Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1216462
B. Whitaker, R. Heiniger, C. Hawkes
Agricultural intensification causes plant diversity loss and environmental homogenization, which may result in changes to plant-microbiome interactions mediating plant growth and stress tolerance. We hypothesized that foliar fungal microbiomes would depend on plant traits and environmental filters, constrained by neighboring vegetation expected to serve as a fungal source. Thus, we sampled foliar fungi from four crops (three annual and one perennial), four sites per crop, and three varieties per annual crop, across a 500-km expanse in North Carolina, USA and tested the role of host traits, environmental traits, and vegetative landcover on foliar fungal community structure. Crop species and site were major determinants of community structure, primarily due to differences in plant size and growing season. Site consistently explained 10× more variation in community structure than host variety across the annual crops. Finally, reduced natural vegetative cover surrounding farms was correlated with decreased fungal richness and more homogeneous microbiome assembly. Based on these results, we posit that foliar fungal assembly in crops results from host and environmental filters acting on inputs from the nearby vegetation. Future efforts at agricultural microbiome management must therefore consider landscape management and will require an improved understanding of how agricultural intensification alters microbial source pools.
{"title":"Foliar fungal communities in agroecosystems depend on crop identity and neighboring vegetation","authors":"B. Whitaker, R. Heiniger, C. Hawkes","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1216462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1216462","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural intensification causes plant diversity loss and environmental homogenization, which may result in changes to plant-microbiome interactions mediating plant growth and stress tolerance. We hypothesized that foliar fungal microbiomes would depend on plant traits and environmental filters, constrained by neighboring vegetation expected to serve as a fungal source. Thus, we sampled foliar fungi from four crops (three annual and one perennial), four sites per crop, and three varieties per annual crop, across a 500-km expanse in North Carolina, USA and tested the role of host traits, environmental traits, and vegetative landcover on foliar fungal community structure. Crop species and site were major determinants of community structure, primarily due to differences in plant size and growing season. Site consistently explained 10× more variation in community structure than host variety across the annual crops. Finally, reduced natural vegetative cover surrounding farms was correlated with decreased fungal richness and more homogeneous microbiome assembly. Based on these results, we posit that foliar fungal assembly in crops results from host and environmental filters acting on inputs from the nearby vegetation. Future efforts at agricultural microbiome management must therefore consider landscape management and will require an improved understanding of how agricultural intensification alters microbial source pools.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75143291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1102315
M. L. Smith, C. O'Neill, Mark R Dickinson, Bhaven Chavan, A. McBain
Recent studies have provided strong evidence of a functional link between the microbiota of the skin and overall host health. While sunscreens offer protection against acute and chronic dermatological damage by reflecting, absorbing and scattering ultraviolet radiation, their impact on the skin microbiota is poorly understood. The use of sunscreens may affect the skin microbiota directly or indirectly through mechanisms associated with UV protection, and conversely, the microbiota could mediate or alleviate UV-induced skin damage. Here we consider opportunities for the development of improved sunscreens including formulas that work in tandem with skin commensal microorganisms or which minimise direct effects on the skin microbiota.
{"title":"Exploring associations between skin, the dermal microbiome, and ultraviolet radiation: advancing possibilities for next-generation sunscreens","authors":"M. L. Smith, C. O'Neill, Mark R Dickinson, Bhaven Chavan, A. McBain","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1102315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1102315","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have provided strong evidence of a functional link between the microbiota of the skin and overall host health. While sunscreens offer protection against acute and chronic dermatological damage by reflecting, absorbing and scattering ultraviolet radiation, their impact on the skin microbiota is poorly understood. The use of sunscreens may affect the skin microbiota directly or indirectly through mechanisms associated with UV protection, and conversely, the microbiota could mediate or alleviate UV-induced skin damage. Here we consider opportunities for the development of improved sunscreens including formulas that work in tandem with skin commensal microorganisms or which minimise direct effects on the skin microbiota.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90480452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1170824
M. Scaturro, F. Del Chierico, Y. Motro, Angeliki Chaldoupi, A. Flountzi, Jacob Moran-Gilad, A. Girolamo, Thomai Koutsiomani, B. Krogulska, D. Lindsay, R. Matuszewska, Georgios T. Papageorgiou, K. Pancer, Nikolaos Panoussis, M. Rota, S. Uldum, E. Velonakis, Dominique L. Chaput, M. Ricci
Introduction Legionella species are Gram negative, facultative, intracellular bacteria found in natural and engineered water systems. Understanding the bacterial interactions underlying the success of Legionella in aquatic environments could be beneficial for control. Materials and methods We aimed to profile, by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V3-V4), the bacterial communities in premise plumbing systems of buildings in four European cities (Copenhagen, Warsaw, Rome, Athens), and identify positive and negative associations of specific community members to culturable Legionella. Results The coarse taxonomic composition was similar across the four cities, but Copenhagen and Warsaw had richer, more diverse communities than Athens and Rome, with a greater number of city-specific amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The cities had statistically significant differences in bacterial communities at the ASV level, with relatively few shared ASVs. Out of 5,128 ASVs, 73 were classified as Legionella, and one or more of these were detected in most samples from each city (88.1% overall). Interestingly, the relative abundance of Legionella ASVs did not correlate with Legionella culture status. Overall, 44.2% of samples were Legionella culture positive: 71.4% in Warsaw, 62.2% in Athens, 22.2% in Rome, and 15.2% in Copenhagen. 54 specific ASVs and 42 genera had significant positive or negative associations with culturable Legionella. Negative associations included Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. Positive associations included several Nitrospira ASVs and one classified as Nitrosomodaceae oc32, ASVs in the amoeba-associated genera Craurococcus-Caldovatus and Reyranella, and the predatory genus Bdellovibrio. Discussion Some of these associations are well supported by laboratory studies, but others are the opposite of what was expected. This highlights the difficulties in translating pure culture results to in complex real-life scenarios. However, these positive and negative associations held across the four cities, across multiple buildings and plumbing compartments. This is important because developing better control measures, including probiotic approaches, will require an understanding of ecological relationships that can be generalised across different engineered water systems.
{"title":"Premise plumbing bacterial communities in four European cities and their association with Legionella","authors":"M. Scaturro, F. Del Chierico, Y. Motro, Angeliki Chaldoupi, A. Flountzi, Jacob Moran-Gilad, A. Girolamo, Thomai Koutsiomani, B. Krogulska, D. Lindsay, R. Matuszewska, Georgios T. Papageorgiou, K. Pancer, Nikolaos Panoussis, M. Rota, S. Uldum, E. Velonakis, Dominique L. Chaput, M. Ricci","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1170824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1170824","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Legionella species are Gram negative, facultative, intracellular bacteria found in natural and engineered water systems. Understanding the bacterial interactions underlying the success of Legionella in aquatic environments could be beneficial for control. Materials and methods We aimed to profile, by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V3-V4), the bacterial communities in premise plumbing systems of buildings in four European cities (Copenhagen, Warsaw, Rome, Athens), and identify positive and negative associations of specific community members to culturable Legionella. Results The coarse taxonomic composition was similar across the four cities, but Copenhagen and Warsaw had richer, more diverse communities than Athens and Rome, with a greater number of city-specific amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The cities had statistically significant differences in bacterial communities at the ASV level, with relatively few shared ASVs. Out of 5,128 ASVs, 73 were classified as Legionella, and one or more of these were detected in most samples from each city (88.1% overall). Interestingly, the relative abundance of Legionella ASVs did not correlate with Legionella culture status. Overall, 44.2% of samples were Legionella culture positive: 71.4% in Warsaw, 62.2% in Athens, 22.2% in Rome, and 15.2% in Copenhagen. 54 specific ASVs and 42 genera had significant positive or negative associations with culturable Legionella. Negative associations included Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. Positive associations included several Nitrospira ASVs and one classified as Nitrosomodaceae oc32, ASVs in the amoeba-associated genera Craurococcus-Caldovatus and Reyranella, and the predatory genus Bdellovibrio. Discussion Some of these associations are well supported by laboratory studies, but others are the opposite of what was expected. This highlights the difficulties in translating pure culture results to in complex real-life scenarios. However, these positive and negative associations held across the four cities, across multiple buildings and plumbing compartments. This is important because developing better control measures, including probiotic approaches, will require an understanding of ecological relationships that can be generalised across different engineered water systems.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84883271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1156797
Emmanuel N. Njoku, W. Mottawea, H. Hassan, R. Hammami
Arabinoxylan (AX) is an essential component of dietary fiber with potential prebiotic properties. However, owing to its complex structure, fermentation of AX by gut microbes is structure dependent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bioengineered wheat AX on the metabolism and composition of gut microbiota using an in vitro fermentation model. We compared the effect of bioengineered AX with that of untreated AX and a control. Structurally modified AX did not significantly alter gut microbiome composition within 48 h of treatment; however, it enhanced the abundance of health-promoting bacterial taxa, such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Anaerofustis, and Eubacterium. Furthermore, the bioengineered AX significantly increased the level of acetate produced over 24 h. The amount of microbiota-generated butyrate was significantly increased 24 h after adding α-L-arabinofuranosidase-treated AX. AX treated with the α-L-arabinofuranosidase B25 enzyme induced higher levels of production of total short-chain fatty acids by the microbiota from four donors. The results of this study provide evidence that enzymatic structural modification of AX has the potential to modulate gut microbiome composition and metabolic activities.
阿拉伯木聚糖(AX)是膳食纤维的重要组成部分，具有潜在的益生元特性。然而，由于其复杂的结构，肠道微生物发酵的AX是结构依赖的。在这项研究中，我们通过体外发酵模型评估了生物工程小麦AX对肠道微生物群代谢和组成的影响。我们比较了生物工程AX与未处理AX和对照的效果。经结构修饰的AX在48 h内未显著改变肠道微生物组组成;然而，它增加了有益健康的细菌类群的丰度，如拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、厌氧菌和真细菌。此外，经过生物工程处理的AX在24 h内显著提高了乙酸酯的产量。添加α- l -阿拉伯糖醛酸苷酶处理的AX在24 h内显著提高了微生物丁酸酯的产量。α- l -阿拉伯糖醛酸苷酶B25酶处理的AX诱导来自四个供体的微生物群产生更高水平的总短链脂肪酸。本研究的结果提供了证据，证明酶的结构修饰具有调节肠道微生物组成和代谢活性的潜力。
{"title":"Prebiotic capacity of novel bioengineered wheat arabinoxylans in a batch culture model of the human gut microbiota","authors":"Emmanuel N. Njoku, W. Mottawea, H. Hassan, R. Hammami","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1156797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1156797","url":null,"abstract":"Arabinoxylan (AX) is an essential component of dietary fiber with potential prebiotic properties. However, owing to its complex structure, fermentation of AX by gut microbes is structure dependent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bioengineered wheat AX on the metabolism and composition of gut microbiota using an in vitro fermentation model. We compared the effect of bioengineered AX with that of untreated AX and a control. Structurally modified AX did not significantly alter gut microbiome composition within 48 h of treatment; however, it enhanced the abundance of health-promoting bacterial taxa, such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Anaerofustis, and Eubacterium. Furthermore, the bioengineered AX significantly increased the level of acetate produced over 24 h. The amount of microbiota-generated butyrate was significantly increased 24 h after adding α-L-arabinofuranosidase-treated AX. AX treated with the α-L-arabinofuranosidase B25 enzyme induced higher levels of production of total short-chain fatty acids by the microbiota from four donors. The results of this study provide evidence that enzymatic structural modification of AX has the potential to modulate gut microbiome composition and metabolic activities.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"688 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76877087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1067019
J. Galeeva, E. Starikova, Dmitry E. Fedorov, A. Manolov, A. Pavlenko, D. Konanov, D.V. Krivonos, V. Babenko, K. Klimina, V. Veselovsky, Maxim D. Morozov, I. Gafurov, R. Gaifullina, V. Govorun, E. Ilina
The microbiota of the respiratory tract remains a relatively poorly studied subject. At the same time, it is involved in modulating the immune response to infectious agents in the host organism, just like the intestinal microbiota. A relationship between the composition of the respiratory microbiota and the likelihood of development and the severity of COVID-19 may be assumed. In this study, we applied the 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to analyze the oropharyngeal swabs from 120 COVID-19 patients collected during the first and the second waves of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia. Differential abundance analysis with respect to comorbidities suggested association of Neisseria oralis, Neisseria mucosa, unidentified Veillonella spp., Lautropia mirabilis species with more severe lung damage, and Streptococcus salivarius, Capnocytophaga sputigena and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus with a milder course of the disease. We hypothesize that the latter bacteria (or some of them) might be beneficial for the respiratory tract and might be able to alleviate the course of the COVID-19 disease.
{"title":"Microbial communities of the upper respiratory tract in mild and severe COVID-19 patients: a possible link with the disease course","authors":"J. Galeeva, E. Starikova, Dmitry E. Fedorov, A. Manolov, A. Pavlenko, D. Konanov, D.V. Krivonos, V. Babenko, K. Klimina, V. Veselovsky, Maxim D. Morozov, I. Gafurov, R. Gaifullina, V. Govorun, E. Ilina","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1067019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1067019","url":null,"abstract":"The microbiota of the respiratory tract remains a relatively poorly studied subject. At the same time, it is involved in modulating the immune response to infectious agents in the host organism, just like the intestinal microbiota. A relationship between the composition of the respiratory microbiota and the likelihood of development and the severity of COVID-19 may be assumed. In this study, we applied the 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to analyze the oropharyngeal swabs from 120 COVID-19 patients collected during the first and the second waves of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia. Differential abundance analysis with respect to comorbidities suggested association of Neisseria oralis, Neisseria mucosa, unidentified Veillonella spp., Lautropia mirabilis species with more severe lung damage, and Streptococcus salivarius, Capnocytophaga sputigena and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus with a milder course of the disease. We hypothesize that the latter bacteria (or some of them) might be beneficial for the respiratory tract and might be able to alleviate the course of the COVID-19 disease.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90928864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1072059
J. Song, Joung Ouk Ryan Kim, S. Yoon, M. Kwon, C. Ki
Introduction Several animal and clinical studies have reported that the state of the human gut microbiome is associated with hypertension. In this study, we investigated the association between the gut microbiome and hypertension in a Korean population from an enterotypic perspective. Methods A total of 623 participants were enrolled from a healthcare center and classified into four enterotypes, Bacteroides1- (Bac1), Bacteroides2- (Bac2), Prevotella- (Pre), and Ruminococcus enterotype-like-composition (Rum). Results When comparing the four enterotypes, clinical characteristics related to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and blood pressure were significantly associated with th e enterotypes, showing unfavorable associations with the Bac2 group and the opposite for the Rum group. Similarly, the prevalence of hypertension was highest in the Bac2 group and lowest in the Rum group. When analyzing the association between gut microbiota and blood pressure for each enterotype, gut microbial features of lower diversity, depletion of important short chain fatty acid-producing taxa, such as Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Anaerostipes, and enrichment of lipopolysaccharide -producing taxa, such as Megamonas, were found only in the dysbiotic Bac2 group. Discussion From an enterotype perspective, this study on a large Korean cohort shows that low-diversity Bacteroides2-enterotype-like composition is associated with hypertension, while the reverse is true for high-diversity Ruminococcus-enterotype-like composition and, to a limited degree, Bacteroides1-enterotype-like composition. In addition, we suggest that the effect of gut microbiota-mediated risk of hypertension could be modulated by altering the gut microbiome via diet. Dietary intervention trials promoting a balanced Korean diet instead of a more Western alternative may provide more definitive evidence for the involvement and role of the gut microbiome in relation to blood pressure.
{"title":"The association between gut microbiome and hypertension varies according to enterotypes: a Korean study","authors":"J. Song, Joung Ouk Ryan Kim, S. Yoon, M. Kwon, C. Ki","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1072059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1072059","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Several animal and clinical studies have reported that the state of the human gut microbiome is associated with hypertension. In this study, we investigated the association between the gut microbiome and hypertension in a Korean population from an enterotypic perspective. Methods A total of 623 participants were enrolled from a healthcare center and classified into four enterotypes, Bacteroides1- (Bac1), Bacteroides2- (Bac2), Prevotella- (Pre), and Ruminococcus enterotype-like-composition (Rum). Results When comparing the four enterotypes, clinical characteristics related to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and blood pressure were significantly associated with th e enterotypes, showing unfavorable associations with the Bac2 group and the opposite for the Rum group. Similarly, the prevalence of hypertension was highest in the Bac2 group and lowest in the Rum group. When analyzing the association between gut microbiota and blood pressure for each enterotype, gut microbial features of lower diversity, depletion of important short chain fatty acid-producing taxa, such as Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Anaerostipes, and enrichment of lipopolysaccharide -producing taxa, such as Megamonas, were found only in the dysbiotic Bac2 group. Discussion From an enterotype perspective, this study on a large Korean cohort shows that low-diversity Bacteroides2-enterotype-like composition is associated with hypertension, while the reverse is true for high-diversity Ruminococcus-enterotype-like composition and, to a limited degree, Bacteroides1-enterotype-like composition. In addition, we suggest that the effect of gut microbiota-mediated risk of hypertension could be modulated by altering the gut microbiome via diet. Dietary intervention trials promoting a balanced Korean diet instead of a more Western alternative may provide more definitive evidence for the involvement and role of the gut microbiome in relation to blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73405421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1174034
B. Walusimbi, Melissa A. E. Lawson, J. Nassuuna, D. Kateete, E. Webb, R. Grencis, A. Elliott
The gut microbiome is important in shaping human health. One key factor that has been proposed to affect the gut microbiome is helminth infection. Unravelling the association and/or interaction between helminth infections and the gut microbiome may reveal new insights into the mechanisms through which parasitic worms impact the prognosis of infections and diseases. While considerable work has gone into reviewing data on the effect of helminth infection on gut microbiome in animal studies, less attention has been given to this area of research in human studies. This study set out to address this through an exhaustive systematic review of literature. Articles were identified through EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Science Direct following a registered protocol (PROSPERO). After assessing methodological quality (ICROMS) and publication bias, a random effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the overall effect that intestinal parasites can have on the human gut microbiome using alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and adjusting for age, sex and antihelminthic treatment taken by individuals. A total of 19 out of 3466 articles were included in the final meta-analysis. Our results show that helminth infection increases the host bacterial diversity, as well as microbial richness. This work further contributes to the understanding of how the gut microbiome structure changes depends on whether one is infected with helminths or not. It also lays the foundation for future research aimed at establishing how these interactions could explain the disparity in phenotypes such as infection, disease and vaccine responses reported in different regions worldwide. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020192182.
肠道微生物群在塑造人类健康方面很重要。已经提出的影响肠道微生物组的一个关键因素是寄生虫感染。揭示寄生虫感染与肠道微生物组之间的关联和/或相互作用可能为寄生虫影响感染和疾病预后的机制提供新的见解。虽然在动物研究中对蠕虫感染对肠道微生物组的影响进行了大量的研究，但在人类研究中对这一领域的研究却很少得到关注。本研究旨在通过对文献的详尽系统回顾来解决这一问题。文章通过EMBASE、MEDLINE、Web of Science和Science Direct按照注册协议(PROSPERO)进行识别。在评估方法学质量(ICROMS)和发表偏倚后，进行随机效应荟萃分析，使用α和β多样性指标，并根据年龄、性别和个体接受的抗寄生虫治疗进行调整，调查肠道寄生虫对人类肠道微生物群的总体影响。3466篇文章中有19篇被纳入最终的meta分析。我们的研究结果表明，蠕虫感染增加了宿主细菌的多样性，以及微生物的丰富度。这项工作进一步有助于理解肠道微生物群结构的变化如何取决于是否感染了蠕虫。它还为未来的研究奠定了基础，旨在确定这些相互作用如何解释世界不同地区报告的感染、疾病和疫苗反应等表型的差异。系统评审注册https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/，标识符CRD42020192182。
{"title":"The effects of helminth infections on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"B. Walusimbi, Melissa A. E. Lawson, J. Nassuuna, D. Kateete, E. Webb, R. Grencis, A. Elliott","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1174034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1174034","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome is important in shaping human health. One key factor that has been proposed to affect the gut microbiome is helminth infection. Unravelling the association and/or interaction between helminth infections and the gut microbiome may reveal new insights into the mechanisms through which parasitic worms impact the prognosis of infections and diseases. While considerable work has gone into reviewing data on the effect of helminth infection on gut microbiome in animal studies, less attention has been given to this area of research in human studies. This study set out to address this through an exhaustive systematic review of literature. Articles were identified through EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Science Direct following a registered protocol (PROSPERO). After assessing methodological quality (ICROMS) and publication bias, a random effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the overall effect that intestinal parasites can have on the human gut microbiome using alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and adjusting for age, sex and antihelminthic treatment taken by individuals. A total of 19 out of 3466 articles were included in the final meta-analysis. Our results show that helminth infection increases the host bacterial diversity, as well as microbial richness. This work further contributes to the understanding of how the gut microbiome structure changes depends on whether one is infected with helminths or not. It also lays the foundation for future research aimed at establishing how these interactions could explain the disparity in phenotypes such as infection, disease and vaccine responses reported in different regions worldwide. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020192182.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86674854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1157681
Alonso Favela, M. Bohn, A. Kent
Plants have a surprising capacity to alter their environmental conditions to create adequate niches for survival and stress tolerance. This process of environmental transformation, commonly referred to as “extended phenotypes” or “niche construction”, has historically been studied in the domain of ecology, but this is a process that is pervasive across the plant kingdom. Furthermore, research is beginning to show that plants’ extended phenotypes shape the assembly and function of closely associated microbial communities. Incorporation and understanding the role that plant-extended phenotypes play in agriculture may offer novel, bioinspired methods to manage our arable soil microbiomes. Here, we review the challenges agriculture faces, the plant extended phenotypes we know to shape the microbiome, and the potential utilization of this knowledge to improve the environmental impact of agriculture. Understanding how plant extended phenotypes shape microbial communities could be a key to creating a sustainable future with both plants and microbiomes in consideration.
{"title":"Application of plant extended phenotypes to manage the agricultural microbiome belowground","authors":"Alonso Favela, M. Bohn, A. Kent","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1157681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1157681","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have a surprising capacity to alter their environmental conditions to create adequate niches for survival and stress tolerance. This process of environmental transformation, commonly referred to as “extended phenotypes” or “niche construction”, has historically been studied in the domain of ecology, but this is a process that is pervasive across the plant kingdom. Furthermore, research is beginning to show that plants’ extended phenotypes shape the assembly and function of closely associated microbial communities. Incorporation and understanding the role that plant-extended phenotypes play in agriculture may offer novel, bioinspired methods to manage our arable soil microbiomes. Here, we review the challenges agriculture faces, the plant extended phenotypes we know to shape the microbiome, and the potential utilization of this knowledge to improve the environmental impact of agriculture. Understanding how plant extended phenotypes shape microbial communities could be a key to creating a sustainable future with both plants and microbiomes in consideration.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75031086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1102694
Linzehao Li, Yan Yan, Xiaolei Wang, Y. Hou, Lina Ding, Zhi-bin Wang, Qinghe Song, Wenyu Ding, Xian-Dang Zhang
Introduction Allicin is a wide spectrum prebiotic for human health, but whether it can attenuate blood in diabetes patients is rarely reported. In this study, we built a rat model and investigated the effect of allicin on diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). We found that allicin could effectively reduce blood glucose levels, regulate intestinal microbiota, reduce lipid and body weight accumulation, and systemic inflammation in T2DM rats. Methods The rat model of type 2 diabetes was made by streptozotocin, and different doses of allicin were given orally by gavage. The intestinal contents of diabetes rats were sequenced and analyzed by 16S technology, and the clinical indicators of rats were detected for joint analysis. Results Allicin can improve the intestinal flora of type 2 diabetes rats, enrich beneficial metabolites, reduce blood glucose, improve blood lipids, reduce systemic inflammation, and improve type 2 diabetes. Discussion Intestinal microbiome analysis showed that allicin gavage significantly regulated the structure and main components of the intestinal microbiota in T2DM rats. Allicin increased the abundance of probiotic microbes, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Akkermansia, while it reduced pathogenic microbes, such as Enterobacter, Erysipelatoclostridium and Colidextribacter. Allicin gavage increased the abundance of intestinal short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic acid and propionic acid. Correlation analysis showed that the increased gut microbes by allicin gavage were significantly associated with health physiological parameters but negatively related to serum inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In addition, our study also suggests that allicin may have prebiotic effects on chronic liver injury. This study shows that allicin can regulate various clinical symptoms of T2DM and is a potential therapeutic drug for T2DM.
{"title":"Allicin modulates the intestinal microbiota to attenuate blood glucose and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats","authors":"Linzehao Li, Yan Yan, Xiaolei Wang, Y. Hou, Lina Ding, Zhi-bin Wang, Qinghe Song, Wenyu Ding, Xian-Dang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1102694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1102694","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Allicin is a wide spectrum prebiotic for human health, but whether it can attenuate blood in diabetes patients is rarely reported. In this study, we built a rat model and investigated the effect of allicin on diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). We found that allicin could effectively reduce blood glucose levels, regulate intestinal microbiota, reduce lipid and body weight accumulation, and systemic inflammation in T2DM rats. Methods The rat model of type 2 diabetes was made by streptozotocin, and different doses of allicin were given orally by gavage. The intestinal contents of diabetes rats were sequenced and analyzed by 16S technology, and the clinical indicators of rats were detected for joint analysis. Results Allicin can improve the intestinal flora of type 2 diabetes rats, enrich beneficial metabolites, reduce blood glucose, improve blood lipids, reduce systemic inflammation, and improve type 2 diabetes. Discussion Intestinal microbiome analysis showed that allicin gavage significantly regulated the structure and main components of the intestinal microbiota in T2DM rats. Allicin increased the abundance of probiotic microbes, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Akkermansia, while it reduced pathogenic microbes, such as Enterobacter, Erysipelatoclostridium and Colidextribacter. Allicin gavage increased the abundance of intestinal short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic acid and propionic acid. Correlation analysis showed that the increased gut microbes by allicin gavage were significantly associated with health physiological parameters but negatively related to serum inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In addition, our study also suggests that allicin may have prebiotic effects on chronic liver injury. This study shows that allicin can regulate various clinical symptoms of T2DM and is a potential therapeutic drug for T2DM.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91271495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consuming resistant maltodextrin (RMD) decreases food intake and increase appetite-related gut hormones, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of RMD feeding on food intake (appetite) using Institute of Cancer Research male mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD-cellulose group) or HFD in which cellulose was replaced with RMD (HFD-RMD group). Feeding mice with an HFD-RMD for approximately 8 weeks inhibited excessive calorie intake and altered the gut microbiota composition. Excessive calorie intake was inhibited for several days in mice fed only with an HFD-cellulose and transplanted with fecal microbiota from the HFD-RMD group (FMT-HFD-RMD group). Moreover, in the HFD-RMD and FMT-HFD-RMD groups, serum active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels were significantly higher, and appetite-related neuropeptide gene transcription in the hypothalamus were significantly altered, compared with the HFD-cellulose and FMT-HFD-cellulose groups. These results suggested that the long-term RMD intake changed the gut microbiota composition, increased the GLP-1 and PYY secretion, and altered the appetite-related neuropeptide gene transcription in the hypothalamus, leading to suppressed excessive calorie intake in an HFD.
{"title":"Feeding with resistant maltodextrin suppresses excessive calorie intake in a high-fat diet, mediated by changes in mouse gut microbiota composition, appetite-related gut hormone secretion, and neuropeptide transcriptional levels","authors":"Kaede Ito, Atsushi Haraguchi, Shuhei Sato, Masataka Sekiguchi, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Conn Ryan, Yijin Lyu, S. Shibata","doi":"10.3389/frmbi.2023.1149808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1149808","url":null,"abstract":"Consuming resistant maltodextrin (RMD) decreases food intake and increase appetite-related gut hormones, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of RMD feeding on food intake (appetite) using Institute of Cancer Research male mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD-cellulose group) or HFD in which cellulose was replaced with RMD (HFD-RMD group). Feeding mice with an HFD-RMD for approximately 8 weeks inhibited excessive calorie intake and altered the gut microbiota composition. Excessive calorie intake was inhibited for several days in mice fed only with an HFD-cellulose and transplanted with fecal microbiota from the HFD-RMD group (FMT-HFD-RMD group). Moreover, in the HFD-RMD and FMT-HFD-RMD groups, serum active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels were significantly higher, and appetite-related neuropeptide gene transcription in the hypothalamus were significantly altered, compared with the HFD-cellulose and FMT-HFD-cellulose groups. These results suggested that the long-term RMD intake changed the gut microbiota composition, increased the GLP-1 and PYY secretion, and altered the appetite-related neuropeptide gene transcription in the hypothalamus, leading to suppressed excessive calorie intake in an HFD.","PeriodicalId":73089,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in microbiomes","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79272330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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