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Surnames of Georgian Jews: Historical and Linguistic Aspects 格鲁吉亚犹太人的姓氏:历史和语言方面
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030068
Alexander Beider
The article provides an analysis of several aspects of the corpus of surnames used by Jews who lived after the end of the Middle Ages in the territory that today corresponds to the Republic of Georgia. One section covers historical aspects: the earliest attestations and their exact status and the period when the use of surnames became stabilized. The next two sections discuss morphological aspects: the endings found in the surnames and historical, linguistic, and social explanations of the distribution observed, compound names, names with demonymic suffixes, and those based on hypocoristic forms of given names (a detailed coverage of methods of constructing such forms is also provided). In the remaining sections, the reader will find an analysis of phonetic peculiarities found in Georgian Jewish surnames, the types of surnames with their statistical distribution, as well as the description of surnames that were not created in Georgia but were brought as ready-made forms by Jews who migrated during the 19th–20th centuries to Georgia from other territories.
这篇文章分析了中世纪结束后生活在今天相当于格鲁吉亚共和国的领土上的犹太人使用的姓氏语料库的几个方面。其中一节涵盖了历史方面:最早的证明和他们的确切地位,以及姓氏使用稳定下来的时期。接下来的两节讨论了形态学方面的问题:姓氏中的词尾以及对所观察到的分布的历史、语言和社会解释,复合名,带有恶魔后缀的名字,以及基于假名形式的名字(还提供了构建这种形式的方法的详细覆盖)。在剩下的部分中,读者将发现对格鲁吉亚犹太人姓氏的语音特点的分析,姓氏的类型及其统计分布,以及对不是在格鲁吉亚创造的姓氏的描述,这些姓氏是19 - 20世纪从其他地区移民到格鲁吉亚的犹太人以现成的形式带来的。
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引用次数: 0
Ethical Dilemmas and Family History: A Psychological Approach 伦理困境与家族史:一种心理学方法
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030067
Susan M. Moore
Family historians frequently encounter ethical issues in the course of their research, and many come to recognise the moral dilemmas facing them. Common dilemmas revolve around topics such as whether family secrets should be revealed or favourite stories debunked in light of the evidence, how the privacy of living relatives can be maintained when family histories are published, if the ‘sins of the fathers’ require reparation (and how this might be possible), and to what extent is it acceptable to romanticise or ‘whitewash’ one’s ancestral story. In this paper, dilemmas such as these are discussed using the theoretical framework of psychologist Jonathan Haidt whose model of five moral ‘instincts’ includes care, fairness, loyalty, respect for authority, and sanctity. It is concluded that examining ethical issues using such a framework has the potential to stimulate empathy, reduce impulsive action, and increase the likelihood of finding creative solutions to moral dilemmas.
家族历史学家在研究过程中经常遇到伦理问题,许多人开始认识到他们面临的道德困境。常见的困境围绕着这样的话题:家庭秘密是否应该被披露,或者最喜欢的故事是否应该在证据的基础上被揭穿,当家族史被公布时,如何维护在世亲属的隐私,“父亲的罪”是否需要赔偿(以及这如何可能),以及在多大程度上可以接受浪漫化或“粉饰”一个祖先的故事。本文运用心理学家乔纳森·海特(Jonathan Haidt)的理论框架来讨论这些困境,海特的五种道德“本能”模型包括关怀、公平、忠诚、尊重权威和神圣。结论是,使用这样一个框架来审视道德问题有可能激发同理心,减少冲动行为,并增加找到创造性解决道德困境的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Assembling the Crisis of COVID-19 in Australia: A Foucauldian Analysis of Prime Ministerial Press Conferences in March 2020 2019冠状病毒病危机在澳大利亚的集结:对2020年3月总理新闻发布会的福柯式分析
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030066
Margo Turnbull
In this article, I present a Foucauldian analysis of the speeches made by the then Prime Minister of Australia (Mr. Scott Morrison) in March 2020. This analysis sets out to explore the political rationalities that assembled COVID-19 as a particular type of ‘problem’ that warranted unprecedented governmental intervention into the everyday lives of citizens. I believe that the insights provided by such an analysis are relevant to ongoing examination of governing in liberal democracies both during a crisis and afterwards.
在本文中,我对时任澳大利亚总理斯科特·莫里森(Scott Morrison)在2020年3月的讲话进行了福柯式的分析。本分析旨在探讨将COVID-19聚集为一种特殊类型的“问题”的政治合理性,这种“问题”需要政府对公民的日常生活进行前所未有的干预。我相信,这种分析所提供的洞见,与当前对自由民主国家在危机期间和危机之后的治理进行的考察是相关的。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Binding Moral Foundations on Prejudiced Attitudes toward Migrants: The Mediation Role of Perceived Realistic and Symbolic Threats 约束性道德基础对移民偏见态度的影响:感知现实威胁和象征性威胁的中介作用
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030065
Fleur Bianco, Ankica Kosic
(1) Background: This study explores how threat perception mediates the relationship between binding moral foundations and prejudice toward migrants. We hypothesized that the relationship between binding moral foundations and prejudice against migrants, which is already established in the literature, is mediated through realistic and symbolic threat perception. (2) Methods: Two separate samples were gathered, in Malta (N = 191) and Italy (N = 189). The participants responded to an anonymous questionnaire containing several scales: the Moral Foundation Questionnaire, perceived threat from migrants, prejudice toward migrants, and social distance from several macro-categories of migrants. (3) Results: We confirmed a significant relationship between binding moral foundations and explicit prejudice toward migrants, and also found that this relationship was mediated by perceived realistic and symbolic threats in both countries. However, when the indices of social distance were considered as criterion variables, the direct relationship between binding moral foundations and social distance was not confirmed for all the migrant macro-groups. In addition, in some migrant groups, we found that this relationship was mediated by perceived realistic and symbolic threats. (4) Conclusions: This study indicates that the perception of realistic threats may have a significant role in determining the effect of binding moral foundations; this may have theoretical and practical implications.
(1)背景:本研究探讨威胁感知在约束性道德基础与移民偏见之间的中介作用。我们假设,约束道德基础和对移民的偏见之间的关系,已经在文献中建立起来,是通过现实和象征性的威胁感知来调解的。(2)方法:分别在马耳他(N = 191)和意大利(N = 189)采集样本。参与者回答了一份包含几个量表的匿名问卷:道德基础问卷,对移民的感知威胁,对移民的偏见,以及与移民的几个宏观类别的社会距离。(3)结果:我们证实了约束性道德基础与对移民的显性偏见之间存在显著关系,并发现这种关系受到两国感知到的现实威胁和象征性威胁的中介作用。然而,当以社会距离指标作为衡量变量时,约束道德基础与社会距离之间的直接关系并未在所有流动人口宏观群体中得到证实。此外,在一些移民群体中,我们发现这种关系是由感知到的现实威胁和象征性威胁介导的。(4)结论:现实威胁感知对约束道德基础的影响有显著影响;这可能具有理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Child Trafficking in Africa: Reimagining the Problem 非洲贩卖儿童:重新思考这个问题
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030064
Mitterand Okorie, Uchenna Okeja
Current perspectives on the intractability of child trafficking in Africa considers the problem as a failure of law enforcement or a lack of political will by state actors. In response, these works tend to suggest the need for strengthened institutional mechanisms as a preventative measure to curb the problem. We contend however, that this perspective does not fully appreciate the seeming detachment of civil society in Africa regarding the plight of children. In light of this, we argue that an examination of child trafficking as an intractable human rights problem ought to first, interrogate how childhood is viewed in the continent. Such interrogation creates the possibility of reimagining the problem by observing the lived realities of children in Africa and the (in)ability of society to keep track with their humanity. Further, we propose the need to memorialize the harms that children in Africa have been exposed to in the past and present through commemorative markers, as a means of appreciating the precarity of childhood in the continent. We reason that doing so will create a stronger sense of responsibility for state and civil society towards children and potentially curb child trafficking.
目前对非洲贩卖儿童问题的看法认为,这是执法失败或国家行为体缺乏政治意愿的结果。因此,这些工作倾向于建议需要加强体制机制,作为遏制这一问题的预防性措施。然而,我们认为,这种观点并没有充分认识到非洲民间社会对儿童困境的态度似乎是超然的。鉴于此,我们认为,将贩卖儿童作为一个棘手的人权问题进行审查,应该首先询问非洲大陆是如何看待儿童的。通过观察非洲儿童的生活现实和社会对他们的人性的跟踪,这种审讯创造了重新想象问题的可能性。此外,我们建议有必要通过纪念标志来纪念非洲儿童在过去和现在所遭受的伤害,以此作为认识非洲大陆儿童不稳定的一种手段。我们认为,这样做将使国家和民间社会对儿童产生更强的责任感,并有可能遏制贩卖儿童。
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引用次数: 0
Genealogy of Depopulation Processes in Spain: A Case Study of Emigration among Young University Students 西班牙人口外流过程的系谱——以年轻大学生移民为例
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030063
Rocío Blanco-Gregory, María Cortés-Ruiz
In the mid-20th century, the region of Extremadura suffered an important exodus of unskilled young people in search of work opportunities that would allow them to survive. Nowadays, the phenomenon is repeating itself, but with certain differences. The current emigrant is somewhat more adult, more qualified and without a specific job in the place of destination. The current study focuses on a survey carried out at the University of Extremadura among students in the areas of social sciences, humanities, legal sciences and economics in order to understand their intention to emigrate abroad once they have finished their studies. We found that there is no distinction between genders and that most of the students have direct or indirect cases of international mobility in their environment, which encourages them to take this option into account if, once they have finished their studies, their job aspirations are not satisfied in their place of origin. This reflects certain similarities with the migratory movement that took place in the mid-20th century; however, today, the objectives pursued with this mobility are quite different.
20世纪中期,埃斯特雷马杜拉地区大量非技术青年外流,寻找能够生存的工作机会。如今,这种现象正在重演,但也有一定的差异。目前的移民在某种程度上更成熟,更合格,在目的地没有特定的工作。目前的研究重点是埃斯特雷马杜拉大学对社会科学、人文科学、法律科学和经济领域的学生进行的一项调查,以了解他们完成学业后移民国外的意图。我们发现,性别之间没有区别,大多数学生在他们的环境中都有直接或间接的国际流动性,这鼓励他们在完成学业后,如果他们的工作愿望在原籍地得不到满足,就考虑这一选择。这反映了与20世纪中期发生的移民运动的某些相似之处;然而,今天,这种流动所追求的目标却大不相同。
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引用次数: 0
Igniting Pathways for Land-Based Healing: Possibilities for Institutional Accountability 点燃陆上治疗之路:机构问责制的可能性
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030062
Diana Meléndez, Diana Ballesteros, Cameron Rasmussen, Alexis Jemal
U.S. based post-secondary educational institutions usually have violent origin stories that include land theft, genocide, and the participation in slavery. Schools of social work are no exception. In recent years, colleges and universities, including schools of social work, have started to confront their histories of and participation in racial-settler colonialism. The severance of land as kinship, and land theft, have been a significant part of the harms of racial-settler colonialism. Colleges and universities have benefited from land theft, primarily through land-grants. Still, institutional accountability has been minimal, including limited acknowledgment of harm and modest changes in curriculum and staff. This paper expands the terrain of institutional accountability in social work higher education to consider land-based healing initiatives as a critical remedy for the harms of racial settler colonialism. This paper provides a historical review and decolonial analysis of the connection between social work higher education and land-grant institutions. Building on social cartography literature, a mapping framework for decolonizing higher education is examined in relation to questions of institutional accountability by land-grant universities. This framework is offered in conjunction with contemporary examples of struggles for institutional accountability in and outside of higher education. The paper concludes with future recommendations for research related to institutional accountability and the implications of land-based healing as an approach.
美国的高等教育机构通常有着暴力的起源故事,包括土地盗窃、种族灭绝和参与奴隶制。社会工作学校也不例外。近年来,学院和大学,包括社会工作学院,已经开始面对他们在种族殖民主义中的历史和参与。作为亲属关系的土地分割和土地盗窃是种族定居者殖民主义危害的重要组成部分。学院和大学从土地盗窃中获益,主要是通过土地赠款。尽管如此,机构问责一直很少,包括对危害的有限承认,以及课程和员工的适度变化。本文扩展了社会工作高等教育机构问责的领域,将基于土地的治疗举措视为种族定居者殖民主义危害的关键补救措施。本文对社会工作高等教育与赠地机构之间的联系进行了历史回顾和非殖民化分析。在社会制图学文献的基础上,就赠地大学的体制责任问题审查了非殖民化高等教育的制图框架。这一框架是结合当代高等教育内外机构问责斗争的例子提出的。论文最后提出了与机构问责制和陆地治疗作为一种方法的影响有关的未来研究建议。
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引用次数: 0
International Migration: Definition, Causes and Effects 国际移民:定义、原因和影响
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030061
Samson Maekele Tsegay
This paper explores the concept of migration, and its causes and effects, with a focus on international migration. Various journal articles, reports, and policy documents are reviewed to address the controversies concerning the concept and key issues of migration. The paper indicates that migration is not only a contested concept, but migration research has resulted in different outcomes. It is mainly affected by personal, socio-economic, and political factors associated with the origin and host countries. Similarly, scholars have been asking the question, “who is a migrant?” for decades without a definite answer. It is also important to consider “what would happen after migrants obtain host country citizenship”: would they continue to be migrants, the host countries’ citizens, or both? This paper contributes to advancing our knowledge and broadening our understanding of the concept of migration and key issues associated with it. It also serves as a base for further discussion.
本文探讨了移民的概念,及其原因和影响,重点是国际移民。各种期刊文章,报告和政策文件进行审查,以解决有关移民的概念和关键问题的争议。本文指出,移民不仅是一个有争议的概念,而且移民研究也产生了不同的结果。它主要受到与原籍国和东道国有关的个人、社会经济和政治因素的影响。同样,学者们也一直在问这样一个问题:“谁是移民?”几十年来一直没有一个明确的答案。考虑“移民获得东道国公民身份后会发生什么”也很重要:他们是继续成为移民,还是东道国的公民,还是两者兼而有之?本文有助于提高我们的知识和扩大我们对移民概念和与之相关的关键问题的理解。它也可以作为进一步讨论的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Axiological Aspect of Sovereign States Armorial: Russia vs. Great Britain 主权国家纹章的价值论层面:俄国vs.大不列颠
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030060
Ekaterina V. Sklizkova
The semiosphere reflects universal and culturally determined characteristics. Heraldry is one of the most complex sign systems. Alive and flexible semiotics is urgent for studies. The aim of this paper is to mark the axiological character of Russian and British sovereign state armorials with an accent on animals. Based on both Russian and British research, this paper focuses on syntactics and pragmatics of arms analyzed in a synchronic and diachronic manner. A cross-cultural comparative approach to Russian and British armorial bearings can be viewed as a novel contribution. The paper embraces structural and semantic aspects, the temporal and pragmatics sphere and Jargon du blazon. English heraldry is relevant to the European tradition, and the Russian one has political value. For both countries, it is associated with foreign influence. The system of European coats of arms is coherent with the institution of property and war, and the Russian one with inheritance. For Britain, heraldry was one of the culture-forming components, and for Russia, it was just one of the elements of culture.
符号圈反映了普遍的和文化决定的特征。纹章是最复杂的标志系统之一。具有生命力和灵活性的符号学亟待研究。本文的目的是以动物为重点来标记俄罗斯和英国主权国家纹章的价值论特征。本文在俄英研究的基础上,着重从共时和历时两个角度对武器的句法和语用进行了分析。对俄罗斯和英国纹章方位的跨文化比较方法可以被视为一种新颖的贡献。本文涵盖了结构和语义、时间和语用领域以及双关语。英国纹章学与欧洲传统相关,而俄罗斯纹章学具有政治价值。对两国来说,这都与外国的影响有关。欧洲的盾徽制度与财产和战争制度相一致,而俄罗斯的盾徽则与继承制度相一致。对英国来说,纹章学是文化形成的组成部分之一,而对俄罗斯来说,它只是文化的元素之一。
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引用次数: 0
Identity Awoken in Second-Generation British Poles in the UK—Personal Journeys 第二代波兰人在英国的身份觉醒——个人旅程
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7030059
A. Bifulco, Maureen Smojkis
We examine the identity of British Poles born in the UK, whose parents arrived as allied servicemen and their families, seeking asylum following WW2. The two authors are from this community, and here examine their British-Polish identity along with other second-generation Poles in the UK. These individuals grew up in distinct communities exposed to the Polish language and culture but with restricted contact with communist Poland. The themes of response to parents’ trauma experience, Polish identity in childhood and in midlife, Polish language, and visiting family in Poland were explored. Many described parents as secretive about the horrors of war but keen to retain and propagate their Polish identity. Some felt they were not fully Polish, but their identity increased with access to modern Poland as adults. The Polish language was important to identity but linked to feeling inadequacy when not fluent. Visiting family in Poland enhanced identity, was valued, and provided information on family history. European identity was adopted by some to cover both their British and Polish identity. Genealogy and family history are popular and linked to community, and British Poles have a distinct contribution and a voice in showing how identity can emerge out of family trauma.
我们研究了出生在英国的英国波兰人的身份,他们的父母和他们的家人在二战后作为盟军军人来到英国寻求庇护。这两位作者都来自这个社区,并在这里考察他们的英国-波兰人身份以及其他第二代波兰人在英国。这些人在不同的社区长大,接触波兰语言和文化,但与共产主义波兰的接触有限。对父母创伤经历的反应、波兰童年和中年的身份认同、波兰语和波兰探亲等主题进行了探讨。许多人形容父母对战争的恐怖守口如瓶,但却热衷于保留和传播他们的波兰人身份。有些人觉得他们不是完全的波兰人,但他们的身份认同随着成年后进入现代波兰而增强。波兰语对身份认同很重要,但如果不流利,就会让人感到不足。在波兰探亲可以增强身份,受到重视,并提供有关家族史的信息。一些人采用欧洲身份来掩盖他们的英国和波兰人身份。家谱和家族史很受欢迎,并与社区联系在一起,英国波兰人在展示身份如何从家庭创伤中浮现方面做出了独特的贡献和发言权。
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引用次数: 0
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Genealogy
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