Frontiers in allergy最新文献

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The relationship between neighborhood economic deprivation and asthma-associated emergency department visits in Maryland 马里兰州邻里经济贫困与哮喘相关急诊就诊之间的关系

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1381184

Oluwasegun Akinyemi, Terhas A. Weldeslase, Eunice Odusanya, Mojisola E Fasokun, Bukola Agboola, Tsion F Andine, Esther Ayeni, Miriam Michael, Kakra Hughes

Asthma represents a substantial public health challenge in the United States, affecting over 25 million adults. This study investigates the impact of neighborhood economic deprivation on asthma-associated Emergency Department (ED) visits in Maryland, using the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) for analysis.A retrospective analysis of Maryland's Emergency Department Databases from January 2018 to December 2020 was conducted, focusing on asthma-associated ED visits.The study involved 185,317 ED visits, majority of which were females (56.3%) and non-Hispanic whites (65.2%). A significant association was found between increased neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and asthma-related ED visits. The poorest neighborhoods showed the highest rates of such visits. Compared to prosperous areas, neighborhoods classified from Comfortable to Distressed had progressively higher odds for asthma-related ED visits (Comfortable: OR = 1.14, Distressed OR = 1.65). Other significant asthma predictors included obesity, female gender, tobacco smoking, and older age.There is a substantive association between higher asthma-related ED visits and high neighborhood economic deprivation, underscoring the impact of socioeconomic factors on health outcomes.Addressing healthcare disparities and improving access to care in economically distressed neighborhoods is crucial. Targeted interventions, such as community health clinics and asthma education programs, can help mitigate the impact of neighborhood disadvantage.

哮喘是美国公共卫生面临的一项重大挑战，影响着 2500 多万成年人。本研究采用贫困社区指数（DCI）进行分析，调查了马里兰州邻里经济贫困对哮喘相关急诊科（ED）就诊的影响。研究对马里兰州2018年1月至2020年12月的急诊科数据库进行了回顾性分析，重点关注哮喘相关的ED就诊情况。研究涉及185317名ED就诊者，其中大部分为女性（56.3%）和非西班牙裔白人（65.2%）。研究发现，社区社会经济贫困程度的增加与哮喘相关的急诊就诊率之间存在明显关联。最贫困社区的哮喘就诊率最高。与繁荣地区相比，从舒适地区到贫困地区，哮喘相关急诊就诊率逐渐升高（舒适地区：OR = 1.14，贫困地区 OR = 1.65）。其他重要的哮喘预测因素包括肥胖、女性性别、吸烟和年龄偏大。"哮喘相关的急诊就诊率较高与社区经济贫困程度较高之间存在实质性联系，这突出表明了社会经济因素对健康结果的影响。有针对性的干预措施，如社区卫生诊所和哮喘教育计划，有助于减轻邻里劣势的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Air pollution and rhinitis. 空气污染与鼻炎

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1387525

Cristine Secco Rosario, Marilyn Urrutia-Pereira, Margarita Murrieta-Aguttes, Gennaro D'Amato, Debora Carla Chong-Silva, Ricardo Henrique Moreton Godoi, Nelson A Rosario Filho

Rhinitis arises from either allergic or non-allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tissue and nasal secretions, along with structural alterations in the nasal mucosa. The pathways through which air pollution affects rhinitis may diverge from those affecting asthma. This article aims to review the effects of diverse air pollutants on the nose, the correlation of climate change and pollution, and how they aggravate the symptoms of patients with rhinitis.

鼻炎是由鼻粘膜的过敏性或非过敏性炎症引起的，其特点是炎性细胞渗入组织和鼻腔分泌物，同时鼻粘膜结构发生改变。空气污染影响鼻炎的途径可能与影响哮喘的途径不同。本文旨在回顾各种空气污染物对鼻腔的影响、气候变化与污染的相关性，以及它们如何加重鼻炎患者的症状。

引用次数: 0

Omalizumab for the reduction of allergic reactions to foods: a narrative review. 用于减轻食物过敏反应的奥马珠单抗：综述。

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1409342

Hafsa Ghouri, Ashna Habib, Zainab Nazir, Nimerta Lohana, Aymar Akilimali

The frequency of food allergies varies between 2% and 10%, depending on characteristics including age, region, race, and method of diagnosis self-reported by patients or oral food challenges (OFCs). The most common allergies reported are tree nuts (1.2%), milk (1.9%), peanuts (2.2%), and shellfish (1.3%). Omalizumab injection has now been approved by the FDA for the treatment of immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies in specific adults and children aged one year or older. This medication reduces the risk of allergic reactions (Type I), which can include anaphylaxis, when an individual accidentally encounters one or more food allergens. Omalizumab functions by binding to IgE and altering IgE-mediated pathways, which lessens IgE's capacity to cause allergic reactions. Promising outcomes from clinical trials and case studies include lowered anaphylactic risk and enhanced tolerance to allergens. Omalizumab, however, may have adverse effects; thus, close observation is required. Overall, this review sheds light on the efficacy, safety, and clinical implications of omalizumab, highlighting its potential as a useful intervention for IgE-mediated food allergies.

食物过敏的发生率介于 2% 和 10% 之间，具体取决于年龄、地区、种族、患者自我报告的诊断方法或口服食物试验（OFCs）等特征。最常见的过敏是树坚果（1.2%）、牛奶（1.9%）、花生（2.2%）和贝类（1.3%）。奥马珠单抗注射液现已获得美国食品及药物管理局批准，用于治疗特定成人和一岁或以上儿童由免疫球蛋白 E 介导的食物过敏。这种药物可以降低过敏反应（I型）的风险，当一个人意外遇到一种或多种食物过敏原时，过敏反应可能包括过敏性休克。奥马珠单抗通过与 IgE 结合，改变 IgE 介导的途径，从而降低 IgE 引起过敏反应的能力。临床试验和病例研究结果表明，奥马珠单抗可降低过敏反应风险，增强对过敏原的耐受性。不过，奥马珠单抗可能会产生不良反应，因此需要密切观察。总之，本综述揭示了奥马珠单抗的疗效、安全性和临床意义，强调了其作为 IgE 介导的食物过敏的有效干预措施的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Immunotherapeutic implications on targeting the cytokines produced in rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions. 针对鼻病毒诱导的免疫反应中产生的细胞因子的免疫治疗意义。

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1427762

Le Sang, Xia Gong, Yunlei Huang, Linling Zhang, Jian Sun

Rhinovirus is a widespread virus associated with several respiratory diseases, especially asthma exacerbation. Currently, there are no accurate therapies for rhinovirus. Encouragingly, it is found that during rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions the levels of certain cytokines in patients' serum will alter. These cytokines may have pivotal pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects via their specific mechanisms. Thus far, studies have shown that inhibitions of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-18, IL-25, and IL-33 may attenuate rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions, thereby relieving rhinovirus infection. Furthermore, such therapeutics for rhinovirus infection can be applied to viruses of other species, with certain practicability.

鼻病毒是一种广泛存在的病毒，与多种呼吸道疾病（尤其是哮喘加重）有关。目前，还没有针对鼻病毒的精确疗法。令人鼓舞的是，研究发现，在鼻病毒诱发免疫反应期间，患者血清中某些细胞因子的水平会发生变化。这些细胞因子可能通过其特定机制产生关键的促炎或抗炎作用。目前的研究表明，抑制 IL-1、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-13、IL-18、IL-25 和 IL-33 等细胞因子可减轻鼻病毒引起的免疫反应，从而缓解鼻病毒感染。此外，这些治疗鼻病毒感染的药物也可用于其他种类的病毒，具有一定的实用性。

引用次数: 0

Editorial: 2022 in review: allergen immunotherapy 社论：2022 年回顾：过敏原免疫疗法

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1431413

Linda Cox, Mike Kulis

引用次数: 0

5-HTP inhibits eosinophilia via intracellular endothelial 5-HTRs; SNPs in 5-HTRs associate with asthmatic lung function 5-HTP 通过细胞内皮 5-HTR 抑制嗜酸性粒细胞增多；5-HTR 的 SNP 与哮喘患者的肺功能有关

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1385168

Matthew T. Walker, Jeffrey C. Bloodworth, Timothy S. Kountz, Samantha L. McCarty, Jeremy E. Green, R. Ferrie, Jackson A. Campbell, Samantha H. Averill, Kenneth B. Beckman, L. Grammer, C. Eng, Pedro C. Avila, H. Farber, W. Rodriguez-Cintron, J. Rodriguez-Santana, D. Serebrisky, S. Thyne, M. Seibold, E. Burchard, Rajesh Kumar, J. Cook-Mills

Previous research showed that 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), a metabolic precursor of serotonin, reduces allergic lung inflammation by inhibiting eosinophil migration across endothelial monolayers.It is unknown if serotonin receptors are involved in mediating this 5HTP function or if serotonin receptor (HTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associate with lung function in humans.Serotonin receptor subtypes were assessed by qPCR, western blot, confocal microscopy, pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA knockdown. HTR SNPs were assessed in two cohorts.Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of the serotonin receptors HTR1A or HTR1B in endothelial cells abrogated the inhibitory effects of 5HTP on eosinophil transendothelial migration. In contrast, eosinophil transendothelial migration was not inhibited by siRNA knockdown of HTR1A or HTR1B in eosinophils. Surprisingly, these HTRs were intracellular in endothelial cells and an extracellular supplementation with serotonin did not inhibit eosinophil transendothelial migration. This is consistent with the inability of serotonin to cross membranes, the lack of selective serotonin reuptake receptors on endothelial cells, and the studies showing minimal impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on asthma. To extend our HTR studies to humans with asthma, we examined the CHIRAH and GALA cohorts for HTR SNPs that affect HTR function or are associated with behavior disorders. A polygenic index of SNPs in HTRs was associated with lower lung function in asthmatics.Serotonin receptors mediate 5HTP inhibition of transendothelial migration and HTR SNPs associate with lower lung function. These results may serve to aid in design of novel interventions for allergic inflammation.

以前的研究表明，5-羟色氨酸（5HTP）是血清素的代谢前体，它能抑制嗜酸性粒细胞跨内皮单层迁移，从而减轻过敏性肺部炎症。目前尚不清楚血清素受体是否参与介导这种 5HTP 功能，也不清楚血清素受体（HTR）单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）是否与人类肺功能有关。药理抑制或 siRNA 敲除内皮细胞中的羟色胺受体 HTR1A 或 HTR1B 可减弱 5HTP 对嗜酸性粒细胞跨内皮迁移的抑制作用。相反，用 siRNA 敲除嗜酸性粒细胞中的 HTR1A 或 HTR1B 不会抑制嗜酸性粒细胞的跨内皮迁移。令人惊讶的是，这些 HTR 在内皮细胞中处于细胞内状态，在细胞外补充血清素并不能抑制嗜酸性粒细胞的跨内皮迁移。这与血清素无法跨膜、内皮细胞上缺乏选择性血清素再摄取受体以及研究显示选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂对哮喘的影响极小等情况相吻合。为了将 HTR 研究扩展到哮喘患者，我们对 CHIRAH 和 GALA 队列中影响 HTR 功能或与行为障碍相关的 HTR SNP 进行了研究。羟色胺受体介导了 5HTP 对跨内皮细胞迁移的抑制作用，而 HTR SNP 与肺功能降低有关。这些结果可能有助于设计治疗过敏性炎症的新型干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Managing cow's milk protein allergy during the 2022 formula shortage: decision-making among pediatric healthcare providers 2022 年配方奶粉短缺期间的牛奶蛋白过敏管理：儿科医疗服务提供者的决策

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1359103

Lea Oliveros, Jerry M. Brown, A. Fabbrini, A. Farrar, Luke Lamos, J. Florio, Jesse Beacker, Jessica V Baran, Michael J Wilsey

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects 2%-7% of infants and is managed with hypoallergenic formulas. The 2022 recalls of infant formulas due to factors including contamination led to specialty formula shortages, highlighting CMPA management challenges. Understanding healthcare providers' (HCPs) decision-making in transitioning to alternative formulas during shortages is crucial. Limited attention has been given to how pediatric physicians make these choices.This study utilized US HCPs' de-identified survey data to assess driving factors when switching extensively hydrolyzed formulas during shortages.104 eligible HCPs participated, including general pediatrics, pediatric allergy/immunology, and pediatric gastroenterology specialists. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy were identified as top factors for switching formulas. Formula 1 was considered well-tolerated, patient-accepted, and safe by all HCPs. Most expressed strong belief in Formula 1's safety and effectiveness.Findings inform CMPA management during shortages, offering guidance to HCPs for suitable formula selection and enhanced infant care.

2%-7%的婴儿会对牛奶蛋白过敏（CMPA），可通过低敏配方奶粉进行控制。由于污染等因素，2022 年婴儿配方奶粉召回导致特殊配方奶粉短缺，凸显了 CMPA 管理方面的挑战。了解医疗保健提供者（HCP）在短缺期间过渡到替代配方奶粉的决策至关重要。本研究利用美国医疗保健提供者的去标识化调查数据来评估在配方奶粉短缺期间转换广泛水解配方奶粉的驱动因素。104 位符合条件的医疗保健提供者参与了本研究，其中包括普通儿科、儿科过敏/免疫科和儿科胃肠病学专家。安全性、耐受性和有效性被认为是更换配方奶粉的首要因素。所有 HCP 都认为配方 1 具有良好的耐受性、患者接受度和安全性。研究结果为短缺期间的 CMPA 管理提供了参考，为 HCP 选择合适的配方奶粉和加强婴儿护理提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial: 2022 in review: food allergy 社论：2022 年回顾：食物过敏

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1429903

Angel Mazon, A. Muraro, Alexandra F. Santos, Ronald van Ree

引用次数: 0

Pre-asthma: a useful concept? A EUFOREA paper. Part 2—late onset eosinophilic asthma 前哮喘：一个有用的概念？EUFOREA 的论文。第二部分--晚发嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1404735

G. Scadding, C. Gray, D. M. Conti, M. McDonald, V. Backer, G. Scadding, M. Bernal-Sprekelsen, E. De Corso, Z. Diamant, C. Hopkins, M. Jesenak, P. Johansen, J. Kappen, J. Mullol, D. Price, S. Quirce, S. Reitsma, S. Toppila-Salmi, B. Senior, J. P. Thyssen, U. Wahn, P. Hellings

The concept of pre-diabetes has led to provision of measures to reduce disease progression through identification of subjects at risk of diabetes. We previously considered the idea of pre-asthma in relation to allergic asthma and considered that, in addition to the need to improve population health via multiple measures, including reduction of exposure to allergens and pollutants and avoidance of obesity, there are several possible specific means to reduce asthma development in those most at risk (pre- asthma). The most obvious is allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which when given for allergic rhinitis (AR) has reasonable evidence to support asthma prevention in children (2) but also needs further study as primary prevention. In this second paper we explore the possibilities for similar actions in late onset eosinophilic asthma.

糖尿病前期的概念促使人们采取措施，通过识别糖尿病高危人群来减少疾病的发展。我们曾考虑过与过敏性哮喘有关的哮喘前期概念，并认为除了需要通过多种措施（包括减少接触过敏原和污染物以及避免肥胖）来改善人群健康外，还有几种可能的具体方法来减少高危人群（哮喘前期）的哮喘发展。最明显的是过敏原免疫疗法（AIT），这种疗法用于治疗过敏性鼻炎（AR）时，有合理的证据支持预防儿童哮喘（2），但作为一级预防还需要进一步研究。在第二篇论文中，我们探讨了在晚发性嗜酸性粒细胞哮喘中采取类似措施的可能性。

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Novel insights into the ontogeny of basophils 嗜碱性粒细胞发育的新发现

Frontiers in allergy

Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1402841

Kensuke Miyake, Junya Ito, Hajime Karasuyama

Basophils are the least common granulocytes, accounting for <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. In the last 20 years, analytical tools for mouse basophils have been developed, and we now recognize that basophils play critical roles in various immune reactions, including the development of allergic inflammation and protective immunity against parasites. Moreover, the combined use of flow cytometric analyses and knockout mice has uncovered several progenitor cells committed to basophils in mice. Recently, advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have challenged the classical view of the differentiation of various hematopoietic cell lineages. This is also true for basophil differentiation, and studies using scRNA-seq analysis have provided novel insights into basophil differentiation, including the association of basophil differentiation with that of erythrocyte/megakaryocyte and the discovery of novel basophil progenitor cells in the mouse bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of basophil ontogeny in both mice and humans, mainly focusing on studies using scRNA-seq analyses.

嗜碱性粒细胞是最不常见的粒细胞，占外周血白细胞的比例小于 1%。在过去的 20 年中，小鼠嗜碱性粒细胞的分析工具得到了发展，我们现在认识到嗜碱性粒细胞在各种免疫反应中发挥着关键作用，包括过敏性炎症的发生和对寄生虫的保护性免疫。此外，流式细胞分析和基因敲除小鼠的联合使用，发现了小鼠嗜碱性粒细胞的几种祖细胞。最近，单细胞 RNA 测序（scRNA-seq）技术的进步对各种造血细胞系分化的传统观点提出了挑战。使用 scRNA-seq 分析的研究为嗜碱性粒细胞分化提供了新的见解，包括嗜碱性粒细胞分化与红细胞/巨核细胞分化的关联，以及在小鼠骨髓中发现新型嗜碱性粒细胞祖细胞。在这篇综述中，我们总结了小鼠和人类嗜碱性粒细胞本体发育的最新发现，主要侧重于使用 scRNA-seq 分析的研究。

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