Frontiers in aging最新文献

This review explores the effects of dietary polyphenols, such as resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin, on sarcopenia, with a particular focus on the underlying molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. These bioactive compounds may modulate key signaling pathways, including mTOR, NF-κB, and AMPK, while also influencing epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA regulation. Through these actions, polyphenols may reduce oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), enhance mitochondrial function, and contribute to the preservation of muscle mass and strength in older adults. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies investigating the impact of polyphenols on muscle health and their potential in the prevention or attenuation of sarcopenia will be discussed. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives will be addressed, emphasizing the role of epigenetic biomarkers and the potential synergy with physical exercise as part of integrated geroscience strategies to optimize muscle health during aging.

Introduction: Oxidative stress, driven by the imbalance between reactive species from oxygen and nitrogen and antioxidant defense mechanisms, plays a pivotal role in aging-related pathologies. Structured multicomponent exercise interventions have mitigated hospital-acquired disability by improving physical and cognitive function and quality of life. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this improvement remain partially understood.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of a supervised exercise program on oxidative stress in hospitalized older adults. Participants were randomized to a 3-day tailored exercise program based on baseline functional capacity. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (μmol/mL) and the oxidative oxidation of total proteins (PO) were measured. RESULTS: Seventy-two participants were included in this subanalysis (mean age 86.8 years [SD 4.96], 53.8% female [n = 39]). The exercise group showed a minimal change in MDA levels, while the control group exhibited a significant increase, with a between-group difference of -0.24 μmol/mL (p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant benefits in patients with diabetes and in women. The intervention improved functional capacity and subjective health status. Participants with lower baseline oxidative stress levels showed greater improvement in SPPB compared to those with higher baseline levels.

Discussion: Structured exercise may mitigate the increase in oxidative stress in hospitalized older adults, particularly in women and those with diabetes. The magnitude of functional improvements could depend on baseline oxidative status, highlighting the need for personalized interventions. Future research should explore long-term effects, biomarkers, and tailored protocols to optimize outcomes in this population.

Background: Chronic diseases significantly impact the health of older adults globally. While digital health technologies offer new avenues for management, existing evidence remains inconsistent with methodological limitations.

Methods: We systematically searched eight databases, including PubMed and Web of Science (from inception to 31 July 2025), for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients aged 60 and above with chronic conditions. A random-effects model was used to synthesize data to evaluate the impact of digital health interventions on general quality of life (QoL), disease-specific QoL, and mental health. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.

Results: Fifteen RCTs (n = 3253) were included. The meta-analysis showed that digital health interventions significantly improved general QoL (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI [0.30, 0.78]), disease-specific QoL (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.17, 0.60]), and mental health status (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI [0.22, 0.50]) in older adults with chronic diseases. Although heterogeneity was observed in some outcomes, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. The GRADE assessment indicated that the quality of evidence for mental health improvement was high.

Conclusion: Digital health interventions effectively enhance the quality of life and mental health of older adults with chronic diseases, demonstrating clear clinical significance. The evidence supports the integration of digital health technologies into routine care systems, particularly standardized interventions for patients with respiratory and metabolic diseases.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD420251107861, identifier CRD420251107861.

CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in NAD⁺ metabolism, calcium signaling, and immune cell activation. Its role in the inflammatory response has been studied extensively in innate immune cells; however, its contribution to the activation of memory T lymphocytes under inflammatory conditions is less understood. Additionally, recent studies have shown an age-related increase in the expression of the protein CD38 in various human and murine tissues. Moreover, CD8⁺ bystander T cells have been shown to contribute to inflammation during the aging process. Given the importance of its potential role in age-related pathologies, we examined the effect of CD38 on bystander activation of CD8⁺ memory T cells in aged mice following lipopolysaccharide challenge. CD38-deficient mice exhibited attenuated serum cytokine responses (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10) and a distinct CD8⁺ T cell profile, characterized by a decrease in activated T cells. Wild-type mice displayed a significant expansion of CD69⁺T_CM cells after LPS inoculation, an effect that was absent in CD38-deficient animals. LPS also promoted the expression of CD69 and CD38 in T_EM/EFF subsets. Thus, our findings reveal a CD38-dependent mechanism underlying bystander activation of memory CD8⁺ T cells in aging. Highlighting the potential contribution of CD38 to age-related diseases, such as autoimmunity, and in the face of inflammatory conditions in aged people.

Background: Currently, aging issues are becoming more prominent, and the aging population is expanding. The reliance on medical or pharmaceutical means of combating aging and disease raises concerns about the long-term safety and economic impact. Therefore, sustainable and friendly strategies need to be explored urgently. Phenolic-rich antioxidant dietary regimens and exercise integrated into daily habits contain great anti-aging potential. Research on natural laws for anti-aging based on phenolics and exercise is in full swing.

Scope and approach: The review first outlines the current status of aging and elucidates the root causes of aging. Second, the anti-aging mechanisms at the source through daily behaviors such as phenolic diets and exercise are introduced. Then, the combined anti-aging strategy of dietary phenolic supplements and exercise is proposed, providing a feasible basis for resource synergy between the two. Finally, constructive comments are made to guide practical implementation and future development.

Key findings and conclusions: Mitochondrial dysfunction and its ROS accumulation are the essence of aging pathogenicity, and its causes include lifestyle habits, age, and genes. The precise action on mitochondria through phenolics and exercise to ameliorate oxidative stress and maintain anti-aging function is in line with contemporary concepts of anti-aging. Although research on the combined effects of phenolics and exercise for anti-aging is scarce and faces multiple challenges, this new strategy is likely to be adopted as these issues are gradually resolved.

Introduction: This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study evaluated the effects of trans-resveratrol on skin health. To date, and to the best of our knowledge, no study has tested trans-resveratrol as the only active ingredient, orally or topically, for improving skin parameters in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trans-resveratrol on skin health and visible signs of ageing, when administered orally and/or applied topically to the face.

Methods: Healthy females aged 40 years and older were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo oral and topical (P/P Group), trans-resveratrol oral and placebo topical (A/P Group), placebo oral and trans-resveratrol topical (P/A Group), and trans-resveratrol oral and topical (A/A Group). Participants were instructed to take one capsule (75 mg trans-resveratrol) and apply 1 g of cream (1.5% trans-resveratrol) twice daily for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included wrinkle assessment, skin age, temperature, pore size, forehead lines, glabellar lines, Crow's feet, nasolabial folds, pigmentation, sebum levels, moisture, and elasticity, along with a self-assessment questionnaire, serum trans-resveratrol concentrations, and safety.

Results: Out of 134 participants enrolled, 122 completed the study. Results indicated significantly reduced wrinkle scores in the A/A Group compared to the P/P Group at week 8. All treatment groups showed increased sebum levels, with the active topical groups (P/A and A/A Groups) having significantly higher U-zone sebum at week 8 compared to placebo topical groups (P/P and A/P Groups). No significant differences were found in other skin parameters. Serum trans-resveratrol conjugate levels increased significantly in the A/P and A/A Groups at week 4 and 8. All trial products were shown to be safe with minimal and only mild adverse events recorded in every group.

Conclusion: Oral and topical trans-resveratrol treatment can help improve skin health parameters. When taken orally and applied topically, trans-resveratrol was effective at wrinkle reduction, and when applied topically, it increased sebum levels.

Clinical trial registration: identifier ACTRN12621000709842.

The role of DNA methylation in the process of biological aging is a particularly active area of research, where methylation changes may be a consequence or a driver in the deviation between biological and chronological age. We employ a scoping review strategy to analyze the results of 435 relevant research papers, 167 of which employed methylation-based strategies to interrogate biological age. Our work details the progression and refinement of these strategies over time, as well as the development of novel methylation-based clocks and algorithmic methods. Our chosen review strategy allows for the identification of research findings consistent and discordant with one another, as well as focusing on exciting, potential research areas regarding measurement, calculation, and assessment of epigenetic biological age.

Physical reasoning is the capacity to anticipate how an environment will change as its elements move and interact. This cognitive skill, which is based on humans' intuitive knowledge of physics, underlies everyday tasks that are potentially critical to older adults, such as avoiding collisions. Nevertheless, the effects of aging on physical reasoning remain understudied. Here, we tested physical reasoning among younger (18-35 years) and older (over 65 years) adults as they completed different difficulty levels of a physical reasoning paradigm. Participants viewed object displacements in a virtual environment and had to decide the outcome of that displacement under different gravity forces (terrestrial gravity, half, and double terrestrial gravity). We also tested distinct physical action concepts-supporting, launching, and clearing-because those index different demands on object-interaction complexity and are known to differ during child development. This allowed us to determine whether age-related differences reflect a global decline in physical reasoning or a selective difficulty with conceptually more complex, multi-object predictions. Our results revealed that older adults performed comparably to younger adults in straightforward fail conditions but exhibited lower accuracy in more complex scenarios, implicating subtle object interactions and predicting successful outcomes. This decline did not intensify under altered gravity, suggesting that the ability to recalibrate to new physical contexts may not be selectively affected by aging. However, older adults were disproportionately challenged by tasks featuring action concepts involving more complex object interactions, indicating that higher complexity burdens physical reasoning in later life. These findings highlight how intuitive physics can still degrade in key aspects of precision and complexity. Understanding these shifts is important for developing supportive strategies that help maintain functional independence in older adulthood, particularly in tasks requiring challenging physical reasoning.