Frontiers in aging最新文献

Background: Stroke-related sarcopenia has attracted increasing attention, and the prevalence is increasing. However, the influencing factors and clinical outcomes are still not well reported in the literature, and existing studies are heterogeneous in terms of study design, outcomes, and means of outcome assessment. We conducted this scoping review to map and summarize the evidence in the rapidly growing field of stroke-related sarcopenia, and guide future research directions.

Purpose: To synthesize the influencing factors and clinical outcomes of stroke-related sarcopenia.

Methods: The scoping review process followed the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley and was reported using the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Six English databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from the inception to 13 August 2024, and updated on 5 October 2025. We included studies involving influencing factors and clinical outcomes (concept) of stroke-related sarcopenia (population) in any setting (context).

Results: Twenty-six studies were identified, including six cross-sectional and twenty cohort studies. Forty influencing factors were extracted and integrated into five categories, including demographic, disease, stroke-related, behavioral, and biomarker factors. Stroke-related sarcopenia can cause impaired motor, swallowing, neurological, and psychological function and lead to increased recurrence, readmission, and mortality.

Conclusion: Our scoping review shows that stroke-related sarcopenia depends on multiple factors and has widespread effects. Understanding these influencing factors and clinical outcomes can help health professionals to intervene and manage stroke-related sarcopenia. However, heterogeneity in the details of the included studies made it difficult to undertake quantitative summaries across studies, more high-quality, multicenter studies should be conducted in the future to provide consistent evidence to guide clinical practice.

This review presents the advancements in research on risk prediction models for physical restraint among the elderly. As the global population ages, the issue of physical restraint in older adults has become increasingly prominent, making accurate risk prediction essential for enhancing their quality of life. Current Status: Physical restraint rates exhibit marked regional disparities (e.g., 84.9% in Spain vs. 1.9% in the US). Key risk factors include age ≥75, dementia, and agitation. Machine learning models achieve higher accuracy than traditional statistical approaches, but hybrid models better balance precision and interpretability. Future Directions: (1) Developing real-time monitoring systems via sensor technology; (2) Establishing ethical frameworks for model deployment through clinician-data scientist partnerships; (3) Implementing validated tools in clinical settings to minimize restraint use. Finally, the review emphasizing the need for improved methodologies and the integration of interdisciplinary approaches to better address this complex issue.

The increasing prevalence of obesity among older adults is a significant clinical and public health challenge. In this population, obesity contributes to numerous chronic diseases, functional decline and elevated mortality. This growing concern highlights the urgent need for more effective weight management strategies for older adults. Pharmacologic treatments, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual agonists, have emerged as promising treatments for weight loss, but their effects remain understudied in older adults. In this article, we discuss the potential musculoskeletal implications associated with the use of weight loss pharmacotherapy among older adults. We emphasize the consequences of lean mass loss, particularly the loss of skeletal muscle mass, which represents a critical determinant of ambulation, physical function and major regulator of metabolic health in older adults. We also describe the adverse risks of weight regain and weight cycling, and the significance of lean mass preservation during weight loss for older individuals. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps associated with safe and effective obesity pharmacotherapy in older adults and emphasize the potential benefits of combining GLP-1 therapies with promyogenic agents, structured exercise, and targeted nutritional interventions for optimizing weight loss quality in this population. These integrated approaches merit further investigation in clinical trials to determine their synergist effects for enhancing body composition while promoting independence, vitality and wellbeing in older adults undergoing pharmacologic weight loss.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate age-related alterations of lung structure.

Methods: We retrospectively collected 928 male subjects from an annual lung nodule screening cohort. The quantitative parameters included lung volume (LV), mean lesion density (MLD), emphysema indexes (LAA-910, LAA-910%, LAA-950 and LAA-950%), number of bronchi (NB) and volume of bronchi (VB), as well as ratio of airway to the lung (ALR). The quantitative parameters were calculated for total lung, right lung, left lung, and the individual lobes.

Results: LV and VB peaked in the group of 51-60 years-old and 61-70 years-old, respectively. MLD decreased with age, while LAA-910, LAA-950, LAA-910%, LAA-950%, and ALR all showed an increasing trend with age. LV, NB, and VB of the right lung were larger than those of the left lung, while MLD, LAA-950, LAA-950%, and ALR of the right lung were lower than those of the left lung (P < 0.05). The LV of bilateral upper lobes increased with age, while a decline of LV of bilateral lower lobes was observed since the sixties. The MLD of the bilateral lower lobes decreased (P < 0.05). The LAA-910%, LAA-950%, and ALR of the 71-80 years-old in all five lobes were higher than those of the other four groups (P < 0.05). LAA-950 and LAA-950% of bilateral lower lobes displayed a steeper increase began at 60 years old. We also provide a computational formula, LungAge Score, for the assessment of the structural lung aging features.

Conclusion: Lung aging is not a linear process, and the lung structural alterations in the upper and lower lobes exhibit significant heterogeneity.

Introduction: As the global population ages, trauma among middle aged and older adults has become a significant public health concern, particularly in emergency care settings. In Saudi Arabia, the number of adults aged ≥50 years is steadily increasing, particularly in urban centers such as Jeddah, where multigenerational households and chronic health conditions influence injury patterns and healthcare utilization. Middle aged and older adults face higher rates of injury-related hospitalizations than younger populations, often exacerbated by physiological vulnerability and comorbid conditions. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic factors, prevalent injury types, associated comorbidities, and clinical outcomes of middle aged and older adult's patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with trauma.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients aged ≥50 years who presented to the ED with trauma between January 2021 and December 2023. The assessed variables included sociodemographic data, injury severity, injury patterns, comorbidities, clinical management, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify the associations and predictors of surgical intervention.

Results: A total of 248 middle aged and older adult patients with trauma were analyzed. Male patients sustained more severe injuries, with a statistically significant association between gender and injury severity (p = 0.028). No significant correlation was found between injury severity, age, and comorbidities. Logistic regression revealed that the mode of arrival and lower body injuries were significant predictors of surgical intervention (OR = 2.714, p = 0.046). Patients arriving by walk-in (OR = 7.560, p = 0.002) or personal vehicle (OR = 5.231, p = 0.006) were more likely to undergo surgery than those transported by ambulance. Surgical intervention was inversely associated with injury recurrence (OR = 0.214, p = 0.019), whereas the presence of comorbidities significantly increased the likelihood of surgical management (OR = 2.024, p = 0.031).

Conclusion: Middle aged and Older adult trauma patients represent a complex and vulnerable population in emergency care. Male gender, lower limb injuries, comorbidities, and non-ambulance transport modes are significant predictors of surgical intervention. Identifying these factors can guide early triage, optimize care, and inform preventive strategies to improve outcomes and reduce the healthcare burden.

GPR68 is a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor with an activation threshold at extracellular pH values between 6.5 and 7.0. It is widely expressed in diverse cell types, particularly in fibroblasts and cancer cells, within inflammatory and tumor microenvironments. In inflammatory bowel disease patients, GPR68 expression is also significantly increased in macrophages and monocytes. GPR68 primarily modulates inflammatory responses through the Gq/11-phospholipase C-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/Ca²⁺ signaling axis. Extracellular acidification first promotes GPR68 coupling with Gq/11, subsequently enhancing phospholipase Cβ activity and increasing IP₃ production; IP₃ then mediates Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, activating calmodulin-dependent kinase and calcineurin, ultimately inducing NF-κB and NFAT nuclear translocation to upregulate inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2. This cascade activates inflammatory signaling pathways, thereby driving cellular and tissue senescence and creating favorable conditions for the progression of age-related diseases. However, its long-term causal relationship requires further validation through prospective studies. Abnormal GPR68 expression is closely associated with chronic inflammation, acidosis, and fibrosis in diseases including osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, glioblastoma (GBM), and pancreatic cancer. In GBM, knocking down GPR68 or using the GPR68 inhibitor ogremorphin significantly reduces tumor cell survival. Despite its potential as a therapeutic target, challenges remain, such as the unresolved crystal structure, the lack of in vivo causality, cell-type specificity, and context-dependent signaling mechanisms. Targeting GPR68 may offer novel therapeutic strategies for these pathological processes.

Time shapes life both through its steady progression, as seen in aging, and through its eternal return, reflected in biological rhythms. These two temporal forces have sculpted organisms from their evolutionary beginnings, intertwining the processes of circadian regulation and senescence into the emerging concept of circadian aging. From the earliest prokaryotic lifeforms, the ability to sense and anticipate environmental cycles conferred evolutionary advantages, leading to the emergence of endogenous circadian clocks that regulate nearly every aspect of physiology. The mammalian circadian system is far more complex than a single master clock, comprising multiple tissue-specific oscillators entrained by diverse zeitgebers such as light, food, and activity. Importantly, circadian function deteriorates with age, contributing to hallmarks of aging including metabolic dysfunction, cognitive decline, immunosenescence, and disrupted sleep. Yet species with negligible senescence, such as naked mole-rats, tend to retain robust circadian rhythms throughout life, suggesting that temporal homeostasis may serve as both a marker and a modulator of healthy aging. This review explores the dynamic interplay between circadian time and chronological time, highlighting their shared regulatory pathways. We examine how circadian rhythms change naturally with age and in pathological conditions, the molecular crosstalk between clock genes and aging-related pathways and emerging evidence that circadian interventions can restore rhythmicity and promote healthspan. By unraveling the mechanisms of circadian aging, we aim to illuminate novel chrono-geroprotective strategies to enhance resilience and improve quality of life across the lifespan.