Frontiers in allergy最新文献

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Functional human skin explants as tools for assessing mast cell activation and inhibition 将功能性人体皮肤外植体作为评估肥大细胞活化和抑制的工具

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1373511

Clarence Rachel Villanueva, Keane Barksdale, Tinuola Owolabi, Donavan Bridges, Kristin Chichester, Sarbjit Saini, Eric T. Oliver

Mast cells are activated through a variety of different receptors to release preformed granules and mediators synthesized de novo. However, the physiology and function of mast cells are not fully understood. Traditional studies of mast cell activation in humans have utilized cultures of tissue-derived mast cells including CD34+ progenitor cells or well-characterized commercially available cell lines. One limitation of these methods is that mast cells are no longer in a natural state. Therefore, their applicability to human skin disorders may be limited. Human skin explant models have been utilized to investigate the short-term effects of cell mediators, drugs, and irritants on skin while avoiding the ethical concerns surrounding in vivo stimulation studies with non-approved agents. Nonetheless, few studies have utilized intact human tissue to study mast cell degranulation. This “Methods” paper describes the development and application of an intact skin explant model to study human mast cell activation. In this manuscript, we share our protocol for setting up ex vivo human skin explants and describe the results of stimulation experiments and techniques to minimize trauma-induced histamine release. Skin explants were generated using de-identified, full-thickness, non-diseased skin specimens from plastic and reconstructive surgeries. Results were reproducible and demonstrated FcɛRI- and MRGPRX2-induced mediator release which was inhibited with the use of a BTK inhibitor and QWF, respectively. Thus, this explant model provides a quick and accessible method of assessing human skin mast cell activation and inhibition.

肥大细胞通过各种不同的受体激活，释放预先形成的颗粒和重新合成的介质。然而，人们对肥大细胞的生理和功能并不完全了解。对人体肥大细胞活化的传统研究利用的是组织来源的肥大细胞培养物，包括 CD34+ 祖细胞或特征明确的市售细胞系。这些方法的一个局限性是肥大细胞不再处于自然状态。因此，它们对人类皮肤疾病的适用性可能有限。人类皮肤外植体模型已被用于研究细胞介质、药物和刺激物对皮肤的短期影响，同时避免了使用未经批准的药物进行体内刺激研究的伦理问题。然而，很少有研究利用完整的人体组织来研究肥大细胞脱颗粒。本 "方法 "论文介绍了开发和应用完整皮肤外植体模型来研究人体肥大细胞活化的情况。在本手稿中，我们分享了建立体外人体皮肤外植体的方案，并描述了刺激实验的结果以及将创伤诱导的组胺释放降至最低的技术。皮肤外植体是使用整形和重建手术中的去标识、全厚、非病变皮肤标本制作的。结果具有可重复性，并证明了 FcɛRI-和 MRGPRX2 诱导的介质释放，而 BTK 抑制剂和 QWF 可分别抑制介质释放。因此，这种外植体模型为评估人类皮肤肥大细胞的活化和抑制提供了一种快速、简便的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Aerobiological and clinical study in the semidesertic area of the Southeastern of Spain 西班牙东南部半荒漠地区的空气生物学和临床研究

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1328940

J. J. Zapata, L. Martín‐López, Laura Bosch, Jorge del Campo, J. Carnés

Aerobiological studies constitute a relevant tool to predict the most influential parameters over the pollen seasons with significant clinical relevance in the allergic populations. The aim of this study was to describe the aerobiological behaviour of the most relevant allergenic sources in the semi-arid area of southeast of Spain (Almería) and to investigate the correlation with meteorological factors and clinical symptoms of allergic patients. Daily pollen count and meteorological parameters of Almería, Spain, were compiled for ten years. The clinical symptoms of 248 allergic patients were also recorded. Descriptive statistics and correlations between variables were assessed. Multivariate analyses were performed to predict the influence of meteorological factors on pollen concentration and the risk of suffer respiratory symptoms. Eight pollen families were identified as the most relevant allergenic sources. Temperature correlated with main pollen season evolution of all taxa whereas rainfall and relative humidity only correlated in Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae and Urticaceae. Rainfall and relative humidity were the most influential predictors of pollen concentration, except in Amaranthaceaea and Poaceae families, while temperature only influenced on Cupressaceae and Urticaceae pollen concentrations. A significant positive influence was observed between maximum temperature and rainfall with the appearance of allergic symptoms in patients sensitized to grasses, Parietaria sp. and Olea sp. This study, highlight the main aerobiological features in the region and establish a suitable tool for clinical follow-up and management of allergic patients. Further studies are needed to establish an accurate measurement aimed to control and prevent pollinosis in sensitized patients.

空气生物学研究是预测花粉季节中最具影响力的参数的相关工具，对过敏人群具有重要的临床意义。本研究的目的是描述西班牙东南部半干旱地区（阿尔梅里亚）最相关过敏源的空气生物学行为，并研究其与气象因素和过敏患者临床症状的相关性。对西班牙阿尔梅里亚十年来的每日花粉数量和气象参数进行了统计。此外，还记录了 248 名过敏症患者的临床症状。对变量之间的描述性统计和相关性进行了评估。为预测气象因素对花粉浓度和呼吸道症状风险的影响，进行了多变量分析。八个花粉家族被确定为最相关的过敏源。温度与所有类群的主要花粉季节演变相关，而降雨量和相对湿度仅与油茶科、松科、苋科、菊科和荨麻科相关。降雨量和相对湿度是对花粉浓度影响最大的预测因子，但苋科和松科除外，而温度只对濯缨草科和荨麻科的花粉浓度有影响。最高气温和降雨量与对禾本科植物、伞形科植物和油橄榄科植物过敏的患者出现过敏症状之间存在明显的正相关影响。这项研究突出了该地区的主要空气生物学特征，并为过敏患者的临床跟踪和管理提供了一个合适的工具。还需要进一步研究，以建立精确的测量方法，控制和预防过敏患者的花粉症。

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引用次数: 0

Nasal polyp syndrome: a patient-centred term for CRSwNP by EUFOREA 鼻息肉综合征：EUFOREA 以患者为中心的 CRSwNP 术语

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1372919

T. Theeling, C. Djouder, H. Laurens, J. H. Preyra, C. M. E. Shire, E. Van Staeyen, D. Conti, G. Scadding, P. Hellings

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinus cavities that significantly affects well-being and social function, particularly in young adults and middle-aged populations. CRSwNP is a common health condition in the Western world, with an estimated prevalence of 3%. Despite worldwide evidence-based treatment guidelines such as the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2020 and the European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA) chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pocket guide, a significant number of patients remain undiagnosed and/or uncontrolled with repeated oral corticosteroids (OCS) treatments and/or (multiple) endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESS).

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）是一种鼻腔和副鼻窦腔的慢性炎症性疾病，严重影响患者的健康和社会功能，尤其是青壮年和中年人群。CRSwNP 在西方国家是一种常见的健康问题，估计发病率为 3%。尽管有《欧洲鼻炎和鼻息肉立场文件（EPOS）2020》和《欧洲过敏和气道疾病研究与教育论坛（EUFOREA）慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）袖珍指南》等全球循证治疗指南，但仍有大量患者未得到诊断和/或反复口服皮质类固醇（OCS）治疗和/或（多次）内窥镜鼻窦手术（ESS）未得到控制。

引用次数: 0

Impact of obesity on airway remodeling in asthma: pathophysiological insights and clinical implications 肥胖对哮喘气道重塑的影响：病理生理学见解和临床意义

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1365801

A. Listyoko, Ryota Okazaki, Tomoya Harada, Genki Inui, Akira Yamasaki

The prevalence of obesity among asthma patients has surged in recent years, posing a significant risk factor for uncontrolled asthma. Beyond its impact on asthma severity and patients' quality of life, obesity is associated with reduced lung function, increased asthma exacerbations, hospitalizations, heightened airway hyperresponsiveness, and elevated asthma-related mortality. Obesity may lead to metabolic dysfunction and immune dysregulation, fostering chronic inflammation characterized by increased pro-inflammatory mediators and adipocytokines, elevated reactive oxygen species, and reduced antioxidant activity. This chronic inflammation holds the potential to induce airway remodeling in individuals with asthma and obesity. Airway remodeling encompasses structural and pathological changes, involving alterations in the airway's epithelial and subepithelial layers, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, and changes in airway vascularity. In individuals with asthma and obesity, airway remodeling may underlie heightened airway hyperresponsiveness and increased asthma severity, ultimately contributing to the development of persistent airflow limitation, declining lung function, and a potential increase in asthma-related mortality. Despite efforts to address the impact of obesity on asthma outcomes, the intricate mechanisms linking obesity to asthma pathophysiology, particularly concerning airway remodeling, remain incompletely understood. This comprehensive review discusses current research investigating the influence of obesity on airway remodeling, to enhance our understanding of obesity's role in the context of asthma airway remodeling.

近年来，哮喘患者的肥胖率急剧上升，成为哮喘失控的一个重要风险因素。除了对哮喘严重程度和患者生活质量的影响外，肥胖还与肺功能下降、哮喘加重、住院次数增加、气道高反应性以及哮喘相关死亡率升高有关。肥胖可能会导致新陈代谢功能紊乱和免疫调节失调，引发慢性炎症，其特点是促炎介质和脂肪细胞因子增加、活性氧升高以及抗氧化活性降低。这种慢性炎症有可能诱发哮喘和肥胖患者的气道重塑。气道重塑包括结构和病理变化，涉及气道上皮和上皮下层的改变、气道平滑肌的增生和肥大以及气道血管的变化。对于患有哮喘和肥胖症的人来说，气道重塑可能是气道高反应性和哮喘严重程度增加的基础，最终导致持续性气流受限、肺功能下降以及哮喘相关死亡率的潜在增加。尽管人们一直在努力解决肥胖对哮喘预后的影响问题，但对肥胖与哮喘病理生理学（尤其是气道重塑）之间错综复杂的关联机制仍然知之甚少。本综述讨论了目前有关肥胖对气道重塑影响的研究，以加深我们对肥胖在哮喘气道重塑中的作用的了解。

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引用次数: 0

History of pollutant adjuvants in respiratory allergy 呼吸道过敏中污染物佐剂的历史

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1374771

Dennis Shusterman

Combined exposures to allergens and air pollutants emerged as a topic of concern in scientific circles by the 1980's, when it became clear that parallel increases in respiratory allergies and traffic-related air pollution had been occurring during the 20th century. Although historically there has been a tendency to treat exposure-related symptoms as either allergic or toxicologic in nature, cross-interactions have since been established between the two modalities. For example, exposure to selected air pollutants in concert with a given allergen can increase the likelihood that an individual will become sensitized to that allergen, strongly suggesting that the pollutant acted as an adjuvant. Although not a review of underlying mechanisms, the purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the potential significance of co-exposure to adjuvant chemicals in predicting allergic sensitization in the respiratory tract. The current discussion emphasizes the upper airway as a model for respiratory challenge studies, the results of which may be applicable—not only to allergic rhinitis—but also to conjunctivitis and asthma.

20 世纪 80 年代，过敏原和空气污染物的联合暴露成为科学界关注的一个话题，当时人们清楚地认识到，在 20 世纪，呼吸道过敏症和与交通相关的空气污染同时增加。尽管从历史上看，人们一直倾向于将与暴露有关的症状视为过敏性或毒性症状，但从那时起，这两种模式之间的交叉相互作用已经确立。例如，在接触特定过敏原的同时接触特定的空气污染物，会增加个体对该过敏原过敏的可能性，这强烈表明污染物起到了佐剂的作用。这篇小型综述虽然不是对潜在机制的综述，但其目的是强调共同暴露于佐剂化学物质在预测呼吸道过敏致敏方面的潜在意义。目前的讨论强调将上呼吸道作为呼吸道挑战研究的模型，其结果可能不仅适用于过敏性鼻炎，也适用于结膜炎和哮喘。

引用次数: 0

Calibrating canines—a universal detector calibrant for detection dogs 犬类校准--用于探测犬的通用探测器校准剂

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1366596

Michele N. Maughan, Jenna D. Gadberry, Caitlin E. Sharpes, Patricia E. Buckley, Aleksandr E. Miklos, K. Furton, Lauryn E. DeGreeff, Nathaniel J. Hall, Robin R Greubel, Katylynn B. Sloan

Since the advent of the Universal Detector Calibrant (UDC) by scientists at Florida International University in 2013, this tool has gone largely unrecognized and under-utilized by canine scent detection practitioners. The UDC is a chemical that enables reliability testing of biological and instrumental detectors. Training a biological detector, such as a scent detection canine, to respond to a safe, non-target, and uncommon compound has significant advantages. For example, if used prior to a search, the UDC provides the handler with the ability to confirm the detection dog is ready to work without placing target odor on site (i.e., a positive control), thereby increasing handler confidence in their canine and providing documentation of credibility that can withstand legal scrutiny. This review describes the UDC, summarizes its role in canine detection science, and addresses applications for UDC within scent detection canine development, training, and testing.

自佛罗里达国际大学的科学家于 2013 年推出通用探测器校准剂 (UDC) 以来，警犬气味探测从业人员对这一工具的认识和利用一直不足。UDC 是一种能够对生物和仪器探测器进行可靠性测试的化学物质。训练生物探测器（如嗅探犬）对安全、非目标和不常见的化合物做出反应具有显著优势。例如，如果在搜查前使用 UDC，训导员就可以在现场不放置目标气味（即阳性对照）的情况下确认探测犬已做好工作准备，从而增强训导员对探测犬的信心，并提供经得起法律审查的可信度证明文件。本综述介绍了 UDC，概述了它在警犬探测科学中的作用，并讨论了 UDC 在气味探测警犬开发、训练和测试中的应用。

引用次数: 0

Case Report: Mast cell anergy: absence of symptoms after accidental re-exposure to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 3 days after anaphylaxis 病例报告：肥大细胞过敏：过敏性休克 3 天后意外再次接触阿莫西林/克拉维酸后无症状

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1366922

Loris Guyénard, Marie Tauber, Sophie Debord-Peguet, Frédéric Bérard, A. Nosbaum, F. Hacard, Mariana Castells, Jean-François Nicolas

Empty mast cell syndrome, also named post anaphylaxis mast cell anergy (PAMA), is a temporary state of loss of mast cell responsiveness after a severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction. In this study, we describe a case of PAMA after accidental re-exposure to amoxicillin in a patient who developed severe anaphylaxis to this drug three days earlier in the operating room. To our knowledge, this report is the second to document this phenomenon.

空肥大细胞综合征，又称过敏性休克后肥大细胞过敏（PAMA），是指在发生严重的即刻超敏反应后，肥大细胞暂时失去反应性的一种状态。在本研究中，我们描述了一例因意外再次接触阿莫西林而导致 PAMA 的病例，该患者三天前在手术室对该药物产生了严重的过敏性休克。据我们所知，本报告是第二例记录这种现象的报告。

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Spotlight on allergy research in Asia. 社论：聚焦亚洲过敏症研究。

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-03-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1371795

Kyoung Yong Jeong, Andreas Ludwig Lopata

引用次数: 0

House dust mite sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet is safe and well-tolerated in Dutch clinical practice. 在荷兰的临床实践中，屋尘螨舌下过敏原免疫疗法片剂安全且耐受性良好。

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-02-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1355324

Žana Tempels-Pavlica, Mark C J Aarts, Paco M J Welsing, Akke-Nynke van der Meer, Leonard P van der Zwan, Elena Uss, André C Knulst

Background: Half (49%) of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis (AR) patients are sensitized to house dust mite (HDM). If allergen avoidance and symptomatic medication fail, allergen immunotherapy may be indicated.

Objective: We investigated safety and tolerability of HDM-sublingual immunotherapy by HDM-SLIT tablets in Dutch daily clinical practice.

Methods: Daily intake of 12 SQ-HDM SLIT-tablet was investigated in a prospective, multicenter, observational study (EUPAS43753). It comprised 4 consultations in 1 year. Data on safety, tolerability, treatment satisfaction, symptomatic medication, compliance, and clinical effectiveness (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test; CARAT) were collected. Descriptive and longitudinal regression data analysis were performed.

Results: Adult patients (n = 415), mean (SD) age 36.6 (12.2) years, 61.4% female and 36% asthmatic were included. The preponderance (65.1%) experienced adverse events (AEs). These, mostly mild (67%), AEs comprised: oral allergic reactions (58.6%), respiratory (12.4%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (9.4%). Sixty (14.5%) patients stopped due to AEs and 76 (18.3%) for non-AE reasons. CARAT scores improved clinically significant by 6 points and symptomatic medication use decreased from 96.1% to 77.4%. Most patients (74.5%) tolerated the treatment and were compliant (>86.5%). The majority of patients (62.4%) and investigators (69.4%) were satisfied with treatment.

Conclusions: HDM SLIT-tablet is a safe and well-tolerated AR treatment. AEs occur often but are mostly mild and decreasing during the first year. CARAT scores improved and symptomatic medication use decreased suggesting better control of AR with treatment. Compliance, tolerability, and treatment satisfaction are good. However, patient follow-up and compliance remain important points of attention when initiating treatment.

背景：在临床诊断的过敏性鼻炎（AR）患者中，有一半（49%）对屋尘螨（HDM）过敏。如果避开过敏原和对症药物治疗无效，可能需要进行过敏原免疫治疗：我们调查了荷兰日常临床实践中使用 HDM-SLIT 片剂进行 HDM 舌下免疫疗法的安全性和耐受性：在一项前瞻性、多中心、观察性研究（EUPAS43753）中，对每天摄入 12 片 SQ-HDM SLIT 片剂进行了调查。该研究为期一年，共进行了 4 次问诊。研究收集了有关安全性、耐受性、治疗满意度、对症用药、依从性和临床效果（过敏性鼻炎和哮喘控制测试；CARAT）的数据。对数据进行了描述性分析和纵向回归分析：成年患者（n = 415），平均（标清）年龄为 36.6（12.2）岁，61.4% 为女性，36% 为哮喘患者。大多数患者（65.1%）出现了不良反应（AEs）。这些不良反应大多较轻（67%），包括：口腔过敏反应（58.6%）、呼吸道症状（12.4%）和胃肠道症状（9.4%）。有 60 名患者（14.5%）因过敏反应而停药，76 名患者（18.3%）因非过敏反应原因而停药。CARAT 评分在临床上显著提高了 6 分，无症状药物使用率从 96.1% 降至 77.4%。大多数患者（74.5%）都能耐受治疗，并遵从医嘱（>86.5%）。大多数患者（62.4%）和调查人员（69.4%）对治疗表示满意：结论：HDM SLIT片剂是一种安全且耐受性良好的AR治疗药物。结论：HDM SLIT 片剂是一种安全且耐受性良好的 AR 治疗药物，其不良反应经常发生，但大多较轻，且在第一年内逐渐减少。CARAT 评分有所提高，症状性用药减少，这表明通过治疗可以更好地控制 AR。依从性、耐受性和治疗满意度都很好。不过，在开始治疗时，患者的随访和依从性仍是重要的注意事项。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum: Navigating formula shortages: associations of parental perspectives on transitioning to alternative infant formulas for cow's milk protein allergy during the 2022 national formula shortage. 更正：驾驭配方奶粉短缺：在 2022 年全国配方奶粉短缺期间，父母对过渡到替代婴儿配方奶粉以治疗牛奶蛋白过敏症的看法。

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1380490

Abigail L Fabbrini, Andrew A Farrar, Jerry M Brown, Lea V Oliveros, Jared Florio, Jesse Beacker, Luke Lamos, Jessica V Baran, Michael J Wilsey

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1333570.].

[此处更正了文章 DOI：10.3389/falgy.2023.1333570]。

引用次数: 0

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