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Aortoesophageal Fistula in a Patient With Recent Endoscopic Balloon Dilation and History of Esophageal Myotomies for Achalasia 贲门失弛缓症患者经内镜球囊扩张及食管肌切开术史的主动脉食管瘘1例。
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.08.007
Daphne Moutsoglou , Marcela Kuijpers , Hernando Gonzalez
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引用次数: 0
Can Artificial Intelligence Create an Accurate Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation Prompt?
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.006
Marni H. Wilkoff , Nicholas R. Piniella , Rashmi Advani

Background and Aims

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States, with colonoscopy being the preferred screening method. Up to 25% of colonoscopies are associated with poor preparation which leads to prolonged procedure time, repeat colonoscopies, and decreased adenoma detection. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly used in medicine, assessing medical school exam questions, and writing medical reports. Its use in gastroenterology has been used to educate patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, answer patient questions about colonoscopy and provide correct colonoscopy screening intervals, having the ability to augment the patient–provider relationship. This study aims at assessing the accuracy of a ChatGPT-generated precolonoscopy bowel preparation prompt.

Methods

A nonrandomized cross-sectional study assessing the perceptions of an AI-generated colonoscopy preparation prompt was conducted in a large multisite quaternary health-care institution in the northeast United States. All practicing gastroenterologists in the health system were surveyed, with 208 having a valid email address and were included in the study. A Research Electronic Data Capture survey was then distributed to all participants and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Overall, 91% of gastroenterologist physicians determined the prompt easy to understand, 95% thought the prompt was scientifically accurate and 66% were comfortable giving the prompt to their patients. Sixty four percent of reviewers correctly identified the ChatGPT-generated prompt, but only 32% were confident in their answer.

Conclusion

The ability of ChatGPT to create a sufficient bowel preparation prompt highlights how physicians can incorporate AI into clinical practice to improve ease and efficiency of communication with patients when it comes to bowel preparation.
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory T Cells Play a Role in Determining the Tumourigenicity of the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.09.014
Ana Padilha , Emma Jones , Scott Cutting , Andrew Godkin , Awen Gallimore , Lee Parry
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引用次数: 0
Lemmel’s Syndrome Associated With Acute Pancreatitis
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.018
Krystal Mills, Amindra Arora
{"title":"Lemmel’s Syndrome Associated With Acute Pancreatitis","authors":"Krystal Mills,&nbsp;Amindra Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Racial Disparities of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Its Complications in Hospitalized Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100592
Soo Young Hwang , Elina Stoffel , David Sooik Kim , Elizabeth Verna , Wei Zhang
{"title":"Racial Disparities of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Its Complications in Hospitalized Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"Soo Young Hwang ,&nbsp;Elina Stoffel ,&nbsp;David Sooik Kim ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Verna ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cost-Effectiveness of Serum Pepsinogen as a Gastric Cancer Targeted Screening Strategy in the United States
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.004
Aaron Oh , Sheila D. Rustgi , Chin Hur , Haejin In

Background and Aims

Current gastric cancer (GC) screening modalities are invasive and expensive. Noninvasive screening for GC precursors with serum pepsinogen (PG) may improve early detection and prevention. Test characteristics of PG based on US prospective data was recently reported and used to study the cost-effectiveness of PG screening vs no screening in the US.

Methods

A patient-level state transition microsimulation of gastric adenocarcinoma analyzed noninvasive screening vs no screening in a hypothetical cohort of average risk US individuals. Primary outcomes included life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years, total costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Secondary outcomes included total GC incidence and mortality. Base-case PG sensitivity and specificity were 34.1% and 94.7%, respectively, with a wide range of PG performance characteristics also examined.

Results

One-time serum PG screening at age 40 was cost-effective compared to no screening with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $4913.29 per quality-adjusted life year. PG screening resulted in 10.9% relative reduction in lifetime GC incidence and 10.8% relative decrease in cumulative GC mortality. Localized stage at diagnosis increased from 30.5% to 33.6% and metastatic stage decreased from 40.8% to 37.4%. Sensitivity analysis showed PG screening was most sensitive to endoscopy costs, chronic atrophic gastritis quality of life, and PG prevalence. PG screening remained cost-effective across a wide range of test values.

Conclusion

PG screening is a cost-effective strategy to improve GC mortality; however, mortality benefit will depend on the test characteristics of the biomarker. Future blood-based screening tests that have better performance characteristics could further improve GC prevention.
{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Serum Pepsinogen as a Gastric Cancer Targeted Screening Strategy in the United States","authors":"Aaron Oh ,&nbsp;Sheila D. Rustgi ,&nbsp;Chin Hur ,&nbsp;Haejin In","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Current gastric cancer (GC) screening modalities are invasive and expensive. Noninvasive screening for GC precursors with serum pepsinogen (PG) may improve early detection and prevention. Test characteristics of PG based on US prospective data was recently reported and used to study the cost-effectiveness of PG screening vs no screening in the US.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A patient-level state transition microsimulation of gastric adenocarcinoma analyzed noninvasive screening vs no screening in a hypothetical cohort of average risk US individuals. Primary outcomes included life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years, total costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Secondary outcomes included total GC incidence and mortality. Base-case PG sensitivity and specificity were 34.1% and 94.7%, respectively, with a wide range of PG performance characteristics also examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One-time serum PG screening at age 40 was cost-effective compared to no screening with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $4913.29 per quality-adjusted life year. PG screening resulted in 10.9% relative reduction in lifetime GC incidence and 10.8% relative decrease in cumulative GC mortality. Localized stage at diagnosis increased from 30.5% to 33.6% and metastatic stage decreased from 40.8% to 37.4%. Sensitivity analysis showed PG screening was most sensitive to endoscopy costs, chronic atrophic gastritis quality of life, and PG prevalence. PG screening remained cost-effective across a wide range of test values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PG screening is a cost-effective strategy to improve GC mortality; however, mortality benefit will depend on the test characteristics of the biomarker. Future blood-based screening tests that have better performance characteristics could further improve GC prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of Human Y Chromosome and the SRY Gene in Fecal Samples of Female Patients Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.008
Sudhir K. Dutta , Elad Firnberg , Sandeep Verma , Laila Phillips , Padmanabhan P. Nair

Background and Aims

We have postulated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is associated with transfer of microbiota from the donor and engraftment of intestinal epithelial cells in the recipient’s colonic mucosa enabling the restoration of a stable microbial environment.

Methods

We analyzed the presence of human Y chromosome (ChrY) and sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene within total human DNA extracted from fecal samples collected from 30 donors and 22 recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) patients before and up to 24 months after FMT. A next-generation sequencing data analysis pipeline was applied to quantify the percentage of reads aligning to human ChrY. SRY gene detection was also performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Results

A significantly higher percentage of ChrY reads were identified in fecal samples of male donors as compared to female donor (P < .0001). Fecal samples collected from female RCDI patients who received FMT from male donors showed a significantly (P < .05) higher percentage of ChrY reads compared to female samples without male FMT donors. Four female patients with RCDI who received FMT from male donors showed a very large percent ChrY increase post-FMT even several months after FMT. SRY gene signal was detected by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in 7 of the 11 fecal samples collected from the male donor pool but none from the female pool.

Conclusion

These observations clearly demonstrate the presence of ChrY and SRY gene signal in stool samples collected from male patients. The presence of increased ChrY in the stool samples of female RCDI patients after FMT from a male donor suggests possible engraftment of exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells in a subset of these patients.
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Adverse Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes Following Acute COVID-19
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.021
Evangelin Shaloom Vitus , Simran Mann , Charlie W. Lees , Tine Jess , Rahma Elmahdi

Background and Aims

Respiratory viral infections have been implicated in the exacerbation of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To understand the impact of early SARS-CoV-2 variants on the risk of adverse IBD outcomes, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis of high-quality studies.

Methods

Cohort studies investigating adverse IBD outcomes (IBD flares, change in disease activity, change in medication, IBD-related hospitalization, and surgery) following COVID-19 were retrieved from MEDLINE and Embase. The Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies—of Exposure tool was used to assess risk of bias. Random effects model meta-analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for risk of adverse outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed to estimate risk of outcomes for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients. Metaregression was performed for sex and duration of follow-up.

Results

Of the 3119 identified studies, 5 were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 34,977 IBD patients with COVID-19 and 53,270 IBD patients without recorded COVID-19 infection were identified. Two of the studies showed a high risk of bias. The random effects model did not show a statistically significant increase in the risk of adverse IBD outcomes following COVID infection (HR:1.05 [0.75–1.46]). There was no significant difference in adverse outcomes between Crohn’s disease (HR: 0.91 [0.82–1.02]) and ulcerative colitis patients (HR: 0.83 [0.76–0.90]). Neither the proportion of male participants nor the mean duration of follow-up were found to be significant predictors of effect size.

Conclusion

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we find that COVID-19 did not increase the risk of adverse IBD outcomes.
{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Adverse Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes Following Acute COVID-19","authors":"Evangelin Shaloom Vitus ,&nbsp;Simran Mann ,&nbsp;Charlie W. Lees ,&nbsp;Tine Jess ,&nbsp;Rahma Elmahdi","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Respiratory viral infections have been implicated in the exacerbation of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To understand the impact of early SARS-CoV-2 variants on the risk of adverse IBD outcomes, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis of high-quality studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cohort studies investigating adverse IBD outcomes (IBD flares, change in disease activity, change in medication, IBD-related hospitalization, and surgery) following COVID-19 were retrieved from MEDLINE and Embase. The Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies—of Exposure tool was used to assess risk of bias. Random effects model meta-analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for risk of adverse outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed to estimate risk of outcomes for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients. Metaregression was performed for sex and duration of follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 3119 identified studies, 5 were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 34,977 IBD patients with COVID-19 and 53,270 IBD patients without recorded COVID-19 infection were identified. Two of the studies showed a high risk of bias. The random effects model did not show a statistically significant increase in the risk of adverse IBD outcomes following COVID infection (HR:1.05 [0.75–1.46]). There was no significant difference in adverse outcomes between Crohn’s disease (HR: 0.91 [0.82–1.02]) and ulcerative colitis patients (HR: 0.83 [0.76–0.90]). Neither the proportion of male participants nor the mean duration of follow-up were found to be significant predictors of effect size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we find that COVID-19 did not increase the risk of adverse IBD outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incidental Discovery of Duodenal Kaposi Sarcoma
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100598
Rangesh Modi , David Hakimian , Edwin McDonald
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引用次数: 0
Duodenal Organoids From Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Patients Exhibit Absorptive and Barrier Alterations
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100599
Alia Hadefi , Morgane Leprovots , Gilles Dinsart , Maryam Marefati , Marjorie Vermeersch , Daniel Monteyne , David Pérez-Morga , Anne Lefort , Frédérick Libert , Laurine Verset , Claire Liefferinckx , Christophe Moreno , Jacques Devière , Eric Trépo , Marie-Isabelle Garcia

Background and Aims

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive liver disease that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Though MASH is closely tied to metabolic risk factors, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain scarcely understood. Recent research has emphasized the importance of the gut-liver axis in its pathogenesis, an aspect less explored in human studies. Here, we investigated whether the duodenal epithelium of MASH patients could exhibit intrinsic dysfunctions.

Methods

Duodenal epithelial organoids were generated from 16 MASH patients and 14 healthy controls. Biopsies and patient-derived organoid transcriptomes were then analyzed to evaluate if specific intestinal pathways were differentially modulated in MASH subjects. Functional assays were performed to assess the duodenal epithelial absorptive potential and barrier functionality.

Results

Organoid formation efficiency was similar between control-derived duodenal epithelial organoids and MASH-derived duodenal epithelial organoids (MDEOs) (71% and 69%, respectively). Despite global heterogeneity in growth patterns, MDEOs frequently exhibited cystic spheroid morphology. MDEOs displayed altered digestive potential associated with reduced mature absorptive cell fate, but they retained their lipid metabolic capacity, possibly mediated by lipid oxidation in stem/progenitor cells. Additionally, MDEOs misexpressed components of tight and adherens junctions and desmosomes compared to controls. However, MDEOs maintained pore and leak pathway integrity, indicating that the duodenal epithelial barrier remained functionally preserved under tested conditions.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that the duodenal epithelium of MASH patients exhibits significant alterations in its nutrition-related and barrier functions. This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of duodenal epithelial alterations in MASH, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for restoring intestinal functions.
{"title":"Duodenal Organoids From Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Patients Exhibit Absorptive and Barrier Alterations","authors":"Alia Hadefi ,&nbsp;Morgane Leprovots ,&nbsp;Gilles Dinsart ,&nbsp;Maryam Marefati ,&nbsp;Marjorie Vermeersch ,&nbsp;Daniel Monteyne ,&nbsp;David Pérez-Morga ,&nbsp;Anne Lefort ,&nbsp;Frédérick Libert ,&nbsp;Laurine Verset ,&nbsp;Claire Liefferinckx ,&nbsp;Christophe Moreno ,&nbsp;Jacques Devière ,&nbsp;Eric Trépo ,&nbsp;Marie-Isabelle Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive liver disease that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Though MASH is closely tied to metabolic risk factors, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain scarcely understood. Recent research has emphasized the importance of the gut-liver axis in its pathogenesis, an aspect less explored in human studies. Here, we investigated whether the duodenal epithelium of MASH patients could exhibit intrinsic dysfunctions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Duodenal epithelial organoids were generated from 16 MASH patients and 14 healthy controls. Biopsies and patient-derived organoid transcriptomes were then analyzed to evaluate if specific intestinal pathways were differentially modulated in MASH subjects. Functional assays were performed to assess the duodenal epithelial absorptive potential and barrier functionality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Organoid formation efficiency was similar between control-derived duodenal epithelial organoids and MASH-derived duodenal epithelial organoids (MDEOs) (71% and 69%, respectively). Despite global heterogeneity in growth patterns, MDEOs frequently exhibited cystic spheroid morphology. MDEOs displayed altered digestive potential associated with reduced mature absorptive cell fate, but they retained their lipid metabolic capacity, possibly mediated by lipid oxidation in stem/progenitor cells. Additionally, MDEOs misexpressed components of tight and adherens junctions and desmosomes compared to controls. However, MDEOs maintained pore and leak pathway integrity, indicating that the duodenal epithelial barrier remained functionally preserved under tested conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides evidence that the duodenal epithelium of MASH patients exhibits significant alterations in its nutrition-related and barrier functions. This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of duodenal epithelial alterations in MASH, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for restoring intestinal functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73130,"journal":{"name":"Gastro hep advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Gastro hep advances
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