Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Crossroads of Animal Medicine: Assessing Its Potential Impact on Human Health – A Comprehensive Mixed-Methods Investigation through Systematic Literature Review, Pharmacovigilance Approaches, and Netnographic Analysis","authors":"J. Dunn,&nbsp;F. Schifano,&nbsp;E. Dudley,&nbsp;D. Arillotta,&nbsp;A. Guirguis","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The misuse of veterinary drugs has emerged as a significant public health concern with growing evidence of their infiltration into both illicit drug markets and recreational use. This study aimed to investigate veterinary drug misuse through various methodologies, including systematic literature review, pharmacovigilance data approaches, and social media analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The systematic review of 66 articles identified 28 veterinary drugs being misused by humans, primarily α-2 and β-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, GABAergic modulators, opioid receptor agonists, NSAIDs, and NMDA receptor antagonists. A pharmacovigilance analysis using the FAERS database analysed 21 veterinary drugs, retrieving 38,756 adverse events. A netnographic dual-method analysis of Reddit discussions explored themes related to misuse trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Veterinary drugs were misused for purposes such as recreational use, pain relief, weight loss, bodybuilding, and stress-related self-medication. Common administration routes were parenteral, oral, and inhalation. Motivations included affordability, accessibility, and ease of obtaining multiple prescriptions. FAERS analysis revealed 9566 fatalities, with levamisole, pentobarbital, and xylazine among the most concerning substances. Polysubstance use was evident in 90% of cases. Netnography identified emerging misuse of xylazine, carfentanil, medetomidine, pentobarbital, phenylbutazone, and acepromazine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This research emphasises the increasing misuse of veterinary drugs and the need for heightened vigilance in both healthcare and public health policy to address risks of overdose, dependence, and illicit drug adulteration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the 100% Me Prevention Campaign for the Use of Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) in Sports","authors":"V. Barbati,&nbsp;T. Zandonai,&nbsp;G. Penazzi,&nbsp;C. Del Sal,&nbsp;S. Venturini,&nbsp;G. Esposito,&nbsp;O. Corazza","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) is an umbrella term encompassing substances used to improve appearance, physical, or cognitive performance. Their increasing use reflects multiple psychosocial drivers, including body image dissatisfaction, performance pressure, social comparison, and cultural ideals of success. Despite these contributing factors, research on prevention strategies remains limited. To address this gap, the 100% Me prevention campaign was implemented to raise awareness of the risks associated with IPED use and to promote healthier, evidence-based approaches to body image and performance enhancement. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 100% Me multimedia prevention campaign in increasing awareness and understanding of the risks associated with IPED use among students and athletes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The 100% Me campaign consisted of five original educational videos, each focusing on different aspects of IPED use, including associated risks, social influences, and positive alternatives. These videos were used both as standalone materials and as part of a broader intervention that included facilitated workshops. The campaign targeted 300 participants (students and athletes) using a pre–post design comparing a video-only group with a video-plus-workshop group. Here, we report preliminary findings from the video-only condition (N = 113). Participants attended a 45-minute session including a pre-test, video exposure, and post-test. Outcomes included knowledge and sensitivity questionnaires and the Audiovisual Production Assessment Scale (APAS).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Preliminary analyses revealed a statistically significant increase in awareness of IPED-related risks (β = 0.122; p = 0.0066; Cohen’s d = 0.109). The effect was stronger on emotional–cognitive awareness (d = 0.223; p = 0.0037) than on factual knowledge (d = 0.078; n.s.), suggesting that the videos were more effective in shaping attitudes than in transferring information. APAS scores indicated a positive overall evaluation (mean total score = 70.95/100), with the highest ratings for observational learning (3.90/5) and cognitive comfort (3.77/5), while facilitation scored lower (3.25/5), indicating the need for stronger actionable components. Effects were consistent across gender and sport practice, suggesting equitable impact.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Preliminary findings indicate that the 100% Me video campaign effectively increased awareness of IPED risks among students and athletes. The five videos proved to be engaging, equitable, and emotionally impactful prevention tools, with results comparable to those of more complex interventions. These findings support the scalability of video-based multimedia strategies that integrate scientific evidence with storytelling to counter misinformation, raise awareness, and inform prevention-oriented initiatives in sport and health c","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“High, Intimate, and Unspoken”: Exploring Sexualized Use of Synthetic Stimulants in Kazakhstan","authors":"M. Prilutskaya,&nbsp;G. Altybayeva,&nbsp;A. Kussainov","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Synthetic stimulants such as mephedrone and MDMA are increasingly used to enhance sexual experiences. While this phenomenon is documented in several regions, it remains underexplored in Central Asia, where stigma and limited harm reduction infrastructure pose additional challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with six participants (aged 22–37) in Kazakhstan who reported using synthetic stimulants in sexual contexts. Participants were recruited via peer referrals. Thematic analysis was used to examine motivations, perceived effects, consent dynamics, sexual health behaviors, and access to support.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants described stimulant use as a means to intensify intimacy, prolong sexual encounters, and reduce emotional barriers. However, risks included unprotected sex, prolonged sessions leading to physical exhaustion, and difficulties in navigating consent. None of the participants had received targeted harm reduction information or services. Stigma and fear of being judged were cited as major barriers to seeking help.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sexualized stimulant use is present but largely hidden in Kazakhstan. Culturally sensitive, nonjudgmental harm reduction and sexual health services are urgently needed to address this intersection. Programs should integrate substance use and sexual health support, and actively work to reduce stigma around these practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic early warning: a future-ready strategy against global NPS threats","authors":"J. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Objective The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime launched the Early Warning Advisory (EWA) on New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) in June 2013 as a future-ready strategy against the emergence of NPS at the global level. We describe how this forensic early warning system monitors, analyses and reports NPS trends as a basis for effective evidence-based policy, laboratory and health responses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The EWA collates data from a range of sources including analysis of seized material, drug checking submissions, toxicology cases (postmortem, clinical, drug use, drug impaired driving, drug facilitated crime), from the UNODC Global network of over 300 drug testing and forensic toxicology laboratories and other partner organisations as well as responses to the UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire. New data sources and variables are continuously sought to meet the changing needs of early warning.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As of September 2025, 1396 NPS from 153 countries/territories have been reported to EWA. Dashboards are published with limited information for the public and more detailed analysis available for registered users. Analyses identify the most persistent, prevalent and harmful NPS which pose the greatest threat to public health. 2024 recorded a record high of 688 individual NPS and 101 newly emerged NPS from drug samples. The most reported NPS by number of countries for each effect group were: ketamine, HHC, 4-MMC, bromazolam, metonitazene and 1cP-LSD. Changes implemented in 2024–2025 include increased frequency of data submissions, new data sources, NPS concentration reporting and the number of reports per country. A new combined database is in development to enable reporting across all sample types, including the addition of new sample types such as syringe residue and wastewater; and capturing substances other than NPS. Conclusion: The strengths of EWA are providing a global understanding of NPS availability and harms from a wide range of sources through data sharing from a large collaborative network. Forensic early warning has enabled the international community to identify NPS soon after their emergence on illicit drug markets as well as to monitor their persistence and regional spread. The data directly informs the prioritisation of substances for international control, as well as national legislative and public health responses to emerging NPS threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging drug trends in Japan: possible benefits of exercise, budo, and mindfulness as prevention strategies","authors":"H. Fujiwara","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>We explored the trend of emerging drug trends in Japan. Although the main problem of drug use is methamphetamine, legal drugs such as acetaminophen are growing as a cause. The characteristics of the Japanese, relatively obedient to the rules, but not always the case outside the scope of the law, would influence the current trends, that is, the decrease of the problems in 2016, but has been growing again afterward, like a “cat and mouse game.” Possible prevention strategies will be introduced from the perspectives of their comorbid features, such as depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the presenter proposes a possible non-medication intervention through mindfulness meditation, highlighting its potential commonality with Japanese martial arts based on personal experience. As a possible explanation for the connection between mindfulness and martial arts, our international online survey of interdisciplinary comparisons of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs) provides insight.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, a large cross-sectional sample of the adult population (N = 2,295) was surveyed. The use of IPEDs was assessed in conjunction with psychometric measures such as the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The logistic regression analysis revealed that scores equal to or above cut-off points, in both the EAI and AAI, predicted the IPEDs’ use. Regarding the differences across various sport disciplines, those who were involved in practicing endurance disciplines, such as weight lifting, were found to be more at risk of excessive exercising and more inclined to use a wide range of IPEDs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>On the other hand, budo was less risky in excessive exercise, appearance anxiety, and IPEDs use, with a tendency towards higher self-compassion, which is a critical focus in mindfulness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Veterinary Drugs – A New Trend in Laboratory Diagnostics of Acute Human Poisoning with New Psychoactive Substances in the Sverdlovsk Region","authors":"M. Gofenberg,&nbsp;A. Chekmarev,&nbsp;V. Shevyrin","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Animal sedatives are increasingly used by recreational drug users to achieve euphoria and obtain a prolonged sedative effect. The most commonly used substances in the world are those that act on opioid receptors and α2-adrenergic receptor agonists.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Screening chemical-toxicological examination of urine of patients with acute poisoning was performed using the gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Chemical and toxicological studies of urine from patients at the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for Acute Poisoning and the Regional Narcological Hospital revealed substances used in veterinary medicine, such as carfentanil, xylazine, and components of the combination drug: zolazepam and tiletamine. A review of three cases of acute poisoning with veterinary drugs is presented, including an assessment of the clinical picture and laboratory data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Veterinary drugs taken by humans for recreational purposes carry a potential risk of acute poisoning, including fatalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Off-Label Use of Semaglutide-Based Products: A Dual Analysis of Online Discourse and Scientific Literature","authors":"A. Carollo,&nbsp;S. Fong,&nbsp;L. Lazuras,&nbsp;O. Corazza,&nbsp;G. Esposito","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, are approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity treatment. However, their rising off-label use by healthy individuals for cosmetic weight loss raises public health and ethical concerns, including drug shortages for patients with medical needs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted two complementary studies. First, we analyzed 46,491 Reddit posts from Ozempic-related communities using BERTopic, a natural language processing approach for topic modeling. In parallel, we performed a document co-citation analysis on 1,932 scientific publications (and their 77,278 cited references) to map the dominant research domains related to semaglutide.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reddit discussions focused on off-label weight loss use, dosing practices, insurance challenges, side effect management, and personal weight loss journeys, with limited discussion of potential health risks. Scientific literature primarily addressed clinical outcomes like metabolic and cardiovascular effects and diabetes treatment, paying little attention to emerging off-label use patterns. Conclusion: Together, these two studies expose a significant gap between the focus of academic research and the lived experiences reflected in online discourse. They underscore the urgent need for greater scientific and public health engagement with the off-label, unsupervised use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their potential consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canadian Drug Notification System on New and Potentially Harmful Substances","authors":"M.-L. Gilbert,&nbsp;M. Boileau-Falardeau,&nbsp;M. Thibault,&nbsp;J. Dyck,&nbsp;C. Maurice-Gélinas,&nbsp;J. Pitre,&nbsp;B. Archambault","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In response to Canada’s overdose crisis, the Health Canada Drug Analysis Service (DAS) mandate was expanded to support intelligence gathering on illicit drugs. DAS is a unique data source since it is the only Canadian laboratory accredited to analyze drugs seized by all law enforcement agencies from 1988 to present. In 2024, DAS made the National Drug Notification System, identifying new and potentially harmful psychoactive substances, available online, thereby making this information available to the larger scientific community.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using DAS data, the system is articulated around operational definitions of new substance of concern, new mixture, and new form (i.e., stamp, shape, colour, powdery substance or tablets). An automated procedure generates a list of daily warnings that are validated by laboratory experts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2024, 79 drug notifications were shared with partners, through the system webpage and targeted communications. A total of 17 new psychoactive substances and new precursors were identified for the first time in Canada by DAS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The development and full implementation of the system took place over several years and is the most timely tool available to document emergence of new substances in Canada’s illicit drug market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update From Who on Public Health Responses to Psychoactive Substance use","authors":"Anja BUSSE","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Psychoactive substance use, including novel psychoactive substances (NPS), presents growing public health challenges. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) supports Member States with evidence-based, rights-oriented strategies to address these issues.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This presentation summarizes UNODC’s recent actions to strengthen prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and surveillance. It highlights key initiatives, updated guidance, and global partnerships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UNODC has advanced several key actions, including the development of normative guidance on prevention of substance use, treatment, and care for people with substance use disorders, and supported countries in accelerating public health action on substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>UNODC’s approach emphasizes scalable, inclusive, and evidence-based responses. The public health approach to psychoactive substance use focuses on health system strengthening, human rights, and evidence-based interventions. As the NPS landscape continues to shift, coordinated global action and sustained investment in public health infrastructure remain essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Individuals Using Novel Psychoactive Substances in Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"Y. Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are recognized as major risk factors for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly among individuals using novel psychoactive substances (NPS). This study aims to assess the prevalence and patterns of ACEs in a clinical sample of individuals with SUDs in Northern Kazakhstan, where NPS use is a growing concern and trauma-informed care remains underdeveloped.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study involved 67 participants (48 male, 19 female), aged 16–60, undergoing treatment for various forms of SUDs, including NPS use. Participants completed the standardized ACE questionnaire and provided demographic and clinical information. Statistical analysis (SPSS 26.0) was used to evaluate the prevalence and gender differences in ACEs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A high prevalence of ACEs was found among NPS users: 66.7% were raised in families with alcohol or drug misuse, 54.9% experienced physical abuse, and 47.1% reported emotional neglect. Women showed significantly higher ACE scores than men (p=0.001). Emotional abuse, domestic violence, and family substance use were particularly common among NPS users. Most participants had low education levels and lacked early psychological support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals a strong association between ACEs and NPS use among individuals with SUDs in Northern Kazakhstan. The findings underscore the need for implementing trauma-informed screening and intervention strategies in addiction services. Policy efforts should also address family-level prevention and early psychosocial support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}