Frontiers in photonics最新文献_第5页

Editorial: Translational clinical intraluminal imaging and optical sensing 社论:转化临床腔内成像和光学传感

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2023.1177593

Alba Alfonso-Garcia, B. Sherlock

Intraluminal imaging systems and optical sensing enable the exploration of otherwise inaccessible organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory system, or the cardiovascular system. A variety of imaging modalities and sensing approaches have been developed and are in use in clinics, alone or in combination, including fluorescence, reflectance spectroscopy, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography. Physicians have been interested in shining light inside the body for examination since ancient times. Advances in optics, detectors, and light sources enabled modern endoscopy, which is now part of everyday clinical practice. Advances in the miniaturization of optical instruments are enabling ever greater access to probing narrow and tortuous deep-tissue structures. These advances contributed to the growth in our understanding of human anatomy, as well as physiological and pathological processes occurring within the body. Ultimately, clinical translation of intraluminal imaging and optical sensing aim to support more accurate diagnosis and drive the growth of personalized medicine. This Research Topic comprises four articles that provide insight into the state of the art of intraluminal imaging and sensing systems. Special emphasis is given to the use of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to image the vascular system. While OCT was first adopted by the ophthalmologic field in the 1990s, it is now gaining traction as an alternative or complementary method to ultrasound to visualize luminal structures, such as the cardiovascular system. It provides high-resolution images with enough depth to visualize vessel morphology and wall pathology with fine detail. Furthermore, highspeed imaging enables the quantification of dynamic processes, such as vessel contractility, that could be of great clinical significance to track changes in the cardiac cycle. Anagnostakou et al. present New frontiers in intracranial imaging with HF-OCT: Ex vivo human cerebrovasculature evaluation and in vivo intracranial arteries dynamic visualization, where they describe a novel high-frequency optical coherence tomography (HF-OCT) system that has successfully reached the most distal parts of the anterior and posterior cranial vasculature. This is an engineering challenge that requires navigation through OPEN ACCESS

腔内成像系统和光学传感可以探测其他无法探测的器官，如胃肠道、呼吸系统或心血管系统。各种成像模式和传感方法已经开发出来，并在临床中单独或联合使用，包括荧光、反射光谱、超声和光学相干断层扫描。从古代开始，医生们就对在体内发光进行检查很感兴趣。光学、探测器和光源的进步使现代内窥镜成为可能，现在已成为日常临床实践的一部分。光学仪器小型化的进步使探测狭窄和弯曲的深层组织结构变得更加容易。这些进步促进了我们对人体解剖学的理解，以及身体内发生的生理和病理过程。最终，腔内成像和光学传感的临床转化旨在支持更准确的诊断并推动个性化医疗的发展。本研究课题由四篇文章组成，提供了对腔内成像和传感系统现状的见解。特别强调的是使用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)成像血管系统。虽然OCT在20世纪90年代首次被眼科领域采用，但它现在作为超声的替代或补充方法来可视化管腔结构，如心血管系统，正在获得关注。它提供足够深度的高分辨率图像，以精细的细节显示血管形态和壁病理。此外，高速成像可以量化动态过程，如血管收缩性，这对跟踪心脏周期的变化具有重要的临床意义。Anagnostakou等人展示了颅内高频oct成像的新前沿:离体人类脑血管系统评估和体内颅内动脉动态可视化，他们描述了一种新型高频光学相干断层扫描(HF-OCT)系统，该系统已成功到达颅前后血管系统的最末端。这是一项工程挑战，需要通过OPEN ACCESS进行导航

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引用次数: 0

Self-chaotic microlasers for random bit generation 用于随机位生成的自混沌微激光器

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2023.1138125

J. Xiao, Zhixiong Xiao, Chun-Guang Ma, Youzeng Hao, Yali Li, Yuede Yang, Yongzhen Huang

Semiconductor lasers with optical feedback can produce plentiful non-linear dynamics, including periodic and chaotic oscillations, which are usually applied to microwave signals and physical random number generation, respectively. Chaotic semiconductor lasers are especially successful in generating random numbers compared with pseudorandom numbers generated by a computing process. We report a self-chaotic microlaser based on the internal mode interaction of nearly degenerate modes. A special resonator is designed and demonstrated with the two modes’ frequency intervals on the order of GHz. These modes with strong mode beating result in chaos, and physical random bits are obtained from the laser output power at 10 Gb/s. Our proposals provide a novel scheme to generate laser chaos for high-speed random number generation.

具有光反馈的半导体激光器可以产生大量的非线性动力学，包括周期振荡和混沌振荡，通常分别应用于微波信号和物理随机数生成。与通过计算过程生成的伪随机数相比，混沌半导体激光器在生成随机数方面尤其成功。我们报道了一种基于近简并模的内模相互作用的自混沌微激光器。设计并演示了一种特殊的谐振器，两种模式的频率间隔在GHz量级。这些具有强模式差拍的模式导致了混沌，并且从10Gb/s的激光输出功率中获得了物理随机比特。我们的建议为高速随机数生成提供了一种生成激光混沌的新方案。

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Advanced photonic devices and sensing systems 社论：先进的光子器件和传感系统

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2023.1153760

A. K. Pathak, R. Gangwar, Sushank Chaudhary, S. Kumari, Santosh Kumar

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Smart Structures and Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States, Department of Physics and Electronics, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Banglore, India, Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China

美国伊利诺斯州埃文斯顿西北大学智能结构与材料中心机械工程系、印度德里大学Rajdhani学院物理与电子系、泰国曼谷朱拉隆功大学电气工程系无线通信生态系统研究单元、印度班加罗尔印度科学研究所纳米科学与工程中心(CeNSE)、聊城大学物理科学与信息技术学院山东省光通信科学与技术重点实验室，聊城

引用次数: 0

Design, fabrication, and preclinical testing of a miniaturized, multispectral, chip-on-tip, imaging probe for intraluminal fluorescence imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. 设计、制造和临床前测试用于胃肠道腔内荧光成像的微型、多光谱、芯片尖端成像探针。

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2022.1067651

Bridget Slomka, Suzann Duan, Thomas G Knapp, Natzem Lima, Ricky Sontz, Juanita L Merchant, Travis W Sawyer

Gastrointestinal cancers continue to account for a disproportionately large percentage of annual cancer deaths in the US. Advancements in miniature imaging technology combined with a need for precise and thorough tumor detection in gastrointestinal cancer screenings fuel the demand for new, small-scale, and low-cost methods of localization and margin identification with improved accuracy. Here, we report the development of a miniaturized, chip-on-tip, multispectral, fluorescence imaging probe designed to port through a gastroscope working channel with the aim of detecting cancerous lesions in point-of-care endoscopy of the gastrointestinal lumen. Preclinical testing has confirmed fluorescence sensitivity and supports that this miniature probe can locate structures of interest via detection of fluorescence emission from exogenous contrast agents. This work demonstrates the design and preliminary performance evaluation of a miniaturized, single-use, chip-on-tip fluorescence imaging system, capable of detecting multiple fluorochromes, and devised for deployment via the accessory channel of a standard gastroscope.

在美国每年的癌症死亡人数中，胃肠道癌症所占的比例仍然过大。微型成像技术的进步加上胃肠道癌症筛查中对精确、彻底的肿瘤检测的需求，推动了对新型、小规模、低成本、更准确的定位和边缘识别方法的需求。在此，我们报告了一种微型、芯片尖端、多光谱、荧光成像探针的开发情况，该探针可通过胃镜工作通道进行移植，目的是在胃肠腔的点护理内镜检查中检测癌症病灶。临床前测试已经证实了荧光灵敏度，并支持这种微型探针可以通过检测外源性造影剂的荧光发射来定位感兴趣的结构。这项工作展示了一种小型化、一次性使用、芯片尖端荧光成像系统的设计和初步性能评估，该系统能够检测多种荧光色素，可通过标准胃镜的附属通道进行部署。

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引用次数: 0

Incoherent color holography lattice light-sheet for subcellular imaging of dynamic structures. 用于动态结构亚细胞成像的非相干彩色全息点阵光片

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2023.1096294

Simon Alford, Christopher Mann, Jonathan Art, Mariana Potcoava

The purpose of the article is to explore the need and advantages of using the incoherent color holography lattice light-sheet (ICHLLS) to provide multiwavelength quantitative monitoring of 3D cellular dynamics in live tissue to further understand complex functions of cells and cellular compartments. We have explored the use of incoherent color holography lattice light-sheet to investigate colocalization of fluorescent markers in live cells in intact tissue. Neuronal structures provide an attractive target for incoherent color holography lattice light-sheet. The cells show a complex architecture in 3D space in which signaling both between cells and within subcellular structures requires colocalization of proteins and lipids to function. During activity and over long periods it is important in understanding these signaling functions in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and motoneuron diseases within live cells in intact tissue. As a proof of concept this article recalls the key aspects in lattice light-sheet imaging and provides a description of the incoherent detection system configuration to actively control dual diffractive lenses phase-shifting at multiple excitation wavelengths sequentially, and per each z-galvo scanning level, with extended field-of-view. The incoherent color holography lattice light-sheet system will allow simultaneous recording of multidimensional object waves that contain intensity in 3D space, phase, and wavelength information. We measure colocalization of fluorescence indicators introduced into live cells in intact neural tissue.

本文的目的是探索使用非相干彩色全息晶格光片（ICHLLS）对活体组织中的三维细胞动力学进行多波长定量监测的必要性和优势，以进一步了解细胞和细胞隔室的复杂功能。我们已经探索了使用非相干彩色全息术晶格光片来研究完整组织中活细胞中荧光标记物的共定位。神经元结构为非相干彩色全息点阵光片提供了一个有吸引力的靶点。细胞在3D空间中显示出复杂的结构，其中细胞之间和亚细胞结构内的信号传导需要蛋白质和脂质的共定位才能发挥作用。在活动期间和长时间内，了解完整组织中活细胞内帕金森氏症、阿尔茨海默氏症和运动神经元疾病的这些信号功能非常重要。作为概念验证，本文回顾了晶格光片成像的关键方面，并描述了非相干检测系统配置，以主动控制双衍射透镜在多个激发波长下的相移，并按每个z-galvo扫描级别扩展视野。非相干彩色全息术晶格光片系统将允许同时记录包含三维空间强度、相位和波长信息的多维物体波。我们测量引入完整神经组织中活细胞的荧光指示剂的共定位。

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引用次数: 0

Live-cell analysis framework for quantitative phase imaging with slightly off-axis digital holographic microscopy 微离轴数字全息显微镜定量相位成像的活细胞分析框架

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2022.1083139

Qian Shen, Zhuoshi Li, Jiasong Sun, Yao Fan, Yuanyuan Chen, Haojie Gu, P. Gao, Qian Chen, C. Zuo

Label-free quantitative phase imaging is an essential tool for studying in vitro living cells in various research fields of life sciences. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a non-destructive full-field microscopy technique that provides phase images by directly measuring the optical path differences, which facilitates cell segmentation and allows the determination of several important cellular physical features, such as dry mass. In this work, we present a systematic analysis framework for live-cell imaging and morphological characterization, terms as LAF (live-cell analysis framework). All image processing algorithms involved in this framework are implemented on the high-resolution artifact-free quantitative phase images obtained by our previously proposed slightly off-axis holographic system (FPDH) and associated reconstruction methods. A highly robust automated cell segmentation method is applied to extract the valid cellular region, followed by live-cell analysis framework algorithms to determine the physical and morphological properties, including the area, perimeter, irregularity, volume and dry mass, of each individual cell. Experiments on live HeLa cells demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the presented framework, revealing its potential for diverse biomedical applications.

无标记定量相位成像是生命科学各个研究领域研究体外活细胞的重要工具。数字全息显微镜（DHM）是一种非破坏性的全场显微镜技术，通过直接测量光程差来提供相位图像，这有助于细胞分割，并允许确定几个重要的细胞物理特征，如干物质。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个用于活细胞成像和形态学表征的系统分析框架，称为LAF（活细胞分析框架）。该框架中涉及的所有图像处理算法都是在我们之前提出的微离轴全息系统（FPDH）和相关重建方法获得的高分辨率无伪影定量相位图像上实现的。应用一种高度鲁棒的自动细胞分割方法来提取有效的细胞区域，然后使用活细胞分析框架算法来确定每个细胞的物理和形态特性，包括面积、周长、不规则性、体积和干质量。在活HeLa细胞上的实验证明了所提出的框架的有效性和有效性，揭示了其在多种生物医学应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Continuous-wave terahertz quantum cascade laser based on a hybrid bound to bound quantum design 基于混合束缚量子设计的连续波太赫兹量子级联激光器

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2022.1071879

Weijiang Li, Yuanyuan Li, Yu Ma, Yun-fei Xu, Jun-qi Liu, N. Zhuo, Q. Lu, Lijun Wang, Jinchuan Zhang, S. Zhai, Shuman Liu, Feng-qi Liu

We report a low threshold power density and high power output terahertz quantum cascade laser emitting at ∼3.9 THz operating in continuous-wave mode. The high output power and wall-plug efficiency are achieved based on a hybrid bound-to-bound quantum active design. A record output power of 312 mW and a low threshold power density of 0.8 kW/mm3 (threshold current density of 109 A/cm2) in continuous-wave mode at 20 K is demonstrated for a 300-μm-wide and 2-mm-long single-ridge device. The highest wall-plug efficiency is 1.38% and the slope efficiency is 684 mW/A with an internal quantum efficiency of ∼120 photons per injected electron. The demonstration of this low-threshold and high-power THz laser will promote THz-based remote sensing and standoff detection for pharmaceutical and health industry applications.

我们报道了一种低阈值功率密度和高功率输出的太赫兹量子级联激光器，在连续波模式下发射约3.9太赫兹。高输出功率和壁插效率是基于绑定到绑定的混合量子有源设计实现的。对于300μm宽和2 mm长的单脊器件，在20 K的连续波模式下，证明了312 mW的创纪录输出功率和0.8 kW/mm3的低阈值功率密度（109 A/cm2的阈值电流密度）。最高壁塞效率为1.38%，斜率效率为684 mW/A，每个注入电子的内部量子效率为～120个光子。这种低阈值和高功率太赫兹激光器的演示将促进基于太赫兹的遥感和防区外探测在制药和健康行业的应用。

引用次数: 0

Calcified plaque detected on OCT with deep learning and cross-validated with optical and ultrasound signals: A complementary appraisal and preamble to combined IVUS-OCT catheter 在深度学习OCT上检测钙化斑块，并与光学和超声信号交叉验证:对IVUS-OCT联合导管的补充评估和序言

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2022.1019552

Jiayue Huang, K. Ninomiya, S. Tu, S. Masuda, J. Dijkstra, Miao Chu, D. Ding, S. Hynes, Neil O'leary, W. Wijns, Y. Onuma, P. Serruys

Background: The optical coherence tomography (OCT)-deep learning (DL) emerged as a promising tool for automated plaque characterization. However, its findings have not been compared with optical and ultrasound signals. Objectives: The objective was to cross-validate the calcified plaque detected by OCT-DL, using comprehensive tissue characterization technologies including OCT-derived optical properties, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-virtual histology (VH) and echogenicity. Methods: Five years after bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) implantation, 15 patients underwent OCT and IVUS imaging. The unique platinum markers in BRS facilitated precise OCT-IVUS co-registration. Calcified plaque detected by OCT-DL were corroborated by/with optical properties, greyscale (GS)-IVUS, IVUS-VH and echogenicity. The concordance between OCT-DL and other modalities was assessed by kappa statistics. The calcium arc measured by different modalities were compared by orthogonal linear regression. Results: Forty-three calcified plaques were detected by DL in 72 matched anatomic slices, 41 (95%) were confirmed as pure (n = 29) or hybrid calcified plaque (n = 12) by optical properties. Weighted kappa between OCT-DL and GS-IVUS, IVUS-VH and echogenicity were 0.69, 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. After having excluded artifactual optical shadowing (n = 5) generated by guidewire or platinum marker, kappa increased to 0.77, 0.68 and 0.69, with agreement ranging between 90% and 93%. Calcium arc derived from OCT-DL showed moderate correlation and agreement with GS-IVUS (ICCa = 0.81, difference = 1.73 ± 15.25°), IVUS-VH (ICCa = 0.69, difference = -5.60 ± 21.19°) and echogenicity (ICCa = 0.65, difference = 10.28 ± 18.70°). Conclusion: OCT empowered by deep learning showed substantial agreement with optical and ultrasound signals. The comprehensive assessment provided by OCT and IVUS heralds the potential diagnostic value of combined IVUS-OCT catheters.

背景:光学相干断层扫描(OCT)-深度学习(DL)是一种很有前途的自动斑块表征工具。然而，它的发现还没有与光学和超声信号进行比较。目的:通过综合组织表征技术，包括oct衍生光学特性、血管内超声(IVUS)-虚拟组织学(VH)和回声性，对OCT-DL检测的钙化斑块进行交叉验证。方法:15例生物可吸收支架(BRS)植入术5年后行OCT和IVUS成像。BRS中独特的铂标记物促进了OCT-IVUS的精确联合登记。ct - dl检测到的钙化斑块通过光学性质、灰度(GS)-IVUS、IVUS-VH和回声性证实。运用kappa统计方法评估OCT-DL与其他模式的一致性。采用正交线性回归法比较不同方法测得的钙弧。结果:在72张匹配的解剖切片中，DL检出43个钙化斑块，其中41个(95%)经光学性质证实为纯钙化斑块(n = 29)或杂交钙化斑块(n = 12)。OCT-DL与GS-IVUS、IVUS-VH的加权kappa和回声度分别为0.69、0.60和0.60。排除导丝或铂标记产生的人工光学阴影(n = 5)后，kappa增加到0.77、0.68和0.69，一致性在90%到93%之间。OCT-DL钙弧与GS-IVUS (ICCa = 0.81，差值为1.73±15.25°)、IVUS-VH (ICCa = 0.69，差值为-5.60±21.19°)和回声度(ICCa = 0.65，差值为10.28±18.70°)具有中等相关性和一致性。结论:深度学习增强的OCT与光学和超声信号基本一致。OCT和IVUS的综合评价预示了IVUS-OCT联合置管的潜在诊断价值。

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引用次数: 0

A Hahn-Ramsey scheme for dynamical decoupling of single solid-state qubits 单固态量子比特动态解耦的Hahn-Ramsey方案

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2022.932944

N. Sadzak, A. Carmele, C. Widmann, C. Nebel, A. Knorr, O. Benson

Spin systems in solid state materials are promising qubit candidates for quantum information in particular as quantum memories or for quantum sensing. A major prerequisite here is the coherence of spin phase oscillations. In this work, we show a control sequence which, by applying RF pulses of variable detuning, allows to increase the visibility of spin phase oscillations. We experimentally demonstrate the scheme on single NV centers in diamond and analytically describe how the NV electron spin phase oscillations behave in the presence of classical noise models. We hereby introduce detuning as the enabling factor that modulates the filter function of the sequence, in order to achieve a visibility of the Ramsey fringes comparable to or longer than the Hahn-echo T 2 time and an improved sensitivity to DC magnetic fields in various experimental settings.

固态材料中的自旋系统是量子信息的有前途的量子比特候选者，特别是作为量子存储器或量子传感。这里的一个主要先决条件是自旋相位振荡的相干性。在这项工作中，我们展示了一种控制序列，通过施加可变失谐的RF脉冲，可以增加自旋相位振荡的可见性。我们在金刚石中的单个NV中心上实验证明了该方案，并分析描述了在经典噪声模型存在的情况下NV电子自旋相位振荡的行为。我们在此引入失谐作为调制序列滤波器函数的使能因子，以便在各种实验设置中实现拉姆齐条纹的可见性与哈恩回波T2时间相当或更长，并提高对直流磁场的灵敏度。

引用次数: 0

Charge-transfer states in photosynthesis and organic solar cells 光合作用和有机太阳能电池中的电荷转移状态

Frontiers in photonics

Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2022.1050189

J. Hustings, R. Bonné, Rob Cornelissen, F. Morini, R. Valcke, K. Vandewal, J. Manca

Light-induced charge-transfer mechanisms are at the heart of both photosynthesis and photovoltaics. The underlying photophysical mechanisms occurring within photosynthesis and organic photovoltaics in particular show striking similarities. However, they are studied by distinct research communities, often using different terminology. This contribution aims to provide an introductory review and comparison of the light-induced charge-transfer mechanisms occurring in natural photosynthesis and synthetic organic photovoltaics, with a particular focus on the role of so-called charge-transfer complexes characterized by an excited state in which there is charge-transfer from an electron-donating to an electron-accepting molecular entity. From light absorption to fully separated charges, it is important to understand how a charge-transfer complex is excited, forming a charge-transfer state, which can decay to the ground state or provide free charge carries in the case of photovoltaics, or radicals for photochemistry in photosynthetic complexes. Our motivation originates from an ambiguity in the interpretation of charge-transfer states. This review attempts to standardize terminology between both research fields with the general aim of initiating a cross-fertilization between the insights and methodologies of these two worlds regarding the role of charge-transfer complexes, inspiring the cross-disciplinary development of next-generation solar cells. Likewise, we hope to encourage photosynthesis researchers to collaborate with the photovoltaics field, thereby gaining further knowledge of the charge-transfer process in natural light-harvesting systems.

光诱导的电荷转移机制是光合作用和光伏的核心。光合作用和有机光伏中发生的潜在光物理机制尤其显示出惊人的相似性。然而，它们由不同的研究团体进行研究，通常使用不同的术语。该贡献旨在对天然光合作用和合成有机光伏中发生的光诱导电荷转移机制进行介绍性综述和比较，特别关注以激发态为特征的所谓电荷转移复合物的作用，在激发态中存在从给电子分子实体到接受电子分子实体的电荷转移。从光吸收到完全分离的电荷，重要的是要了解电荷转移复合物是如何被激发的，形成电荷转移态，电荷转移态可以衰变为基态，或者在光伏的情况下提供自由电荷载体，或者在光合复合物中用于光化学的自由基。我们的动机源于电荷转移态解释中的歧义。这篇综述试图使这两个研究领域之间的术语标准化，总的目的是在这两个世界关于电荷转移复合物作用的见解和方法之间展开交叉融合，激发下一代太阳能电池的跨学科发展。同样，我们希望鼓励光合作用研究人员与光伏领域合作，从而进一步了解自然光采集系统中的电荷转移过程。

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引用次数: 2