Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale最新文献

英文中文

Screening of Binge Eating in a community mental health service 社区精神卫生服务机构暴食症的筛查

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00001196

A. Pieró, Enrica Locati, Francesco Zirilli

EDNOS (Eating disorder not otherwise specified) accounts for three quarters of all community cases with eating disorders (Bulik et al., 2007). Among EDNOS, the most common (Hudson et al., 2007) is Binge Eating Disorder (BED). BED is a good diagnostic construct and a stable condition, associated with elevated psychiatric comorbidity and impairment in psychosocial functioning (Pope et al., 2006). The few available epidemiological studies in Italy suggest a lifetime prevalence of 0.64% for EDNOS (Favarelli et al., 2006), whereas in other samples lifetime estimated prevalences of sub-threshold BED and any binge eating are 0.72%, and 2.15% respectively (Preti et al., 2009). The comorbidity of BED and other psychiatric diagnoses is high: overall, 73.8% of patients with BED have one additional lifetime psychiatric disorder and 43.1% have at least one current psychiatric disorder (Javaras et al., 2008). Though often associated with obesity, BED should be considered a separate condition (Hudson et al., 2007). This disorder often goes undetected and untreated both in primary care and general psychiatric services (StriegelMoore et al., 2010). Mond et al. (2007) have shown that only a small percentage of subjects with BED (22.8%) receive a specific treatment for eating problems in primary care setting. In MHS, time constraints usually prevent clinicians from administering clinical interviews intended for EDs diagnosis. The utility of questionnaires as a screening for BED seem clear (Freitas et al., 2006). Among available tools, one of the most used and validated is the Binge Eating Scale questionnaire (Gormally et al., 1982). The main assumptions of this study were

EDNOS(饮食失调症)占所有社区饮食失调病例的四分之三(Bulik et al.， 2007)。在EDNOS中，最常见的(Hudson et al.， 2007)是暴食症(BED)。BED是一种很好的诊断结构，也是一种稳定的疾病，与精神合并症的升高和社会心理功能的损害有关(Pope et al.， 2006)。意大利现有的少数流行病学研究表明，EDNOS的终生患病率为0.64% (Favarelli等人，2006年)，而在其他样本中，亚阈值BED和任何暴食的终生估计患病率分别为0.72%和2.15% (Preti等人，2009年)。BED与其他精神疾病诊断的合并症很高:总体而言，73.8%的BED患者一生中额外患有一种精神疾病，43.1%的患者目前至少患有一种精神疾病(Javaras et al.， 2008)。虽然通常与肥胖有关，但BED应该被视为一种单独的疾病(Hudson et al.， 2007)。在初级保健和普通精神科服务中，这种疾病往往未被发现和治疗(StriegelMoore等人，2010)。Mond等人(2007)的研究表明，只有一小部分BED患者(22.8%)在初级保健机构接受了针对饮食问题的特殊治疗。在MHS中，时间限制通常会阻止临床医生进行用于EDs诊断的临床访谈。问卷作为筛查BED的工具似乎是显而易见的(Freitas et al.， 2006)。在可用的工具中，最常用和最有效的工具之一是暴食量表问卷(Gormally et al.， 1982)。本研究的主要假设是

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引用次数: 0

The many lives of an (associate) editor 一个(副)编辑的多重生活

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X0000110X

C. Pariante

Abstract The role of editor of a journal attracts the vision of a scholar isolated in an ivory tower selecting “la crème” of the submitted papers, with no other preoccupations that the scientific rigour. This, is of course, only one of the many roles – or, as this editorial calls them, lives – of an editor. The essential skills are many and more complex, and an editor will encounter many problems that are related to such diverse issues as anticipating scientific trends, investigating misbehaviours, settling ethical disputes, and interfacing with the lay press. It is exciting and rewarding, and never predictable.

期刊编辑的角色吸引了一个被隔离在象牙塔里的学者的目光，从提交的论文中选择“la cr”，除了科学的严谨性之外，没有其他的关注。当然，这只是编辑的众多角色之一——或者，就像这篇社论所说的那样，是生命。编辑的基本技能很多，也更复杂，编辑会遇到许多问题，这些问题与各种各样的问题有关，比如预测科学趋势、调查不当行为、解决道德纠纷、与外行媒体打交道。这是令人兴奋和有益的，而且永远无法预测。

引用次数: 3

Authors are not criminals and editors should not be policemen 作者不是罪犯，编辑也不应该是警察

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00001081

P. Jørgensen

Abstract Authors are a necessary and most appreciated basis for the publishing of any scientific journal. They should be welcomed for their creativity, originality and productivity, not stigmatized in general as cheaters and criminals because a very few were tempted beyond their control to cut the slices a bit too thin, overdo the utilization of leftover data, listed too many authors to a paper, forgot to report a harmless study to an ethical committee, or in very few cases commit severe actions of fraud. The managerial way of thinking, meeting every author with systems of control and limitations is like poison to creative minds. Instead of appointing editors as policemen, we may preferably meet the vast majority of classical scholarly working scientists with trust, confidence and support, facilitating the process of disseminating the results from their creative minds – and of course consequently show the deliberately cheating researchers the door when they act unfaithfully to the scientific society.

作者是任何科学期刊出版的必要和最受赞赏的基础。他们应该因为他们的创造力、原创性和生产力而受到欢迎，而不是因为极少数人受到诱惑，超出了他们的控制，把切片切得太薄，过度利用剩余的数据，在一篇论文中列出太多的作者，忘记向伦理委员会报告无害的研究，或者在极少数情况下犯下严重的欺诈行为，而被普遍地污名为骗子和罪犯。管理式的思维方式，用控制和限制系统来对付每一个作者，就像毒药一样毒害了创造性的头脑。与其把编辑任命为警察，我们不如用信任、信心和支持来迎接绝大多数从事学术工作的经典科学家，促进他们创造性思维成果的传播过程——当然，这样一来，当那些故意作弊的研究人员对科学社会不忠实时，我们就会把他们拒之门外。

引用次数: 5

Parental bonding and eating psychopathology in bulimia nervosa: personality traits as possible mediators 神经性贪食症的父母关系与饮食精神病理:人格特质可能的中介作用

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00001147

S. Fassino, F. Amianto, Giuseppe Rocca, G. Daga

SUMMARY Aims – The relationship between eating disorders, attachment, personality traits and eating psychopathology remains unexplored. This study tested the mediating role of temperament and character between parental bonding and psy-chopathology in bulimic women. Methods – 154 bulimic subjects and 154 healthy controls were compared using Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Multiple regression analysis tested the mediation of personality traits between parenting and eating psy-chopathology. Results – Bulimic subjects displayed low maternal and paternal care and low self-directedness, and high novelty seeking and eating psychopathology. Maternal care was negatively related to social insecurity, inadequacy and impulsiveness. Paternal care predicted novelty seeking, self-directedness, interoceptive awareness, impulsiveness, and asceticism. The mediation effect of self-directedness between paternal care and psychopathology was significant, not the one of novelty seeking. Conclusions – Parental care is lower in bulimic than in control women even when controlled for possible confounding variables. Some eating psychopathology traits are related to maternal and paternal care, but not the bulimia subscale. Paternal care is also related to temperament and character traits which are related to eating psychopathology. Self-directedness mediates with different degrees between parenting and eating psychopathology. Clinical implications are discussed. Declaration of Interest: The first author received financing from Compagnia di San Paolo Foundation for the research on eating disorders (3989 IT/FA 2005.1797). The National Eating Disorder Association (NEDA) awarded a Charron Family Grant to the second author to sustain research about the families of subjects affected by eating disorders. The third author received a grant from “Regione Piemonte” for research on Eating Disorders for the years 2008 and 2009. The authors have not received any other financing for the present research, including pharmaceutical company support or any honoraria for consultancies for interventions during the last two years. The authors are not involved in any conflict of interest in connection to the submitted article.

目的:饮食失调、依恋、人格特质和饮食精神病理之间的关系仍未被探索。本研究考察了性情和性格在父母关系与暴食症女性心理病理之间的中介作用。方法对154名暴食症患者和154名健康对照者采用亲本结合量表(PBI)、气质与性格量表(TCI)、饮食失调量表-2 (edi2)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI)进行比较。多元回归分析检验了人格特质在养育子女与饮食心理病理之间的中介作用。结果:暴食症患者表现为低父母关怀和低自我导向，高新奇追求和饮食精神病理。产妇护理与社会不安全感、不充分性和冲动性呈负相关。父系关怀预测新奇寻求、自我导向、内感受性意识、冲动和禁欲主义。自我导向在父亲关怀与精神病理之间的中介作用显著，而新奇追求的中介作用不显著。结论:即使控制了可能的混杂变量，暴食症妇女的亲代照顾也比对照组妇女低。一些饮食心理病理特征与母亲和父亲的照顾有关，但与贪食症亚量表无关。父权关怀还与气质和性格特征有关，而气质和性格特征又与饮食精神病理有关。自我导向在养育子女和饮食心理病理之间有不同程度的中介作用。讨论了临床意义。利益声明:第一作者获得Compagnia di San Paolo基金会资助，用于饮食失调的研究(3989 IT/FA 2005.1797)。国家饮食失调协会(NEDA)向第二作者颁发了Charron家庭补助金，以支持对受饮食失调影响的受试者家庭的研究。第三位作者在2008年和2009年获得了“皮埃蒙特地区”关于饮食失调研究的资助。作者没有收到本研究的任何其他资助，包括制药公司的支持或在过去两年中为干预提供咨询的任何酬金。作者不涉及与所提交文章相关的任何利益冲突。

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引用次数: 35

EPS volume 19 issue 3 Back matter EPS第19卷第3期封底

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00001068

引用次数: 0

Do financial incentives increase treatment adherence in people with severe mental illness? A systematic review. 经济激励能提高严重精神疾病患者的治疗依从性吗?系统回顾。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-07-01

Alexandra Burton, Stamatina Marougka, Stefan Priebe

Aim: To identify whether financial or material incentives improve treatment adherence in people with severe mental illness.

Method: A systematic review of studies published between 1950 and 2008 was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE, EBM, AMED and PsycINFO were searched. Studies were included if a financial or material incentive was offered and if the sample had a severe mental illness.

Results: Fourteen articles were identified; three studies on adherence to psychiatric treatment and one on physical exercise. Ten articles used incentives for adherence to substance misuse treatment programmes. In all studies, financial incentives were associated with an increase in adherence; however the effect was not always maintained once the incentive was withdrawn.

Conclusion: While existing research suggests that financial incentives may improve treatment adherence in severely mentally ill populations, very few studies focus on psychiatric treatment. Further research may address the long term effectiveness of incentives on adherence in this population.

目的:确定经济或物质激励是否能提高严重精神疾病患者的治疗依从性。方法:对1950年至2008年间发表的研究进行系统回顾。检索EMBASE、MEDLINE、EBM、AMED和PsycINFO。如果提供了经济或物质激励，并且样本患有严重的精神疾病，则研究被纳入其中。结果:共鉴定出14篇;三个关于坚持精神治疗的研究一个关于体育锻炼。10篇文章采用奖励措施鼓励遵守药物滥用治疗方案。在所有的研究中，财政激励与依从性的增加有关;然而，一旦奖励被取消，这种效果并不总是保持不变。结论:虽然现有的研究表明，经济激励可能会提高严重精神疾病人群的治疗依从性，但很少有研究关注精神疾病治疗。进一步的研究可能会解决在这一人群中激励依从性的长期有效性。

引用次数: 0

The process of producing a "NICE" guideline. 制定“NICE”指南的过程。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-07-01

David Goldberg

This paper describes the process of preparing a Clinical Guideline for "NICE", the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom. The procedure involves the group appointed to prepare the guideline relating to the various "stakeholders" who have an interest on the one hand, and satisfying the fairly demanding standards set by NICE on the other. The strengths and limitations of the approach based on evidence based medicine are discussed.

本文描述了为“NICE”(英国国家健康与临床卓越研究所)准备临床指南的过程。这个过程包括指定一个小组来准备与各种“利益相关者”有关的指导方针，这些利益相关者一方面有自己的利益，另一方面要满足NICE设定的相当苛刻的标准。讨论了循证医学方法的优势和局限性。

引用次数: 0

Parental bonding and eating psychopathology in bulimia nervosa: personality traits as possible mediators. 神经性贪食症的父母关系与饮食精神病理:人格特质可能的中介作用。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-07-01

Secondo Fassino, Federico Amianto, Giuseppe Rocca, Giovanni Abbate Daga

Aims: The relationship between eating disorders, attachment, personality traits and eating psychopathology remains unexplored. This study tested the mediating role of temperament and character between parental bonding and psychopathology in bulimic women.

Methods: 154 bulimic subjects and 154 healthy controls were compared using Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Multiple regression analysis tested the mediation of personality traits between parenting and eating psychopathology.

Results: Bulimic subjects displayed low maternal and paternal care and low self-directedness, and high novelty seeking and eating psychopathology. Maternal care was negatively related to social insecurity, inadequacy and impulsiveness. Paternal care predicted novelty seeking, self-directedness, interoceptive awareness, impulsiveness, and asceticism. The mediation effect of self-directedness between paternal care and psychopathology was significant, not the one of novelty seeking.

Conclusions: Parental care is lower in bulimic than in control women even when controlled for possible confounding variables. Some eating psychopathology traits are related to maternal and paternal care, but not the bulimia subscale. Paternal care is also related to temperament and character traits which are related to eating psychopathology. Self-directedness mediates with different degrees between parenting and eating psychopathology. Clinical implications are discussed.

目的:饮食失调、依恋、人格特质与饮食精神病理之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究考察了性情和性格在父母关系与暴食症女性精神病理之间的中介作用。方法:采用亲代亲密量表(PBI)、气质与性格量表(TCI)、饮食失调量表-2 (edi2)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI)对154名暴食症患者和154名健康对照进行比较。多元回归分析检验了人格特质在养育子女与饮食精神病理之间的中介作用。结果:暴食症被试表现为低父母关怀和低自我导向，高新奇追求和饮食精神病理。产妇护理与社会不安全感、不充分性和冲动性呈负相关。父系关怀预测新奇寻求、自我导向、内感受性意识、冲动和禁欲主义。自我导向在父亲关怀与精神病理之间的中介作用显著，而新奇追求的中介作用不显著。结论:即使控制了可能的混杂变量，暴食症妇女的亲代照顾也比对照组妇女低。一些饮食心理病理特征与母亲和父亲的照顾有关，但与贪食症亚量表无关。父权关怀还与气质和性格特征有关，而气质和性格特征又与饮食精神病理有关。自我导向在养育子女和饮食心理病理之间有不同程度的中介作用。讨论了临床意义。

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引用次数: 0

World Psychiatry and the WPA task force to promote dissemination of psychiatric research conducted in low and middle income countries 世界精神病学和世界精神病学协会促进传播在低收入和中等收入国家进行的精神病学研究的工作队

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00001111

M. Maj

Abstract. World Psychiatry, the official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), is now published in five languages (English, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French) and reaches more than 33,000 psychiatrists in 121 countries. It received recently its first impact factor, 3.896. The publication of the journal has two objectives. The first is to reach as many psychiatrists of the various countries of the world as possible, disseminating information on recent significant clinical, service and research developments in a language that can be assimilated by the vast majority of them. The second is to give voice to psychiatrists of all regions of the world, encouraging submission of research papers, commentaries and reports on innovative service modalities. Related to this second objective has been the establishment by the WPA of a task force aiming to promote dissemination of psychiatric research conducted in low and middle income countries. Among the objectives of this task force is to advise and support the editors of high quality journals produced in those countries in their efforts to achieve indexation. Declaration of Interest: None.

摘要《世界精神病学》是世界精神病学协会(WPA)的官方期刊，现在以五种语言(英语、西班牙语、中文、俄语和法语)出版，覆盖121个国家的3.3万多名精神科医生。它最近获得了第一个影响因子，3.896。期刊的出版有两个目的。第一个目标是与世界各国尽可能多的精神科医生取得联系，用一种绝大多数人都能接受的语言传播有关最近重要的临床、服务和研究进展的信息。二是为世界各地的精神科医生发声，鼓励提交关于创新服务模式的研究论文、评论和报告。与第二个目标相关的是，世界精神病学协会成立了一个工作队，旨在促进在低收入和中等收入国家进行的精神病学研究的传播。该工作队的目标之一是向在这些国家生产的高质量期刊的编辑提供咨询和支持，帮助他们努力实现索引。利益声明:无。

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引用次数: 3

World Psychiatry and the WPA task force to promote dissemination of psychiatric research conducted in low and middle income countries. 世界精神病学和世界精神病学协会促进传播在低收入和中等收入国家进行的精神病学研究的工作队。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale

Pub Date : 2010-07-01

Mario Maj

World Psychiatry, the official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), is now published in five languages (English, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French) and reaches more than 33,000 psychiatrists in 121 countries. It received recently its first impact factor, 3.896. The publication of the journal has two objectives. The first is to reach as many psychiatrists of the various countries of the world as possible, disseminating information on recent significant clinical, service and research developments in a language that can be assimilated by the vast majority of them. The second is to give voice to psychiatrists of all regions of the world, encouraging submission of research papers, commentaries and reports on innovative service modalities. Related to this second objective has been the establishment by the WPA of a task force aiming to promote dissemination of psychiatric research conducted in low and middle income countries. Among the objectives of this task force is to advise and support the editors of high quality journals produced in those countries in their efforts to achieve indexation.

《世界精神病学》是世界精神病学协会(WPA)的官方期刊，现在以五种语言(英语、西班牙语、中文、俄语和法语)出版，覆盖121个国家的3.3万多名精神科医生。它最近获得了第一个影响因子，3.896。期刊的出版有两个目的。第一个目标是与世界各国尽可能多的精神科医生取得联系，用一种绝大多数人都能接受的语言传播有关最近重要的临床、服务和研究进展的信息。二是为世界各地的精神科医生发声，鼓励提交关于创新服务模式的研究论文、评论和报告。与第二个目标相关的是，世界精神病学协会成立了一个工作队，旨在促进在低收入和中等收入国家进行的精神病学研究的传播。该工作队的目标之一是向在这些国家生产的高质量期刊的编辑提供咨询和支持，帮助他们努力实现索引。

引用次数: 0

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