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Like Water, We Re-Member: A Conceptual Model of Identity (Re)formation through Cultural Reclamation for Indigenous Peoples of Mexico in the United States 像水一样,我们重新记忆:美国墨西哥土著居民通过文化开垦(重新)形成身份认同的概念模型
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040090
My Ngoc To, Ramona Beltrán, Annie Zean Dunbar, M. Valdovinos, Blanca-Azucena Pacheco, David W. Barillas Chón, Olivia Hunte, Kristina Hulama
Background: Diasporic Indigenous peoples of Mexico living in the United States continue to survive and reclaim their cultures despite multiple disruptions to identity formation resulting from systematic violence and cultural silencing enacted through white settler colonialism in the United States and Mexico. Honoring Indigenous survivance, the authors present a conceptual model of Indigenous identity healing and reformation that mirrors the dynamic qualities of water for Indigenous Mexican peoples living in the United States. Methods: The conceptual model arose from a ceremony-based, participatory, digital archiving project documenting Indigenous oral histories. The model is illustrated through case analysis of three Indigenous Mexican individuals living in the United States whose stories holistically represent the model’s components. Results: The case narratives illustrate how Indigenous Mexican identities are (re)formed by moving through the model components of Rift (disconnection from land, culture, and community), Longing (yearning to find what was lost), Reconnecting (reclaiming cultural practices), and Affirmation (strengthening of identity through community), via Reflection (memory work which propels movement through each stage). Conclusions: Findings suggest that identities can be (re)formed through reclaiming cultural practices and reconnecting with the community. This conceptual model may be useful for further understanding Indigenous Latinx identity development and healing.
背景:尽管美国和墨西哥白人定居者殖民主义实施的系统性暴力和文化沉默对土著身份的形成造成了多重破坏,但散居在美国的墨西哥土著人仍在继续生存并重新找回自己的文化。为了纪念土著人的生存,作者提出了一个土著人身份愈合和改革的概念模型,该模型反映了生活在美国的墨西哥土著人水的动态特性。方法:该概念模型源于一个以仪式为基础的、参与性的、记录土著口述历史的数字存档项目。通过对居住在美国的三位墨西哥原住民的案例分析来说明该模式,他们的故事从整体上体现了该模式的各个组成部分。结果:这些案例说明了墨西哥原住民身份是如何通过裂痕(与土地、文化和社区脱节)、渴望(渴望找到失去的东西)、重新连接(重拾文化习俗)和肯定(通过社区加强身份认同)等模型组成部分,并通过反思(记忆工作推动每个阶段的发展)来(重新)形成的。结论研究结果表明,身份可以通过恢复文化习俗和重新与社区建立联系来(重新)形成。这一概念模型可能有助于进一步理解拉丁裔土著人的身份发展和愈合。
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引用次数: 0
Transformations: A Personal History of Introducing Complicité into Academic Life and Learning Communities 变革:将 "共犯 "引入学术生活和学习社区的个人历程
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040089
N. Canefe
This essay documents my three-decade-long journey of connections and resultant transformations between scholarly knowledge and artistic production in my work. In reinvestigating my history with stage and visual arts, I trace the relationship between traditionally ‘alien’ practices and academic understandings of societal and political mass violence and invite the reader to reconsider what academia stands for in order to engage with borderless histories of conflict, violence, and displacement. This essay dwells on how artistic engagement is both a personal and a profoundly political process through which the experience of violence is communicated through thoughts, emotions, hopes, and expressions of trauma. There are also significant ethical concerns present concerning the portrayal of violence, death, and suffering, which the paper discusses under the aegis of ethics of witnessing as responsibility.
这篇文章记录了我三十年来在学术知识和艺术创作之间的联系和由此产生的转变。在重新探究我与舞台和视觉艺术的历史时,我追溯了传统上 "外来 "的实践与学术界对社会和政治大规模暴力的理解之间的关系,并邀请读者重新考虑学术界代表着什么,以便参与到无边界的冲突、暴力和流离失所的历史中。这篇文章探讨了艺术参与如何既是一个个人过程,又是一个深刻的政治过程,通过这一过程,暴力的体验通过思想、情感、希望和创伤的表达得以传达。对于暴力、死亡和苦难的描绘也存在着重大的伦理问题,本文在作为责任的见证伦理的框架下对此进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Lithuanian Feminine Surname Debates from a Central European Perspective 从中欧视角看立陶宛女性姓氏辩论
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040088
Justyna B. Walkowiak
Contemporary Lithuania remains the only European country in which official feminine surnames indicate their bearers’ marital status, and this has been the object of fierce public debates over the past decade. Czechia and Slovakia grapple with surprisingly similar issues, even though Czech and Slovak feminine surnames do not reveal marital status. Similar debates in Poland took place a century earlier, a fact which may indicate the possible direction of the changes in the three countries studied. The aim of this article is to present debates concerning feminine surnames in Lithuania from a wider perspective, regarding contemporary Czechia and Slovakia, as well as Poland in the interwar period, and to show from a wider Central and Eastern European perspective that, despite the obvious differences in naming patterns, Lithuanian discussions are not exceptional, and they are part of a larger tendency towards more freedom in the choice of official surname forms for women. It is evident that, although female surnames are inexorably embedded in the language systems of the countries in which they function, their future largely depends on extralinguistic factors such as societal attitudes. While feminine surnames in European states generally seem to be on the decline, the most controversial remain those types that reveal marital status or imply male possession of women, though pragmatic factors might play some role as well, particularly in the case of minorities.
当代立陶宛仍然是唯一一个官方女性姓氏显示其婚姻状况的欧洲国家,在过去十年中,这一直是公众激烈争论的对象。尽管捷克和斯洛伐克的女性姓氏不显示婚姻状况,但这两个国家仍在努力解决惊人相似的问题。波兰在一个世纪前也发生过类似的争论,这一事实可能表明了所研究的这三个国家的变化方向。本文旨在从更广阔的视角介绍立陶宛有关女性姓氏的辩论,包括当代的捷克和斯洛伐克,以及战时的波兰,并从更广阔的中欧和东欧视角说明,尽管在命名模式上存在明显差异,但立陶宛的讨论并非特例,它们是女性更自由地选择正式姓氏形式这一更大趋势的一部分。显而易见,尽管女性姓氏不可避免地融入了所在国家的语言系统,但其未来在很大程度上取决于社会态度等语言之外的因素。虽然欧洲各国的女性姓氏似乎在普遍减少,但最有争议的仍然是那些显示婚姻状况或暗示男性占有女性的姓氏,尽管实用因素也可能起一定作用,特别是在少数民族的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
Picturing Jewish Genealogy: Using Nineteenth-Century Portrait Albums as a Genealogical Source 绘制犹太族谱:利用十九世纪肖像册作为家谱资料来源
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040087
Michele Klein
This essay argues that the earliest genre of Jewish family photograph albums, the nineteenth-century portrait-card albums created by the bourgeoisie, may become a starting point for genealogical discoveries. Some display the visual genealogies of extended families, and many reveal the genealogical memories of family migration. The case studies presented here showcase the process through which an album became a starting point for the construction or expansion of a family’s genealogy. They draw on the radial sources commonly employed by family genealogists, including birth and burial records, censuses, and other archival materials. The discussion looks at the role of family albums in the passing down of family history to future generations.
本文认为,犹太家庭相册的最早类型--19 世纪资产阶级制作的肖像卡相册--可以成为家谱发现的起点。一些相册展示了大家族的视觉谱系,许多相册则揭示了家族迁徙的谱系记忆。本文介绍的案例研究展示了相册成为构建或扩展家族家谱起点的过程。这些研究利用了家谱学者通常使用的径向资料来源,包括出生和葬礼记录、人口普查和其他档案资料。讨论着眼于家族相册在向后代传承家族历史方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Life History Research and the Violence of War: Experiencing Binary Thinking on Pain and Privilege, Being and Knowing 生命史研究与战争暴力:体验痛苦与特权、存在与认识的二元思考
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040086
Maja Korac, Cindy Horst
This reflective piece explores the ‘I am the evidence’ side of the process of knowing. It offers the story of the Yugoslav wars of secession (1991–1999) and their human consequences from the point of view of someone who refuses to surrender ground to the socio-political conditions of life in which ethno-national and cultural differences have to be transgressed. The core of this article is based on the life history of Maja Korac, developed in conversation with Cindy Horst. It approaches the intersections of her life and research from a narrative research perspective. We engage in a contrapuntal discussion of how Maja’s family background, gender, social class, and ethnic/national identity affected her life choices in terms of political engagement, research trajectories, and mobility paths. In doing so, we follow Barad’s argument that we do not obtain knowledge by standing outside the world; we know because we are part of the world. Hence, our discussion and analysis enables the multivocal articulation of the interweaving of personal, collective, geopolitical, and historical contexts in Maja’s research. This process made Maja feel visible after a very long time, because it opened the possibility of (re)gaining the vocabulary to express who she is, and how it has been for her as a human being within a professional role and identity, as well as within an ascribed ethnic identity during a specific historic time. This opportunity for understanding and knowing while being inside the world allowed Maja to repossess her life and identity—individual, professional, collective. It also re-opened the possibility to challenge further the notion of ‘true knowledge’ that is presumably based on ‘methodologically sound paradigms’, all of which exclude the researcher as a person, as who, as a life.
这篇反思性的文章探讨了认知过程中“我就是证据”的一面。它从一个人的角度讲述了南斯拉夫分裂战争(1991-1999)的故事,以及他们对人类的影响,这个人拒绝向生活的社会政治条件投降,在这种条件下,民族和文化差异必须被超越。这篇文章的核心是基于Maja Korac的生活史,在与Cindy Horst的谈话中发展起来的。它从叙事研究的角度探讨了她的生活和研究的交叉点。我们对Maja的家庭背景、性别、社会阶层和种族/国家身份如何影响她在政治参与、研究轨迹和流动路径方面的生活选择进行了对位讨论。这样做,我们遵循巴拉德的论点,即我们不能通过站在世界之外获得知识;我们知道,因为我们是世界的一部分。因此,我们的讨论和分析使Maja的研究中个人、集体、地缘政治和历史背景的交织成为可能。这个过程让Maja在很长一段时间后感到自己的存在,因为它开启了(重新)获得表达她是谁的词汇的可能性,以及在特定历史时期,作为一个专业角色和身份的人,以及在一个被赋予的种族身份中,她是如何表现自己的。这个在世界内部理解和认识的机会让Maja重新拥有了她的生活和身份——个人的、专业的、集体的。它还重新开启了进一步挑战“真正的知识”概念的可能性,这种概念可能是基于“方法论上合理的范式”,所有这些范式都将研究人员作为一个人、一个人、一个生命排除在外。
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引用次数: 0
The Updated Scope of Genealogy 族谱的更新范围
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040084
Athena Leoussi
Our journal, Genealogy (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/genealogy), has published thought-provoking and ground-breaking research since 2017 and covers the vast field encompassed by the concept of ‘genealogy’ and phenomena related to genealogy [...]
我们的期刊,谱系(https://www.mdpi.com/journal/genealogy),自2017年以来发表了发人深省和突破性的研究,涵盖了“谱系”概念所涵盖的广阔领域以及与谱系相关的现象[…]
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引用次数: 0
A 150-Year Debate over Surnames vs. Patronymics in Iceland 冰岛150年的姓氏与父名之争
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040085
Kendra Willson
Iceland stands out in today’s Europe due to the fact that most Icelanders use patronymics rather than surnames. However, a small percentage of Icelanders do have surnames inherited in a fixed form. The first surnames were adopted in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, increasing numbers of Icelanders were taking up surnames, often Danicized or Latinized versions of Icelandic patronymics or place names. The practice became controversial with the rise of the independence movement, which was closely connected to linguistic purism. The use of surnames in Iceland has been debated since the 19th century. Whereas the other Nordic countries introduced legislation requiring citizens to have surnames, Iceland went in the opposite direction, forbidding new surnames starting in 1925. However, the surnames that were already in use were allowed to remain in circulation. This created an inequality which has haunted Icelandic name law discourse since. Having a surname in Iceland has often been linked with social prestige, and surnames have been perceived as a limited good. Since the 1990s, the fraction of Icelanders with surnames has increased through immigration and some liberalizations in the rules regarding the inheritance of existing Icelandic surnames. In the name of gender equity, surnames can be inherited along any line, not only patrilineal. Since 1996, immigrants seeking Icelandic citizenship are no longer required to change their names, and their children can inherit their surnames. The category of millinöfn (middle name), surname-like names that are not inflected for gender, was introduced in the 1996 law; some Icelanders with millinöfn use them as surnames in daily life even if they officially have patronymics. Despite the expansion in eligibility to take surnames, the basic principle that no new Icelandic surnames are allowed remains in the law and remains a point of contention. Many of the same themes—individual freedom vs. the preservation of cultural heritage, national vs. international orientation, gender equity—have recurred in the discourse over more than a century, reframed in the context of contemporary cultural values at any given time.
冰岛在今天的欧洲脱颖而出,因为大多数冰岛人使用父名而不是姓氏。不过,也有一小部分冰岛人的姓氏是固定继承的。第一个姓氏是在17世纪和18世纪采用的。在19世纪末和20世纪初,越来越多的冰岛人开始取姓氏,通常是冰岛父名或地名的丹麦化或拉丁化版本。随着与语言纯粹主义密切相关的独立运动的兴起,这种做法引起了争议。自19世纪以来,冰岛人对姓氏的使用一直存在争议。当其他北欧国家立法要求公民有姓氏时,冰岛却反其道而行之,从1925年开始禁止使用新姓氏。然而,已经在使用的姓氏被允许继续流通。这造成了一种不平等,从那以后,这种不平等一直困扰着冰岛的姓名法讨论。在冰岛,拥有姓氏通常与社会威望联系在一起,姓氏被认为是一种有限的好处。自20世纪90年代以来,有姓氏的冰岛人的比例随着移民和一些关于继承现有冰岛姓氏的规则的自由化而增加。在性别平等的名义下,姓氏可以通过任何家族传承,而不仅仅是父系。自1996年以来,寻求冰岛公民身份的移民不再需要改名,他们的孩子可以继承他们的姓氏。1996年的法律引入了millinöfn(中间名)这一类别,即不因性别而变化的类似姓氏的名字;一些拥有millinöfn的冰岛人在日常生活中使用它们作为姓氏,即使他们正式拥有父名。尽管姓氏的资格有所扩大,但法律中不允许使用新冰岛姓氏的基本原则仍然存在,这仍然是一个争议点。一个多世纪以来,许多相同的主题——个人自由与文化遗产保护、国家取向与国际取向、性别平等——在讨论中反复出现,并在任何特定时间的当代文化价值背景下被重新定义。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Origin in English and Spanish Forenames 来源在英语和西班牙语名称中的作用
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040083
Inmaculada de Jesús Arboleda Guirao
This study explores the evolving interest in names. Until now, the little research conducted has focused on surnames and place names. This paper examines the influence of origin and self-identity on reactions to forenames and pet forms by employing a comparative approach across English and Spanish languages. With 425 participants from Murcia, Spain, and Leeds, United Kingdom, this study employed a self-designed semi-structured questionnaire in both languages. The questionnaire addresses demographic information and name preferences and liking based on the participant and name origins. Using quota non-probability sampling and personal interviews, the research applied qualitative and quantitative analyses utilising SPSS 28.0.0 and thematic analysis. The findings highlight participants’ connections between names and origins, echoing the linguistic–cultural interplay. Divergences emerge in discussing fashion trends and self-identity expressions between Spanish and English participants, potentially tied to historical and linguistic factors. The study underscores varying name significance in the two districts, revealing insights into cultural and identity associations. Future research is recommended to explore sociodemographic factors and gender differences.
这项研究探讨了人们对名字的兴趣。到目前为止,这项小型研究主要集中在姓氏和地名上。本文采用英语和西班牙语的比较方法,考察了姓氏和自我认同对人名和宠物形式反应的影响。这项研究有来自西班牙穆尔西亚和英国利兹的425名参与者,采用了一份自行设计的半结构化问卷,使用两种语言。调查问卷涉及人口统计信息和基于参与者和姓名来源的姓名偏好和喜爱。本研究采用配额非概率抽样和个人访谈相结合的方法,运用SPSS 28.0.0软件和专题分析软件进行定性和定量分析。研究结果强调了参与者在名字和起源之间的联系,呼应了语言文化的相互作用。西班牙语和英语参与者在讨论时尚趋势和自我认同表达时出现了分歧,这可能与历史和语言因素有关。这项研究强调了两个地区名字的不同意义,揭示了文化和身份联系的见解。未来的研究建议探讨社会人口因素和性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Biblical Genealogy and Nationalism 圣经宗谱与民族主义
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040082
David Aberbach
The chronological/genealogical narrative structure of the Hebrew Bible points to an editorial aim: to give a history of Israel as a nation from Creation to the 6th century BCE Babylonian exile and the return to the land of Israel, and in so doing to bring to life and unite two dead Near Eastern kingdoms. This article considers the scribes and editors who created the structure of the Hebrew Bible as forerunners of modern cultural nationalists, especially of defeated or endangered peoples, who sought the survival and growth of the nation in literature. However, the monotheisms that derived from Judaism, and adopted Hebrew scripture as sacred, rarely accepted the Bible as the translation or adaptation of a Jewish work in the Jewish national language mostly on Jewish soil and under Jewish government in the 1st millennium BCE. Rather, anti-Semites taught a genealogy of Jewish guilt to the world, with extra charges based on supersessionist theology and anti-Jewish fantasies.
希伯来圣经的时间顺序/家谱叙事结构指向一个编辑目标:给出以色列作为一个民族的历史,从创世到公元前6世纪,巴比伦流亡和返回以色列的土地,这样做是为了让两个死去的近东王国复活并团结起来。本文认为创造希伯来圣经结构的文士和编辑是现代文化民族主义者的先驱,特别是那些在文学中寻求民族生存和发展的战败或濒临灭绝的民族。然而,起源于犹太教的一神教,并将希伯来圣经视为神圣的,很少接受圣经作为犹太民族语言的犹太作品的翻译或改编,主要是在公元前1千年的犹太土地上和犹太政府统治下。相反,反犹主义者向世界传授了一套犹太人罪恶感的谱系,并以取代主义神学和反犹太幻想为基础提出了额外的指控。
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引用次数: 0
Re-Search on the Hyphen: (Re)writing the Fragmented Self within Contexts of Displacement “连字号”研究:(再)书写置换语境中的碎片化自我
Q3 ETHNIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.3390/genealogy7040080
Lina Fadel
In responding to the call for exploring and explicating aspects of the research process that remain unspoken about in most social science fields, this narrative asks deceptively simple questions: what does it mean to carry out research as an academic with a lived experience of displacement, loss and pain? What are the methodological choices available to me as a migrant scholar? What does it really mean to write (about) the displaced-turned-emplaced self from the margin—myself being a case in point—within contexts of loss and displacement? My aim is to present a personal narrative that is uniquely mine, a story that may work with or against what is thought to be the official story. I defend the use of fragments, theoretically and methodologically, to avoid the homogenisation of narratives and assumptions about how research is carried out, how knowledge(s) are produced and reproduced, and who has the power to produce them. Thus, building on established scholarship cutting across various fields and guided by postcolonial and postmodernist theories, I hope to unpack the tensions and possibilities inherent in thinking about borders and positionality in academia (when the researcher dwells at the margins), identity, its fragmentation, and its entanglement with questions of decoloniality, narrative and voice.
为了回应探索和解释在大多数社会科学领域中仍未被提及的研究过程的各个方面的呼吁,这种叙述提出了一些看似简单的问题:作为一名学者,带着流离失所、失去和痛苦的生活经历进行研究意味着什么?作为一名流动学者,我有哪些方法论选择?在失落和流离失所的背景下,从边缘(我自己是一个恰当的例子)写从流离失所变成安置的自我,到底意味着什么?我的目的是呈现一种独特的个人叙述,一个可能与被认为是官方故事一致或相反的故事。我在理论上和方法上都为片段的使用辩护,以避免关于研究如何进行、知识如何产生和复制以及谁有能力产生它们的叙述和假设的同质化。因此,以跨领域的学术研究为基础,并以后殖民主义和后现代主义理论为指导,我希望能够解开思考学术界的边界和地位(当研究者居住在边缘时)、身份、碎片化及其与非殖民化、叙事和声音等问题的纠缠所固有的紧张和可能性。
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引用次数: 0
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Genealogy
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