Objective: To describe the tumor response and adverse events in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) treated with vandetanib at the National Cancer Institute in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Case series including five patients with advanced MTC treated with vandetanib from April 2011 to August 2018 and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results: 5 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 3 women. The mean age was 49 years. A total of 4 patients underwent total thyroidectomy prior to starting vandetanib. The main indication for vandetanib was progression of liver metastasis (4 patients). Regarding treatment response, 3 patients presented stable disease, 1 patient showed partial response, and 1 had disease progression. The mean treatment duration was 16.5 months. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in three patients, 1 with diarrhea, 1 with hypertension, and 1 with rash. All symptoms improved with dose reduction or temporary suspension of vandetanib. Conclusions: The management of advanced MTC with vandetanib allows for prolonged disease control (stable disease or partial response). Although adverse events are frequent, most are mild and severe cases are manageable.
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF ADVANCED MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA WITH VANDETANIB: CASE SERIES","authors":"Andrés Flórez R","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/103","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the tumor response and adverse events in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) treated with vandetanib at the National Cancer Institute in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Case series including five patients with advanced MTC treated with vandetanib from April 2011 to August 2018 and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results: 5 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 3 women. The mean age was 49 years. A total of 4 patients underwent total thyroidectomy prior to starting vandetanib. The main indication for vandetanib was progression of liver metastasis (4 patients). Regarding treatment response, 3 patients presented stable disease, 1 patient showed partial response, and 1 had disease progression. The mean treatment duration was 16.5 months. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in three patients, 1 with diarrhea, 1 with hypertension, and 1 with rash. All symptoms improved with dose reduction or temporary suspension of vandetanib. Conclusions: The management of advanced MTC with vandetanib allows for prolonged disease control (stable disease or partial response). Although adverse events are frequent, most are mild and severe cases are manageable.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48847470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) on testicular function is unclear. Objective: To clarify the effects of COVID-19 on male gonadal function. Methods: Pubmed search up to February 24, 2021. Search terms included COVID-19, testicles, testosterone, spermatogenesis, hypogonadism. Case reports, retrospective, prospective and autopsy studies are included. Results: Prevalence of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 having scrotal pain varies from 0-19%. Orchitis and/or epididymitis were demonstrated by scrotal ultrasound (US) in approximately 22-42% of men with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital and can be frequently asymptomatic. Circulating testosterone levels are reduced in men admitted with COVID-19 with concomitant elevation of luteinizing hormone (LH) suggesting testicular dysfunction. Men affected with COVID-19 exhibit abnormal semen parameters. Most, but not all, studies failed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in semen. Autopsy studies showed extensive damage of testicular tissues of men who died from severe COVID-19. Conclusion: COVID-19 negatively affects almost all aspects of male gonadal function. Physicians should evaluate testicular function during and after recovery from COVID-19 to preserve normal fertility.
{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 on testicular function","authors":"N. Mikhail","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/066","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) on testicular function is unclear. Objective: To clarify the effects of COVID-19 on male gonadal function. Methods: Pubmed search up to February 24, 2021. Search terms included COVID-19, testicles, testosterone, spermatogenesis, hypogonadism. Case reports, retrospective, prospective and autopsy studies are included. Results: Prevalence of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 having scrotal pain varies from 0-19%. Orchitis and/or epididymitis were demonstrated by scrotal ultrasound (US) in approximately 22-42% of men with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital and can be frequently asymptomatic. Circulating testosterone levels are reduced in men admitted with COVID-19 with concomitant elevation of luteinizing hormone (LH) suggesting testicular dysfunction. Men affected with COVID-19 exhibit abnormal semen parameters. Most, but not all, studies failed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in semen. Autopsy studies showed extensive damage of testicular tissues of men who died from severe COVID-19. Conclusion: COVID-19 negatively affects almost all aspects of male gonadal function. Physicians should evaluate testicular function during and after recovery from COVID-19 to preserve normal fertility.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46635278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To describe the tumor response and adverse events in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) treated with vandetanib at the National Cancer Institute in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Case series including five patients with advanced MTC treated with vandetanib from April 2011 to August 2018 and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results: 5 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 3 women. The mean age was 49 years. A total of 4 patients underwent total thyroidectomy prior to starting vandetanib. The main indication for vandetanib was progression of liver metastasis (4 patients). Regarding treatment response, 3 patients presented stable disease, 1 patient showed partial response, and 1 had disease progression. The mean treatment duration was 16.5 months. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in three patients, 1 with diarrhea, 1 with hypertension, and 1 with rash. All symptoms improved with dose reduction or temporary suspension of vandetanib. Conclusions: The management of advanced MTC with vandetanib allows for prolonged disease control (stable disease or partial response). Although adverse events are frequent, most are mild and severe cases are manageable.
{"title":"Management of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma with Vandetanib: Case Series","authors":"Andrés Flórez R","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/065","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the tumor response and adverse events in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) treated with vandetanib at the National Cancer Institute in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Case series including five patients with advanced MTC treated with vandetanib from April 2011 to August 2018 and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results: 5 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 3 women. The mean age was 49 years. A total of 4 patients underwent total thyroidectomy prior to starting vandetanib. The main indication for vandetanib was progression of liver metastasis (4 patients). Regarding treatment response, 3 patients presented stable disease, 1 patient showed partial response, and 1 had disease progression. The mean treatment duration was 16.5 months. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in three patients, 1 with diarrhea, 1 with hypertension, and 1 with rash. All symptoms improved with dose reduction or temporary suspension of vandetanib. Conclusions: The management of advanced MTC with vandetanib allows for prolonged disease control (stable disease or partial response). Although adverse events are frequent, most are mild and severe cases are manageable.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42833795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of kidney function occurring over few hours or days. In intensive care unit settings, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very prevalent condition as most of the patients who are admitted in intensive care units are critically ill. The incidence of acute kidney injury is increasing throughout the world mainly because of aging population and comorbidities which are associated with aging. In intensive care unit settings, the incidence of AKI may reach up to 67%. Though AKI effects depend on clinical situation yet associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of etiology of acute kidney injury in medical intensive care unit of KRL Hospital. Setting: Medical ICU, KRL Hospital, Islamabad. Duration: six months from 17th May 2017 to 17th November 2017. Study design: Descriptive case series. Material and method: In this study 118 patients were observed. After screening and application of exclusion criteria, a total of 118 patients who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected as the study sample and were included in the final analysis regarding prevalence of risk factors associated with AKI. AKI was further classified using acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification system. Patient age, gender, serum creatinine, etiology and outcome in form of recovery or mortality was recorded on specific proforma. Results: Overall incidence of AKI in ICU settings in this study was 37.8%(n=118) .Out of 118 patients who had AKI, 59.3%(n=70) were male , whereas 40.7% (n=48) were females. Most common risk factor associated with development of AKI was sepsis secondary to infectious illnesses and 39% (n=46) of the patients who developed AKI were suffering from infectious illnesses. Gastrointestinal, drugs and cardiac causes constitutes the 32.2% (n=38), 18.6% (n=22) and 10.2% (n=12) respectively of the AKI in ICU settings. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of etiology including infectious causes was 39%, cardiac pathology 10%, GI causes 32%, drugs was 19%.
{"title":"Etiology of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit settings","authors":"H. Mumtaz","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/059","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of kidney function occurring over few hours or days. In intensive care unit settings, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very prevalent condition as most of the patients who are admitted in intensive care units are critically ill. The incidence of acute kidney injury is increasing throughout the world mainly because of aging population and comorbidities which are associated with aging. In intensive care unit settings, the incidence of AKI may reach up to 67%. Though AKI effects depend on clinical situation yet associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of etiology of acute kidney injury in medical intensive care unit of KRL Hospital. Setting: Medical ICU, KRL Hospital, Islamabad. Duration: six months from 17th May 2017 to 17th November 2017. Study design: Descriptive case series. Material and method: In this study 118 patients were observed. After screening and application of exclusion criteria, a total of 118 patients who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected as the study sample and were included in the final analysis regarding prevalence of risk factors associated with AKI. AKI was further classified using acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification system. Patient age, gender, serum creatinine, etiology and outcome in form of recovery or mortality was recorded on specific proforma. Results: Overall incidence of AKI in ICU settings in this study was 37.8%(n=118) .Out of 118 patients who had AKI, 59.3%(n=70) were male , whereas 40.7% (n=48) were females. Most common risk factor associated with development of AKI was sepsis secondary to infectious illnesses and 39% (n=46) of the patients who developed AKI were suffering from infectious illnesses. Gastrointestinal, drugs and cardiac causes constitutes the 32.2% (n=38), 18.6% (n=22) and 10.2% (n=12) respectively of the AKI in ICU settings. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of etiology including infectious causes was 39%, cardiac pathology 10%, GI causes 32%, drugs was 19%.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43511238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of kidney function occurring over few hours or days. In intensive care unit settings, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very prevalent condition as most of the patients who are admitted in intensive care units are critically ill. The incidence of acute kidney injury is increasing throughout the world mainly because of aging population and co morbidities which are associated with aging. In intensive care unit settings, the incidence of AKI may reach up to 67%. Though AKI effects depend on clinical situation yet associated with high morbidity and mortality. The rationale of this study is that, as acute kidney is one of major factors contributing in mortality and morbidity of ICU patients, this study will be helpful in identifying important risk factor for development of acute kidney injury in ICU settings, leading to its early detection and thus decreasing associated morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of etiology and outcome of acute kidney injury in medical intensive care unit of KRL Hospital. Setting: Medical ICU, KRL Hospital, Islamabad. Duration: six months from 17th May 2017 to 17th November 2017. Study design: Descriptive case series. Material and method: In this study 118 patients were observed. After screening and application of exclusion criteria, a total of 118 patients who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected as the study sample and were included in the final analysis regarding prevalence of risk factors associated with AKI and the outcome associated with AKI. AKI was further classified using acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification system. Patient age, gender, serum creatinine, etiology and outcome in form of recovery or mortality was recorded. Results: Overall incidence of AKI in ICU settings in this study was 37.8% (n=118). Out of 118 patients who had AKI, 59.3% (n=70) were male, whereas 40.7% (n=48) were females. Most common risk factor associated with development of AKI was sepsis secondary to infectious illnesses and 39% (n=46) of the patients who developed AKI were suffering from infectious illnesses. Gastrointestinal, drugs and cardiac causes constitutes the 32.2 % (n=38), 18.6% (n=22) and 10.2% (n=12) respectively of the AKI in ICU settings. In terms of outcome, mortality rate in patients with AKI was significantly higher as compared to patients without AKI(P =<0.001) and 56.8%(n=67) of the patients who had AKI died during their ICU stay as compared to 30.4%(n=59) in patients without AKI. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of etiology including infectious causes was 39%, cardiac pathology 10%, GI causes 32%, drugs was 19% and mortality was 56.8% in patients with acute kidney injury.
{"title":"Etiology & Outcome of Acute kidney Injury in Intensive Care Unit Settings of a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"H. Mumtaz","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/058","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of kidney function occurring over few hours or days. In intensive care unit settings, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very prevalent condition as most of the patients who are admitted in intensive care units are critically ill. The incidence of acute kidney injury is increasing throughout the world mainly because of aging population and co morbidities which are associated with aging. In intensive care unit settings, the incidence of AKI may reach up to 67%. Though AKI effects depend on clinical situation yet associated with high morbidity and mortality. The rationale of this study is that, as acute kidney is one of major factors contributing in mortality and morbidity of ICU patients, this study will be helpful in identifying important risk factor for development of acute kidney injury in ICU settings, leading to its early detection and thus decreasing associated morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of etiology and outcome of acute kidney injury in medical intensive care unit of KRL Hospital. Setting: Medical ICU, KRL Hospital, Islamabad. Duration: six months from 17th May 2017 to 17th November 2017. Study design: Descriptive case series. Material and method: In this study 118 patients were observed. After screening and application of exclusion criteria, a total of 118 patients who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected as the study sample and were included in the final analysis regarding prevalence of risk factors associated with AKI and the outcome associated with AKI. AKI was further classified using acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification system. Patient age, gender, serum creatinine, etiology and outcome in form of recovery or mortality was recorded. Results: Overall incidence of AKI in ICU settings in this study was 37.8% (n=118). Out of 118 patients who had AKI, 59.3% (n=70) were male, whereas 40.7% (n=48) were females. Most common risk factor associated with development of AKI was sepsis secondary to infectious illnesses and 39% (n=46) of the patients who developed AKI were suffering from infectious illnesses. Gastrointestinal, drugs and cardiac causes constitutes the 32.2 % (n=38), 18.6% (n=22) and 10.2% (n=12) respectively of the AKI in ICU settings. In terms of outcome, mortality rate in patients with AKI was significantly higher as compared to patients without AKI(P =<0.001) and 56.8%(n=67) of the patients who had AKI died during their ICU stay as compared to 30.4%(n=59) in patients without AKI. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of etiology including infectious causes was 39%, cardiac pathology 10%, GI causes 32%, drugs was 19% and mortality was 56.8% in patients with acute kidney injury.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45371556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a very common complication of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of ED in diabetic patients, especially those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very high compared with their non-diabetic counterparts. There are few studies on ED and its correlation with testicular volume in eugonadal type 2 diabetics globally and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To access the prevalence and correlation of ED with testicular volume in T2DM patients attending the diabetes outpatient clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi in South-eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional prevalence study comprising 124 subjects with T2DM and 62 non diabetic controls. Data collection was done using a study protocol. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the International Index of Erectile function (IIEF) questionnaires were used for diagnosis of anxiety/depression and erectile dysfunction respectively. Testicular volumes for the study subjects were estimated using Prader-orchidometer. Serum total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were determined. Participants who had anxiety, depression or hypogonadism were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 58.29 ± 10.02 while that of the controls was 56.48 ± 10.58 (P = 0.255). 48.4% of the subjects had ED while 4.8% of the controls had erectile dysfunction (P < 0.001). Of the subjects that had ED, 26.7% had mild, 11.7% had moderate while 61.7% had severe erectile dysfunction. Severe ED was more associated with subjects (χ2= 7.230, P = 0.027). IIEF score has significant positive correlation with the mean testicular volume. Conclusion: Prevalence of ED in men with T2DM in Nigeria is high and there is a significant positive correlation between ED and testicular volume in this group of subjects.
{"title":"Erectile Dysfunction in a Cohort of Eugonodal Type 2 Diabetic Men Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility: Prevalence and Correlation with Testicular Volume","authors":"C. Ezeude","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a very common complication of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of ED in diabetic patients, especially those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very high compared with their non-diabetic counterparts. There are few studies on ED and its correlation with testicular volume in eugonadal type 2 diabetics globally and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To access the prevalence and correlation of ED with testicular volume in T2DM patients attending the diabetes outpatient clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi in South-eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional prevalence study comprising 124 subjects with T2DM and 62 non diabetic controls. Data collection was done using a study protocol. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the International Index of Erectile function (IIEF) questionnaires were used for diagnosis of anxiety/depression and erectile dysfunction respectively. Testicular volumes for the study subjects were estimated using Prader-orchidometer. Serum total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were determined. Participants who had anxiety, depression or hypogonadism were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 58.29 ± 10.02 while that of the controls was 56.48 ± 10.58 (P = 0.255). 48.4% of the subjects had ED while 4.8% of the controls had erectile dysfunction (P < 0.001). Of the subjects that had ED, 26.7% had mild, 11.7% had moderate while 61.7% had severe erectile dysfunction. Severe ED was more associated with subjects (χ2= 7.230, P = 0.027). IIEF score has significant positive correlation with the mean testicular volume. Conclusion: Prevalence of ED in men with T2DM in Nigeria is high and there is a significant positive correlation between ED and testicular volume in this group of subjects.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Evaluating the neutralization of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by sodium thiosulfate in vitro, in different concentrations, in the prevention of para-chloroaniline (PCA) formation when in contact with CHX. Material and methods: It were collected 2 mL of NaOCl solution to 2.5% and to 6%, divided in eight groups according to the sodium thiosulfate concentration (1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 10%) (TSF). The tests were done in duplicate and in each plate, it was poured 2mL of TFS and the reaction was observed for 5 minutes. After, 2 mL of 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) were pouring on the plates to verify the formation of PCA. The infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform was used to verify the presence of PCA, and, in each solution, the pH was verified with universal strip. Results: All analyzed samples presented presence of water and deuterium water, and there was not identification of the PCA presence. The pH result of the solutions was between 8 and 9. It was verified that in the increasing of the concentration of the TFS there was gradual formation of precipitated compound and increase of the turbidity of the final sample. Conclusion: TFS can be used as an intermediate irrigation solution to prevent the formation of para-chloroaniline in the combined use of NaOCl and CHX.
{"title":"The para-chloroaniline prevention after the use of sodium thiosulfate as an intermediary irrigator between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine","authors":"Marília P. Alves","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/051","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Evaluating the neutralization of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by sodium thiosulfate in vitro, in different concentrations, in the prevention of para-chloroaniline (PCA) formation when in contact with CHX. Material and methods: It were collected 2 mL of NaOCl solution to 2.5% and to 6%, divided in eight groups according to the sodium thiosulfate concentration (1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 10%) (TSF). The tests were done in duplicate and in each plate, it was poured 2mL of TFS and the reaction was observed for 5 minutes. After, 2 mL of 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) were pouring on the plates to verify the formation of PCA. The infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform was used to verify the presence of PCA, and, in each solution, the pH was verified with universal strip. Results: All analyzed samples presented presence of water and deuterium water, and there was not identification of the PCA presence. The pH result of the solutions was between 8 and 9. It was verified that in the increasing of the concentration of the TFS there was gradual formation of precipitated compound and increase of the turbidity of the final sample. Conclusion: TFS can be used as an intermediate irrigation solution to prevent the formation of para-chloroaniline in the combined use of NaOCl and CHX.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is a very rare entity. The prognosis is very poor with a short survival time. The aim of this article is to report a case of a SCC of the thyroid gland in a 68-year-old woman, emphasizing how complicate is the operation and the adequate treatment of this disease. Case Report: A 68-year -old woman presented with rapidly growing neck mass with hoarseness and compressive symptoms. Physical examination revealed a hard fixed tumor with right sided vocal cord palsy. Histopathological result confirmed the diagnosis of SCC of the thyroid. PET/CT scan excluded the possibility of other primary malignancies. A surgical intervention was performed, however the patient died in the middle of the palliative radiation therapy. Conclusion: SCC of the thyroid gland is a great challenge for the surgeon and also for the multidisciplinary team to come up with the best treatment option which is suitable for the patient due to its unfavorable prognosis.
{"title":"Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid-case report of a rare disease","authors":"Lévay Bernadett","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/057","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is a very rare entity. The prognosis is very poor with a short survival time. The aim of this article is to report a case of a SCC of the thyroid gland in a 68-year-old woman, emphasizing how complicate is the operation and the adequate treatment of this disease. Case Report: A 68-year -old woman presented with rapidly growing neck mass with hoarseness and compressive symptoms. Physical examination revealed a hard fixed tumor with right sided vocal cord palsy. Histopathological result confirmed the diagnosis of SCC of the thyroid. PET/CT scan excluded the possibility of other primary malignancies. A surgical intervention was performed, however the patient died in the middle of the palliative radiation therapy. Conclusion: SCC of the thyroid gland is a great challenge for the surgeon and also for the multidisciplinary team to come up with the best treatment option which is suitable for the patient due to its unfavorable prognosis.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microorganisms that infect the root canals system are the main etiologic factor of the periapical pathologies. Some microorganisms are resistant to the antimicrobial treatment and may survive in the root canal after the chemical mechanical preparation and intra-canal medication, characterizing a persistent infection. In cases of failure of the endodontic treatment, a new approach may be done using additional measures that involve this infectious process control through the elimination or maximum reduction of microorganisms. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different formulations of intra-canal medication compared to strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in Petri plates. It was used diffusion test in agar where each Petri plate with the inoculated bacteria presented 5 wells that were filled with each medication. The diameters of the bacterial inhibition zones were measured and registered to each tested medication at the period of 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks. All the medications promoted inhibition halos; however, a higher elimination of micro-organisms can be significantly achieved through the association of different substances in the formulation of an intra-canal medication, with emphasis to HPG and Ca(OH)2 + CHX.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the antimicrobial potential of different intra-canal medication to microorganisms present in the failure of the endodontic therapy: In vitro study","authors":"Marília P. Alves","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/052","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms that infect the root canals system are the main etiologic factor of the periapical pathologies. Some microorganisms are resistant to the antimicrobial treatment and may survive in the root canal after the chemical mechanical preparation and intra-canal medication, characterizing a persistent infection. In cases of failure of the endodontic treatment, a new approach may be done using additional measures that involve this infectious process control through the elimination or maximum reduction of microorganisms. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different formulations of intra-canal medication compared to strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in Petri plates. It was used diffusion test in agar where each Petri plate with the inoculated bacteria presented 5 wells that were filled with each medication. The diameters of the bacterial inhibition zones were measured and registered to each tested medication at the period of 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks. All the medications promoted inhibition halos; however, a higher elimination of micro-organisms can be significantly achieved through the association of different substances in the formulation of an intra-canal medication, with emphasis to HPG and Ca(OH)2 + CHX.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70017710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional medicine is based on the Germ Theory. Alternative/complementary forms of therapy include acupuncture, aromatherapy, chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy, osteopathy, reflexology, ayurvedic and reiki.
{"title":"Introducing S.A.M.S","authors":"S. Ayoade","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/042","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional medicine is based on the Germ Theory. Alternative/complementary forms of therapy include acupuncture, aromatherapy, chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy, osteopathy, reflexology, ayurvedic and reiki.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43877033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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