Using the random forest classification technique, this study explored the role of different factors such as demography, pedestrian and drivers’ conditions, collision characteristics, road characteristics, and weather in predicting pedestrian injury severity from automobile-related collisions in Toronto. Spatial information was incorporated in the models to capture spatial autocorrelation. The results revealed the importance of spatial information in predicting pedestrian injury severity. Other important predictors of pedestrian injury severity include aggressive driving, driver’s conditions (e.g., inattentive, slowly stopping, driving properly, failing to yield right of way), pedestrian conditions (e.g., normal, inattentive) and dark lighting conditions.
{"title":"Exploring Pedestrian Injury Severity by Incorporating Spatial Information in Machine Learning","authors":"Shaila Jamal, K. Bruce Newbold, Darren Scott","doi":"10.32866/001c.89416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.89416","url":null,"abstract":"Using the random forest classification technique, this study explored the role of different factors such as demography, pedestrian and drivers’ conditions, collision characteristics, road characteristics, and weather in predicting pedestrian injury severity from automobile-related collisions in Toronto. Spatial information was incorporated in the models to capture spatial autocorrelation. The results revealed the importance of spatial information in predicting pedestrian injury severity. Other important predictors of pedestrian injury severity include aggressive driving, driver’s conditions (e.g., inattentive, slowly stopping, driving properly, failing to yield right of way), pedestrian conditions (e.g., normal, inattentive) and dark lighting conditions.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":"33 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines walk distances across the United States by time of day and year, using data from the National Household Travel Survey 2016/2017, to understand factors contributing to higher pedestrian deaths at night across various states. Hurdle regression predict daily walk-miles traveled (WMT) and nighttime WMT to show how decision to walk and distances walked on each survey day and night vary significantly with demographic attributes, time of year, latitude, state of residence, and other factors. Longer daylight hours and more nighttime walking do not appear to be the reasons for some states’ much higher pedestrian fatality rates.
{"title":"Darkness and Death in the U.S.: Walking Distances Across the Nation by Time of Day and Time of Year","authors":"Maithreyi Vellimana, Kara Kockelman","doi":"10.32866/001c.89418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.89418","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines walk distances across the United States by time of day and year, using data from the National Household Travel Survey 2016/2017, to understand factors contributing to higher pedestrian deaths at night across various states. Hurdle regression predict daily walk-miles traveled (WMT) and nighttime WMT to show how decision to walk and distances walked on each survey day and night vary significantly with demographic attributes, time of year, latitude, state of residence, and other factors. Longer daylight hours and more nighttime walking do not appear to be the reasons for some states’ much higher pedestrian fatality rates.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":"33 32","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique Santiago-Iglesias, Jan Dirk Schmöcker, Jose Carpio-Pinedo, Juan Carlos García-Palomares, Wenzhe Sun
We explore how different socioeconomic groups adapt to the snowstorm Filomena that occurred in Madrid in 2021. A reverse interpretation of the resilience triangle is proposed, where smaller triangle areas indicate less resilient populations continuing to travel despite disruptions, while larger demand losses indicate greater adaptability. Using Google Popular Times data, the study measures activity levels in neighborhoods, focusing on essential and non-essential trips. Vulnerable groups with lower incomes show limited adaptability, resulting in a smaller reduction in commercial activities compared to affluent neighborhoods. The study emphasizes the significance of considering demand adaptability and socioeconomic factors in assessing resilience.
{"title":"Activity Reduction as Resilience Indicator: Evidence with Filomena Data","authors":"Enrique Santiago-Iglesias, Jan Dirk Schmöcker, Jose Carpio-Pinedo, Juan Carlos García-Palomares, Wenzhe Sun","doi":"10.32866/001c.88980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.88980","url":null,"abstract":"We explore how different socioeconomic groups adapt to the snowstorm Filomena that occurred in Madrid in 2021. A reverse interpretation of the resilience triangle is proposed, where smaller triangle areas indicate less resilient populations continuing to travel despite disruptions, while larger demand losses indicate greater adaptability. Using Google Popular Times data, the study measures activity levels in neighborhoods, focusing on essential and non-essential trips. Vulnerable groups with lower incomes show limited adaptability, resulting in a smaller reduction in commercial activities compared to affluent neighborhoods. The study emphasizes the significance of considering demand adaptability and socioeconomic factors in assessing resilience.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is considered a greener food shopping option, we hypothesized that users would adopt other sustainability-oriented behaviors. We sought, through 16 qualitative interviews with users, to understand whether CSA use in Montreal, Canada was accompanied by more ecological, non-motorized travel behavior. We find that urban users are typically able to subscribe to a nearby drop-off point and that many of them use non-motorized modes to access their weekly baskets. However, because of the weight of large produce baskets and the set time periods for collection, basket pick-ups by new Covid-19 era users are often part of car-based trip chains.
{"title":"The Lifestyle and Mobility Connection of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Users","authors":"Nathalie Nahas, Ugo Lachapelle","doi":"10.32866/001c.89069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.89069","url":null,"abstract":"Because Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is considered a greener food shopping option, we hypothesized that users would adopt other sustainability-oriented behaviors. We sought, through 16 qualitative interviews with users, to understand whether CSA use in Montreal, Canada was accompanied by more ecological, non-motorized travel behavior. We find that urban users are typically able to subscribe to a nearby drop-off point and that many of them use non-motorized modes to access their weekly baskets. However, because of the weight of large produce baskets and the set time periods for collection, basket pick-ups by new Covid-19 era users are often part of car-based trip chains.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nawaf Nazir, Vincent Bruscas, Yury Dvorkin, Jeffrey Lidicker, Steven Polunsky, Philip Pugliese, William Tonis, Bolun Xu, Michael Kintner-Meyer
This paper synthesizes insights from a workshop on fleet electrification at the 2023 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, which included participants from transit agencies, national labs, industry, government and academia. Participants identified barriers to fleet electrification including lack of knowledge on fleet electrification, high utility demand charges, lack of charging infrastructure, delays in grid infrastructure upgrades and high up-front costs. To overcome these challenges, panelists emphasized partnering with OEMs and utilities, and having flexible charging infrastructure with software support tools. Finally, participants identified opportunities for integrating with electricity markets on peak demand management, time-of-use charging, participation in wholesale markets, and various vehicle-to-grid solutions. Based on these findings, we propose specific steps that various stakeholders like fleet operators, utilities and regulatory authorities could take.
{"title":"Transit Fleet Electrification Barriers, Resolutions and Costs","authors":"Nawaf Nazir, Vincent Bruscas, Yury Dvorkin, Jeffrey Lidicker, Steven Polunsky, Philip Pugliese, William Tonis, Bolun Xu, Michael Kintner-Meyer","doi":"10.32866/001c.87942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.87942","url":null,"abstract":"This paper synthesizes insights from a workshop on fleet electrification at the 2023 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, which included participants from transit agencies, national labs, industry, government and academia. Participants identified barriers to fleet electrification including lack of knowledge on fleet electrification, high utility demand charges, lack of charging infrastructure, delays in grid infrastructure upgrades and high up-front costs. To overcome these challenges, panelists emphasized partnering with OEMs and utilities, and having flexible charging infrastructure with software support tools. Finally, participants identified opportunities for integrating with electricity markets on peak demand management, time-of-use charging, participation in wholesale markets, and various vehicle-to-grid solutions. Based on these findings, we propose specific steps that various stakeholders like fleet operators, utilities and regulatory authorities could take.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136252937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We explore whether policies to promote electric vehicles (EVs) impede efforts to reduce vehicle travel. We hypothesize that the presence of EV chargers reduces respondents’ willingness to support (i) the removal of on-street parking to make space for bicycle lanes, and (ii) infill development on surface parking lots. We also hypothesize that the availability of EVs reduces public support for broader vehicle travel reduction policies. Using a randomized survey-based experiment, we find no evidence to support any of these hypotheses.
{"title":"Electric Vehicle Charging and Car Dependency","authors":"Adam Millard-Ball, Natasha Timmons","doi":"10.32866/001c.88247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.88247","url":null,"abstract":"We explore whether policies to promote electric vehicles (EVs) impede efforts to reduce vehicle travel. We hypothesize that the presence of EV chargers reduces respondents’ willingness to support (i) the removal of on-street parking to make space for bicycle lanes, and (ii) infill development on surface parking lots. We also hypothesize that the availability of EVs reduces public support for broader vehicle travel reduction policies. Using a randomized survey-based experiment, we find no evidence to support any of these hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Acosta-Sequeda, Hevar Palani, Ali Movahedi, Aslihan Karatas, Sybil Derrible
In this study, the correlation between emerging electricity consumption patterns in the Chicago area and commute times to work by mode are explored. We found that when aggregating similar daily electricity consumption curves, areas sharing similar electricity patterns are geographically closer to each other and located in regions that are strictly urban or suburban. Furthermore, we modelled these clusters in terms of commute times to work by mode. The findings suggest that morning electricity consumption differs significantly among clusters and that it is caused primarily by long duration public transport trips.
{"title":"Residential Electricity Consumption Patterns and their Relationship to Commute Times by Mode","authors":"Juan Acosta-Sequeda, Hevar Palani, Ali Movahedi, Aslihan Karatas, Sybil Derrible","doi":"10.32866/001c.87940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.87940","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the correlation between emerging electricity consumption patterns in the Chicago area and commute times to work by mode are explored. We found that when aggregating similar daily electricity consumption curves, areas sharing similar electricity patterns are geographically closer to each other and located in regions that are strictly urban or suburban. Furthermore, we modelled these clusters in terms of commute times to work by mode. The findings suggest that morning electricity consumption differs significantly among clusters and that it is caused primarily by long duration public transport trips.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxia Dong, J. S. Wu, Elizabeth A. Walshe, F. Winston, Megan S. Ryerson
It remains unclear whether teens living in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status and poorer access to driver training (i.e., Driver Training Deserts) have lower probabilities of taking training (DT) and securing a young driver’s license. Using a teen driver dataset in the Columbus, OH MSA, we found teens residing in DTDs have on average 25% lower probabilities of DT and licensure than teens in non-DTDs. There is spatial clustering of the probabilities of DT and licensure. Our findings are helping to inform the distribution of a scholarship program in Ohio that aims to improve access to DT for lower-income teens.
{"title":"Residing in a Driver Training Desert leads to Delayed Licensure: Investigating the Relationship between Accessibility to Driver Training and Young Driver’s Licensure","authors":"Xiaoxia Dong, J. S. Wu, Elizabeth A. Walshe, F. Winston, Megan S. Ryerson","doi":"10.32866/001c.85096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.85096","url":null,"abstract":"It remains unclear whether teens living in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status and poorer access to driver training (i.e., Driver Training Deserts) have lower probabilities of taking training (DT) and securing a young driver’s license. Using a teen driver dataset in the Columbus, OH MSA, we found teens residing in DTDs have on average 25% lower probabilities of DT and licensure than teens in non-DTDs. There is spatial clustering of the probabilities of DT and licensure. Our findings are helping to inform the distribution of a scholarship program in Ohio that aims to improve access to DT for lower-income teens.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45260761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the German 9-Euro-Ticket from summer 2022 as a socio-technical experiment. Based on a systematic literature review of evaluations and accompanying research, three categories of learning processes are distinguished. The results suggest that the 9-Euro-Ticket enabled technological, social and institutional learning. Thus, the study provides a new perspective on this temporary policy and underscores the value of experimentation as a governance tool for the transition to sustainable mobility. This value goes beyond the direct traffic-related impact: The contribution of the 9-Euro-Ticket to a new stable configuration, the ‘Germany ticket’, is identified as the main output.
{"title":"A Public Transport Ticket that Moved a Country: Assessing the Value of the German 9-Euro-Ticket as a Socio-Technical Experiment","authors":"Michael Bissel","doi":"10.32866/001c.84645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.84645","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the German 9-Euro-Ticket from summer 2022 as a socio-technical experiment. Based on a systematic literature review of evaluations and accompanying research, three categories of learning processes are distinguished. The results suggest that the 9-Euro-Ticket enabled technological, social and institutional learning. Thus, the study provides a new perspective on this temporary policy and underscores the value of experimentation as a governance tool for the transition to sustainable mobility. This value goes beyond the direct traffic-related impact: The contribution of the 9-Euro-Ticket to a new stable configuration, the ‘Germany ticket’, is identified as the main output.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45233216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In northern, remote regions, community access can differ between the seasons due to modal availability. Existing accessibility measures have not been developed within, and considering, contexts where transportation modes are seasonally available. We introduce a new accessibility index that uses a cost-based approach in accounting for seasonality, using data from the Northwest Territories, Canada. We find that fly-in communities or communities with more seasonal variation in terrestrial access tend to have higher travel costs to service centers than those connected year-round by all-weather roads.
{"title":"Transportation Access Index for Remote Communities That Considers Modal Seasonality","authors":"Tom Stringer, Amy M. Kim","doi":"10.32866/001c.84337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.84337","url":null,"abstract":"In northern, remote regions, community access can differ between the seasons due to modal availability. Existing accessibility measures have not been developed within, and considering, contexts where transportation modes are seasonally available. We introduce a new accessibility index that uses a cost-based approach in accounting for seasonality, using data from the Northwest Territories, Canada. We find that fly-in communities or communities with more seasonal variation in terrestrial access tend to have higher travel costs to service centers than those connected year-round by all-weather roads.","PeriodicalId":73025,"journal":{"name":"Findings (Sydney (N.S.W.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43444279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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