherence tomographic images of the respective CD. After the first edition was published in 2008, the revised version followed in 2015. The third edition of the IC3D was published as open access in February 2024. The latest edition is intended to serve as a reference work in everyday clinical practice and facilitate the diagnosis of CD, which might sometimes be difficult. This article provides an overview of the diagnostic and treatment principles of CD and presents the IC3D and its changes over time.

Intraocular lenses (IOL) featuring complex optical designs can pose a challenge in understanding their performance, which may hinder making an informed decision when selecting suitable lenses for patients. This underlines the importance of collecting optical quality data of IOLs and making them available. The deployment of benchtop systems for IOL testing offers not only insights into the design features of various IOL solutions but also provides a platform for objective comparisons of special optics designs, including information about their susceptibility to photic phenomena. Recent advances in IOL testing have improved the ability to predict functional effects on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity from objective optical quality metrics. This, for instance, can be used to study monofocal lenses and the impact of asphericity on vision and IOLs tolerance to misalignment. Monofocal-plus IOLs consistently show only a slight improvement in the depth of focus when tested on the optical bench and in clinical settings. Although the pupil dependence found in this technology may limit the advantages of monofocal-plus over standard monofocal technology to extend the range of vision, it is the key to reduce photic phenomena. Refractive and diffractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOLs can effectively enhance intermediate vision, with the latter offering a slightly broader depth of focus but potentially increasing the risk of dysphotopsia. However, the limitation of EDOF IOLs is that they often fail to deliver spectacle independence for reading, which can be overcome by trifocal technology. Still, the available trifocal IOLs differ in their location of intermediate and near foci and the susceptibility to produce glare effects. Therefore, the knowledge from optical benchtop testing of IOLs can support optimizing the IOL selection by aligning the patient's visual needs with the IOL's properties, setting the right expectations, and assessing the risk profile for the occurrence of photic phenomena, potentially leading to improved decision-making.

Background: The Masterplan Medicine 2020 adopted in 2017 entails many changes to the medical studies curriculum. The new structure affects the content of the coursework and its main focus. A major goal of this masterplan is to prepare young physicians by teaching the skills that are essential for the future profession. The National Competence-Based Learning Objectives Catalog for Medicine (NKLM) provides the basis for the teaching content.

Methods: The Working Group Teaching of the German Society of Ophthalmology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre der DOG) actively supports this transformation. In cross-site collaboration, teaching materials for various teaching formats have been compiled by relying on the NKLM (e.g., recordings of operations, slides for small group instruction, image galleries, case studies). An online library named the DOG-EyeTeacher was then created.

Results: The aim of the DOG-EyeTeacher is to relieve the training clinics and to establish basic standards in teaching materials, thereby enabling the necessary focus on medical education. The provision of these teaching materials should deepen the interest in ophthalmology among future doctors.

Conclusion: The DOG-EyeTeacher is our response to the challenges associated with the planned restructuring of the medical curriculum. Since October 2023, any DOG member involved in teaching can create an account free of charge to use our materials.