Frontiers in aging最新文献

Physical reasoning is the capacity to anticipate how an environment will change as its elements move and interact. This cognitive skill, which is based on humans' intuitive knowledge of physics, underlies everyday tasks that are potentially critical to older adults, such as avoiding collisions. Nevertheless, the effects of aging on physical reasoning remain understudied. Here, we tested physical reasoning among younger (18-35 years) and older (over 65 years) adults as they completed different difficulty levels of a physical reasoning paradigm. Participants viewed object displacements in a virtual environment and had to decide the outcome of that displacement under different gravity forces (terrestrial gravity, half, and double terrestrial gravity). We also tested distinct physical action concepts-supporting, launching, and clearing-because those index different demands on object-interaction complexity and are known to differ during child development. This allowed us to determine whether age-related differences reflect a global decline in physical reasoning or a selective difficulty with conceptually more complex, multi-object predictions. Our results revealed that older adults performed comparably to younger adults in straightforward fail conditions but exhibited lower accuracy in more complex scenarios, implicating subtle object interactions and predicting successful outcomes. This decline did not intensify under altered gravity, suggesting that the ability to recalibrate to new physical contexts may not be selectively affected by aging. However, older adults were disproportionately challenged by tasks featuring action concepts involving more complex object interactions, indicating that higher complexity burdens physical reasoning in later life. These findings highlight how intuitive physics can still degrade in key aspects of precision and complexity. Understanding these shifts is important for developing supportive strategies that help maintain functional independence in older adulthood, particularly in tasks requiring challenging physical reasoning.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2025.1632997.].

Introduction: Growing demand for liver transplantation (LTx) has increased the use of elderly donors. In Argentina, however, data on the clinical impact of donor age on post-transplant outcomes remain limited.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of donor age on clinical, functional, and molecular outcomes after LTx at Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 494 LTx conducted between 2009 and 2020. Patients were stratified into two age groups: 18-59 years (Younger) and ≥60 years (Elderly). Overall and graft survival (OS and GS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses adjusted for recipient age, donor age, recipient gender, donor gender, transplant year, MELD score, disease etiology, donor BMI, DRI, CIT, WIT, Total Bilirubin (TBIL) and INR. Early postoperative complications including early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and early renal replacement therapy (RRT) were evaluated. Post-transplant liver function was assessed by routine biochemical tests. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory and senescence markers was quantified by qRT-PCR, and lipofuscin deposition was measured using ImageJ.

Results: After applying exclusion criteria, 267 LTx were included (Younger donors: n = 222; Elderly donors: n = 45). Recipients of elderly donor grafts showed significantly lower OS and GS (p < 0.05). In the multivariable analysis, donor age and TBIL remained independent predictors of GS, whereas donor age, recipient age, and TBIL were associated with OS. In contrast, neither the incidence of EAD nor early RRT differed between recipients of elderly versus young donor grafts. Early postoperative biochemical profiles were also similar between groups, with no significant differences in ALT, AST, ALP, or TBIL levels. Molecular analyses demonstrated that elderly donor livers exhibited significantly higher expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, p21 and CCND1, Elderly donor livers displayed higher baseline lipofuscin accumulation (p < 0.05), consistent with age-associated cellular senescence, and trends toward higher rejection rates.

Conclusion: Donor liver aging, characterized by increased inflammatory and senescence signatures, is associated with reduced patient and graft survival. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of considering donor biological age, beyond chronological age, in organ allocation and selection strategies.

Background: By 2050, the global population of individuals aged 60 years and older is projected to reach two billion, with 80% residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Africa's older population will triple from 74.4 million in 2020 to 235.1 million in 2050, the fastest growth rate globally. Kenya is slightly ahead of the curve on this trajectory, with the population of approximately 2.74 million of the older people expected to quadruple to 12 million over the same period. The Longitudinal Study of Health and Aging in Kenya (LOSHAK) is designed to advance research on population aging in LMICs by focusing on (a) biomarkers and physiological measures; (b) the impacts of air pollution and climate vulnerability; (c) Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, mental health, disability, caregiving, and psychosocial wellbeing; (d) economic security, including the impact of social welfare; and (e) establish cohorts for long-term study of trajectories of healthy aging and their determinants in a LMIC setting.

Methods: The LOSHAK feasibility and pilot phase was a cross-sectional survey of 203 participants aged 45 years and older. This paper reports on the association between self-reported health and sociodemographic, functional, and objective health measures.

Results: Overall mean age was 63.8 years (SD:11.5) with females accounting for 58.1% (118) of the study population. Based on the wealth index, 111 (54.7%) were classified as poor, with only 75 (36.9%) currently working, with a median income of KShs.11,246.60 (USD 86) over the 3 months preceding the study. Only 32 (15.8%) of respondents reported "very good" self-reported health, while over 80% reported either "somewhat good" 96 (47.3%) or "not good" 75 (36.9%) health status. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.97) and higher subjective wellbeing (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12) were significantly associated with better self-reported health.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering sociodemographic, subjective wellbeing, and psychosocial factors in improving the health of older adults in Kenya. Including these measures in longitudinal studies of aging and health in Africa in the future is recommended.

Aims: To compare the effectiveness of an 8-week multicomponent exercise program delivered at home with digital support versus conventional in-person hospital exercise sessions in reducing FOF.

Materials and methods: The GAITCARE project is a multicenter quasi-experimental trial in three hospitals. Participants were assigned by hospital to either: (1) VIVIFIL App group-individualized daily home exercise with remote supervision; or (2) In person group-face to face exercise at hospital day-care units. The primary outcome was FOF measured by the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (Short FES-I). Secondary outcomes included adherence and app satisfaction.

Results: 127 participants were included (64 in App group, 63 in-person group), aged 70-93 (mean 82.36). FOF (SFES-I) was present in 68.3% of the in-person group and 54.7% of the App group. The 8-week intervention reduced FOF scores in both groups, reaching statistical significance only in the in-person group. However, the App group also showed a clinically relevant reduction (∼20%) despite starting with slightly lower baseline FOF, suggesting potential benefits of remote delivery. The in-person group showed higher adherence at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (follow-up). Baseline physical activity influenced adherence, with sedentary participants showing lower adherence. Digital delivery with remote supervision showed good feasibility and was generally well accepted by participants.

Conclusion: FOF is prevalent in older adults with falls and can be significantly reduced by face-to-face group exercise, which also achieves higher adherence. Enhancements in telematic applications are necessary to improve adherence in digital interventions targeting FOF.

With growing global interest in extending not only lifespan but also healthspan, healthy aging has emerged as a central goal in biomedical research. This review provides an overview of current longevity interventions, including genetic manipulations, dietary restriction, exercise, pharmacological treatments, targeting senescence and cellular reprogramming strategies, as studied in key model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus. We examine the limitations and challenges associated with these approaches, particularly their variability across tissues and cell types. Furthermore, we emphasize the critical role of single-cell aging atlas technologies in uncovering cell-type-specific aging patterns and molecular signatures. By integrating single-cell data, we propose that future interventions can be more precisely designed to target aging at the cellular level, thereby enhancing the efficacy and specificity of longevity strategies.