Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2024.1415453
Grégory Bana, F. Lamadie, S. Charton, Tojonirina Randriamanantena, Didier Lucor, Nida Sheibat-Othman
A new image processing machine learning algorithm for droplet detection in liquid–liquid systems is here introduced. The method combines three key numerical tools—YOLOv5 for object detection, Blender for synthetic image generation, and CycleGAN for image texturing—and was named “BYG-Drop for Blender-YOLO-CycleGAn” droplet detection. BYG-Drop outperforms traditional image processing techniques in both accuracy and number of droplets detected in digital test cases. When applied to experimental images, it remains consistent with established techniques such as laser diffraction while outperforming other image processing techniques in droplet detection accuracy. The use of synthetic images for training also provides advantages such as training on a large labeled dataset, which prevents false detections. CycleGAN’s texturing also allows quick adaptation to different fluid systems, increasing the versatility of image processing in drop size distribution measurement. Finally, the processing time per image is significantly faster with this approach.
{"title":"BYG-drop: a tool for enhanced droplet detection in liquid–liquid systems through machine learning and synthetic imaging","authors":"Grégory Bana, F. Lamadie, S. Charton, Tojonirina Randriamanantena, Didier Lucor, Nida Sheibat-Othman","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1415453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1415453","url":null,"abstract":"A new image processing machine learning algorithm for droplet detection in liquid–liquid systems is here introduced. The method combines three key numerical tools—YOLOv5 for object detection, Blender for synthetic image generation, and CycleGAN for image texturing—and was named “BYG-Drop for Blender-YOLO-CycleGAn” droplet detection. BYG-Drop outperforms traditional image processing techniques in both accuracy and number of droplets detected in digital test cases. When applied to experimental images, it remains consistent with established techniques such as laser diffraction while outperforming other image processing techniques in droplet detection accuracy. The use of synthetic images for training also provides advantages such as training on a large labeled dataset, which prevents false detections. CycleGAN’s texturing also allows quick adaptation to different fluid systems, increasing the versatility of image processing in drop size distribution measurement. Finally, the processing time per image is significantly faster with this approach.","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2024.1430773
Cristina González-Fernández, E. Bringas, M. Rivero, Inmaculada Ortiz
Semiconductor photocatalysis, heterogeneous photo-Fenton and heterogeneous photocatalytic persulfate activation are light-driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that have attracted much attention as promising technologies in wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, their large-scale application still faces several challenges, including the need to separate the catalyst from the treated water. In this regard, composite catalysts made up of semiconductor and magnetic materials have been understood as a potential alternative since the resulting magnetic photocatalysts can be easily separated from the medium by applying an external magnetic field. Interestingly, apart from facilitating the photocatalyst retrieval, the magnetic components could also be involved in the photocatalytic process. However, while the magnetic separation ability has been widely highlighted, other functions of the magnetic constituents remain obscure. This work, which covers the last 6 years of research, provides a comprehensive review on the magnetically assisted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from water. Specifically, the magnetic photocatalysts that are commonly employed for that purpose are presented and the different roles of their magnetic constituents (roughly grouped as retrieval assistance, active catalyst, conduction medium or activator) are discussed. Furthermore, the importance of designing magnetic separators for attaining the photocatalyst retrieval is also emphasized. Collectively, this study could supply an avenue for developing magnetic photocatalysts that take advantage of both roles of magnetic materials, which can contribute to accomplish a more efficient pollutant degradation.
{"title":"Revealing the role of magnetic materials in light-driven advanced oxidation processes: enhanced degradation of contaminants and facilitated magnetic recovery","authors":"Cristina González-Fernández, E. Bringas, M. Rivero, Inmaculada Ortiz","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1430773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1430773","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor photocatalysis, heterogeneous photo-Fenton and heterogeneous photocatalytic persulfate activation are light-driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that have attracted much attention as promising technologies in wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, their large-scale application still faces several challenges, including the need to separate the catalyst from the treated water. In this regard, composite catalysts made up of semiconductor and magnetic materials have been understood as a potential alternative since the resulting magnetic photocatalysts can be easily separated from the medium by applying an external magnetic field. Interestingly, apart from facilitating the photocatalyst retrieval, the magnetic components could also be involved in the photocatalytic process. However, while the magnetic separation ability has been widely highlighted, other functions of the magnetic constituents remain obscure. This work, which covers the last 6 years of research, provides a comprehensive review on the magnetically assisted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from water. Specifically, the magnetic photocatalysts that are commonly employed for that purpose are presented and the different roles of their magnetic constituents (roughly grouped as retrieval assistance, active catalyst, conduction medium or activator) are discussed. Furthermore, the importance of designing magnetic separators for attaining the photocatalyst retrieval is also emphasized. Collectively, this study could supply an avenue for developing magnetic photocatalysts that take advantage of both roles of magnetic materials, which can contribute to accomplish a more efficient pollutant degradation.","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2024.1388456
Samarth D. Palav, Ana I. Torres, L. Biegler
As the consumption of electronics increases worldwide, significant strain is posed on both the availability of mineral resources and the accumulation of waste due to their disposal. Recovering valuable minerals from e-waste can potentially alleviate both. This paper discusses the systematic design of processes for the recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB). After reviewing the relevant processing steps, the generation of processing superstructures is explained. Next, a formulation of the optimization problem is presented to identify the best processing pathway, and the use of process simulators to specify optimization-relevant parameters. These ideas are described in detail via a WPCB to metals case study.
{"title":"Systematic conceptual design strategies for the recovery of metals from E-waste","authors":"Samarth D. Palav, Ana I. Torres, L. Biegler","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1388456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1388456","url":null,"abstract":"As the consumption of electronics increases worldwide, significant strain is posed on both the availability of mineral resources and the accumulation of waste due to their disposal. Recovering valuable minerals from e-waste can potentially alleviate both. This paper discusses the systematic design of processes for the recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB). After reviewing the relevant processing steps, the generation of processing superstructures is explained. Next, a formulation of the optimization problem is presented to identify the best processing pathway, and the use of process simulators to specify optimization-relevant parameters. These ideas are described in detail via a WPCB to metals case study.","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temporary plugging and fracturing is an important technology for the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. Due to the diverse physical properties of unconventional reservoirs and the complex stress environment, the evaluation of temporary plugging effect needs to consider the working conditions in the wells, and it also needs to focus on the transport and placement of temporary plugging agent in the near-well fracture region, so it is impossible to predict the effect of temporary plugging and fracturing effectively. In this paper, a numerical simulation study is carried out to investigate the transport and placement of temporary plugging agent in the near-well area, and a finite element model of “wellbore-near-well fracture” is established based on computational fluid dynamics, and numerical simulation and verification of temporary plugging and fracturing are carried out based on the fiber-optic monitoring data of temporary plugging and fracturing in Well A, as well as the optimization of some construction parameters. The results show that: as the volume concentration of temporary plugging agent increases, the temporary plugging effect is weakened and then strengthened, and the temporary plugging agent will enter into the heel cluster in advance when the concentration is small; at the initial stage, the increase in the quality of temporary plugging agent will cause some clusters to form incomplete plugging, but the quality of the plugging agent will not be changed after the quality is greater than 360kg; the temporary plugging effect is mainly reflected in the heel cluster, and the toe cluster is not obvious. This paper forms a set of temporary plugging and fracturing simulation methods based on the actual fiber-optic monitoring data in the field, which provides a reference for the optimization design of the type, particle size and dosage of temporary plugging agent during the temporary plugging construction process.
{"title":"Simulation of temporary plugging agent transport and optimization of fracturing parameters based on fiber optic monitoring data","authors":"Jingchen Zhang, Xiaodong Guo, Mingxing Wang, Li Jie, Shanzhi Shi, Guangcong Ren","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1324907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1324907","url":null,"abstract":"Temporary plugging and fracturing is an important technology for the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. Due to the diverse physical properties of unconventional reservoirs and the complex stress environment, the evaluation of temporary plugging effect needs to consider the working conditions in the wells, and it also needs to focus on the transport and placement of temporary plugging agent in the near-well fracture region, so it is impossible to predict the effect of temporary plugging and fracturing effectively. In this paper, a numerical simulation study is carried out to investigate the transport and placement of temporary plugging agent in the near-well area, and a finite element model of “wellbore-near-well fracture” is established based on computational fluid dynamics, and numerical simulation and verification of temporary plugging and fracturing are carried out based on the fiber-optic monitoring data of temporary plugging and fracturing in Well A, as well as the optimization of some construction parameters. The results show that: as the volume concentration of temporary plugging agent increases, the temporary plugging effect is weakened and then strengthened, and the temporary plugging agent will enter into the heel cluster in advance when the concentration is small; at the initial stage, the increase in the quality of temporary plugging agent will cause some clusters to form incomplete plugging, but the quality of the plugging agent will not be changed after the quality is greater than 360kg; the temporary plugging effect is mainly reflected in the heel cluster, and the toe cluster is not obvious. This paper forms a set of temporary plugging and fracturing simulation methods based on the actual fiber-optic monitoring data in the field, which provides a reference for the optimization design of the type, particle size and dosage of temporary plugging agent during the temporary plugging construction process.","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2024.1412081
Santhana Krishnan, M. Nasrullah, Prabhu Saravanan, Mohd Fadhil Bin Md Din
{"title":"Editorial: Bioprocess designing towards clean energy production from industrial wastewater","authors":"Santhana Krishnan, M. Nasrullah, Prabhu Saravanan, Mohd Fadhil Bin Md Din","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1412081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1412081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2024.1391673
Thibaut Neveux, J. Commenge, Florence Vermeire
{"title":"Editorial: Artificial intelligence-assisted design of sustainable processes","authors":"Thibaut Neveux, J. Commenge, Florence Vermeire","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1391673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1391673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2024.1396814
Jurriaan Boon, Isabel Martínez, Sergio Rojas, Miguel Angel Soria
{"title":"Editorial: Adsorption-enhanced reactions design, engineering and optimization","authors":"Jurriaan Boon, Isabel Martínez, Sergio Rojas, Miguel Angel Soria","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1396814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1396814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2024.1362466
F. O. Alfano, Giovanni Iozzi, F. P. Di Maio, A. Di Renzo
Modelling particulate systems with the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is an established practice, both in the representation and analysis of natural phenomena and in scale-up and optimization of industrial processes. Since the method allows tracking individual particles, each element can possess geometrical, physical, mechanical or chemical surface properties different from those of the other particles. One example is a polydisperse particulate system, i.e., characterized by a size distribution, opposed to the idealized monodisperse case. In conventional DEM, a softer particle stiffness is commonly adopted to reduce the computational time. It might happen that artificially soft particles, when colliding against a wall boundary, exhibit such large, unrealistic overlap that they “pass through” the wall and exit the domain. In the case of highly polydisperse systems, this often occurs when fine particles are pushed against the wall by coarse particles with masses several orders of magnitude larger. In the manuscript, a novel method is proposed, named thick wall, to allow the particles in contact with the walls to experience relatively large overlaps without ending up ejected out the domain. In particular, a careful way to calculate the particle-wall overlap and force unit vector can accommodate normal displacements larger than the maximum usually allowed, i.e., typically the particle radius, thereby preventing particles from being expelled from the domain. First, critical velocities for which single particles and pairs of fine/coarse particle escape the domain are analytically characterized using the linear and the Hertz models. The thick wall concept is then introduced and its effect on the maximum critical velocity is demonstrated with both contact models. Finally, application to pharmaceutical powder composed of carrier (coarse) and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) (fine) particles in a shaken capsule prove this to be an example of vulnerability to the phenomenon of fine particle ejection and to significantly benefit from the thick wall modification.
使用离散元素法（DEM）对微粒系统进行建模，无论是在自然现象的表示和分析方面，还是在工业流程的放大和优化方面，都是一种成熟的做法。由于该方法可以跟踪单个颗粒，因此每个元素都可以拥有不同于其他颗粒的几何、物理、机械或化学表面特性。其中一个例子是多分散颗粒系统，即与理想化的单分散情况相反，具有粒度分布的特点。在传统的 DEM 中，通常采用较软的颗粒刚度来减少计算时间。可能出现的情况是，人工软颗粒在与墙壁边界碰撞时，会表现出很大的、不切实际的重叠，以至于 "穿过 "墙壁并离开域。在高度多分散系统中，当质量大几个数量级的粗颗粒将细颗粒推向壁时，往往会出现这种情况。手稿中提出了一种名为 "厚壁 "的新方法，可让与壁接触的颗粒经历相对较大的重叠，而不会最终被弹出域外。特别是，通过仔细计算粒子-壁重叠和力单位向量，可以容纳大于通常允许的最大法向位移，即通常的粒子半径，从而防止粒子被挤出畴。首先，使用线性模型和赫兹模型对单个颗粒和成对的细/粗颗粒逃离畴的临界速度进行了分析。然后引入厚壁概念，并用这两种接触模型证明其对最大临界速度的影响。最后，将其应用于摇动胶囊中由载体（粗颗粒）和活性药物成分（API）（细颗粒）组成的药粉，证明这是一个易受细颗粒喷出现象影响的例子，并能显著受益于厚壁改性。
{"title":"A thick wall concept for robust treatment of contacts in DEM simulation of highly polydisperse particulate systems","authors":"F. O. Alfano, Giovanni Iozzi, F. P. Di Maio, A. Di Renzo","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1362466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1362466","url":null,"abstract":"Modelling particulate systems with the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is an established practice, both in the representation and analysis of natural phenomena and in scale-up and optimization of industrial processes. Since the method allows tracking individual particles, each element can possess geometrical, physical, mechanical or chemical surface properties different from those of the other particles. One example is a polydisperse particulate system, i.e., characterized by a size distribution, opposed to the idealized monodisperse case. In conventional DEM, a softer particle stiffness is commonly adopted to reduce the computational time. It might happen that artificially soft particles, when colliding against a wall boundary, exhibit such large, unrealistic overlap that they “pass through” the wall and exit the domain. In the case of highly polydisperse systems, this often occurs when fine particles are pushed against the wall by coarse particles with masses several orders of magnitude larger. In the manuscript, a novel method is proposed, named thick wall, to allow the particles in contact with the walls to experience relatively large overlaps without ending up ejected out the domain. In particular, a careful way to calculate the particle-wall overlap and force unit vector can accommodate normal displacements larger than the maximum usually allowed, i.e., typically the particle radius, thereby preventing particles from being expelled from the domain. First, critical velocities for which single particles and pairs of fine/coarse particle escape the domain are analytically characterized using the linear and the Hertz models. The thick wall concept is then introduced and its effect on the maximum critical velocity is demonstrated with both contact models. Finally, application to pharmaceutical powder composed of carrier (coarse) and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) (fine) particles in a shaken capsule prove this to be an example of vulnerability to the phenomenon of fine particle ejection and to significantly benefit from the thick wall modification.","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2023.1303357
Maggi Laan, D. Strawn, Z. Kayler, B. Cade‐Menun, Gregory Möller
The excessive application of dairy manure to soils to supply plant nutrients can result in increased offsite nutrient transport and degraded water quality. However, by concentrating nutrients from dairy-waste onto biochar or as biosolids, a viable alternative fertilizer can be produced that will benefit soil health, promote carbon sequestration, and decrease nutrient leaching into surface waters. In this study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess soil phosphorus (P) speciation and barley plant growth in soils amended with dairy-waste treated biochar and fermented manure. Phosphorus characterization in the post-harvest soils was determined using selective extractions, 31P-NMR and XANES spectroscopy, and isotopic tracing (P-δ18O). Selective extractions and NMR spectroscopy revealed that most of the P in the amended soils occurred as inorganic species (>85%). XANES spectroscopy further showed that the soil P occurred as either calcium-P minerals (54%–87%) or adsorbed P (0%–46%) species. Analysis by P-δ18O in water and sodium bicarbonate extractions of the treated soils showed that the water-extracted P pool is cycled much faster than the sodium bicarbonate extracted P. Although less than 10% of the total P in the dairy-derived bioproducts was extracted using water, plant productivity in the soils treated with these amendments was the same as that in soils treated with equivalent amounts of conventional nitrogen and P fertilizer. This suggests that dairy-derived bioproducts are good soil amendments to supply nutrients and limit leaching.
在土壤中过量施用奶牛粪便以提供植物养分，会导致异地养分迁移增加和水质恶化。然而，通过将奶制品废弃物中的养分集中到生物炭或生物固体上，可以生产出一种可行的替代肥料，有利于土壤健康，促进碳固存，并减少养分向地表水的沥滤。在这项研究中，我们进行了一项温室实验，以评估经奶牛废弃物处理的生物炭和发酵粪肥改良土壤中的土壤磷（P）种类和大麦植物生长情况。利用选择性萃取、31P-NMR 和 XANES 光谱以及同位素追踪（P-δ18O）确定了收获后土壤中磷的特征。选择性萃取和核磁共振光谱显示，改良土壤中的大部分钾都是无机物（>85%）。XANES 光谱进一步显示，土壤中的钾是以钙钾矿物（54%-87%）或吸附钾（0%-46%）的形式存在的。通过对水和碳酸氢钠提取物中的 P-δ18O 进行分析表明，水提取的 P 池的循环速度比碳酸氢钠提取的 P 快得多。虽然水提取的 P 不到乳制品衍生生物产品中总 P 的 10%，但使用这些添加剂处理过的土壤中的植物生产力与使用等量传统氮肥和磷肥处理过的土壤中的植物生产力相同。这表明，奶制品生物制品是良好的土壤改良剂，可提供养分并限制沥滤。
{"title":"Phosphorus availability and speciation in soils amended with upcycled dairy-waste nutrients","authors":"Maggi Laan, D. Strawn, Z. Kayler, B. Cade‐Menun, Gregory Möller","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2023.1303357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2023.1303357","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive application of dairy manure to soils to supply plant nutrients can result in increased offsite nutrient transport and degraded water quality. However, by concentrating nutrients from dairy-waste onto biochar or as biosolids, a viable alternative fertilizer can be produced that will benefit soil health, promote carbon sequestration, and decrease nutrient leaching into surface waters. In this study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess soil phosphorus (P) speciation and barley plant growth in soils amended with dairy-waste treated biochar and fermented manure. Phosphorus characterization in the post-harvest soils was determined using selective extractions, 31P-NMR and XANES spectroscopy, and isotopic tracing (P-δ18O). Selective extractions and NMR spectroscopy revealed that most of the P in the amended soils occurred as inorganic species (>85%). XANES spectroscopy further showed that the soil P occurred as either calcium-P minerals (54%–87%) or adsorbed P (0%–46%) species. Analysis by P-δ18O in water and sodium bicarbonate extractions of the treated soils showed that the water-extracted P pool is cycled much faster than the sodium bicarbonate extracted P. Although less than 10% of the total P in the dairy-derived bioproducts was extracted using water, plant productivity in the soils treated with these amendments was the same as that in soils treated with equivalent amounts of conventional nitrogen and P fertilizer. This suggests that dairy-derived bioproducts are good soil amendments to supply nutrients and limit leaching.","PeriodicalId":73073,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in chemical engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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