Abstract Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe and frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Untreated cases very often lead to patients’ death; therefore, it is important to use markers sensitive and specific enough for the diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of nephritis. Autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) are believed to play a major role in SLE in general and so their significance in prediction and monitoring of glomerular inflammation is low. For prediction of renal flares and effective, well-timed therapy, it is required to have an appropriate marker available. In our study, we have tested sera of 85 SLE patients with or without LN. The criterion for LN determination was the degree of proteinuria (persistent proteinuria > 0.5 g/day, according to ACR criteria for LN). Disease activity was described by SLE disease index (SLEDAI) score, renal functions were stated according to British Isles Lupus Assessment Group score. There were anti-C1q, total anti-dsDNA and high-avidity anti-dsDNA detected in the patients’ sera. We did not find any significant difference in average SLEDAI value between patients with renal and non-renal organ complications. Positivity of anti-C1q was more frequent in patients with nephritis than in those without any history of renal disease (58.3 vs. 39.1%). Higher prevalence of these antibodies was evident in patients with clinically active LN than in those without renal improvement (73.1 vs. 39.1%). When comparing anti-C1q with antibodies against structures of DNA, significant differences were found in case of high avidity anti-dsDNA. Our results have confirmed the studies showing that anti-C1q antibodies could serve as a reliable serological marker of LN activity along with other laboratory tests. Detection of anti-C1q together with high avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies seems to be a good algorithm for the prediction of possible renal flares in SLE patients.
摘要狼疮性肾炎(Lupus nephroritis, LN)是系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)严重且常见的并发症。未经治疗的病例常常导致患者死亡;因此，使用足够敏感和特异性的标志物对肾炎的诊断和后续监测是很重要的。一般认为，抗双链DNA (anti-dsDNA)的自身抗体在SLE中起主要作用，因此其在肾小球炎症预测和监测中的意义较低。为了预测肾脏耀斑和有效、及时的治疗，需要有一个合适的标志物。在我们的研究中，我们检测了85例合并或不合并LN的SLE患者的血清。判断LN的标准是蛋白尿程度(根据ACR LN标准，持续性蛋白尿> 0.5 g/天)。采用SLE疾病指数(SLEDAI)评分描述疾病活动度，根据不列颠群岛狼疮评估组评分描述肾功能。患者血清中检测到抗c1q、总抗dsdna和高亲和力抗dsdna。我们没有发现肾脏和非肾脏器官并发症患者的平均SLEDAI值有显著差异。抗- c1q阳性在肾炎患者中比在没有肾脏病史的患者中更常见(58.3%比39.1%)。这些抗体在临床活动性LN患者中的患病率明显高于没有肾脏改善的患者(73.1% vs. 39.1%)。当比较抗c1q与抗DNA结构的抗体时，在高亲和度的抗dsdna中发现显著差异。我们的研究结果证实了抗c1q抗体可以作为LN活性的可靠血清学标记物以及其他实验室测试。检测抗c1q和高亲和力的抗dsdna抗体似乎是预测SLE患者可能出现的肾脏耀斑的良好算法。
{"title":"Clinical significance of anti-C1q antibodies in SLE","authors":"I. Stiborová, V. Král, J. Rovenský, S. Blažíčková","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe and frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Untreated cases very often lead to patients’ death; therefore, it is important to use markers sensitive and specific enough for the diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of nephritis. Autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) are believed to play a major role in SLE in general and so their significance in prediction and monitoring of glomerular inflammation is low. For prediction of renal flares and effective, well-timed therapy, it is required to have an appropriate marker available. In our study, we have tested sera of 85 SLE patients with or without LN. The criterion for LN determination was the degree of proteinuria (persistent proteinuria > 0.5 g/day, according to ACR criteria for LN). Disease activity was described by SLE disease index (SLEDAI) score, renal functions were stated according to British Isles Lupus Assessment Group score. There were anti-C1q, total anti-dsDNA and high-avidity anti-dsDNA detected in the patients’ sera. We did not find any significant difference in average SLEDAI value between patients with renal and non-renal organ complications. Positivity of anti-C1q was more frequent in patients with nephritis than in those without any history of renal disease (58.3 vs. 39.1%). Higher prevalence of these antibodies was evident in patients with clinically active LN than in those without renal improvement (73.1 vs. 39.1%). When comparing anti-C1q with antibodies against structures of DNA, significant differences were found in case of high avidity anti-dsDNA. Our results have confirmed the studies showing that anti-C1q antibodies could serve as a reliable serological marker of LN activity along with other laboratory tests. Detection of anti-C1q together with high avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies seems to be a good algorithm for the prediction of possible renal flares in SLE patients.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"11 1","pages":"15 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79130108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate consumer satisfaction with pharmaceutical care provided in community pharmacies at the region level. Expectations and opinions of consumers were also confronted with the assumptions of pharmacists. Up to 82.0% of consumers confirmed their satisfaction with the care given to them by the pharmacist. A key factor of consumer satisfaction has been the professional (78.7%) and human approach (83.5%) of the pharmacist. A total of 73.6% of consumers in the survey accepted the pharmacist as an expert in medicines. The pharmacist´s self-evaluation was more negative. Monitoring and evaluation of consumer satisfactory with pharmaceutical care is not only essential for improvement of the quality of the healthcare system and for the implementation of pharmaceutical care focussed on the patient, but it may influence the economic and financial outcomes of entities providing pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies. Slovak abstract Cieľom tejto pilotnej štúdie bolo zhodnotiť spokojnosť zákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou poskytovanou vo verejných lekárňach na lokálnej úrovni. Očakávania a názory zákazníkov boli zároveň porovnané s predpokladmi lekárnikov. Až 82,0% zákazníkov potvrdilo svoju spokojnosť so starostlivosťou, ktorú im poskytuje lekárnik. Ako kľúčový faktor spokojnosti zákazníkov sa ukázal profesionálny (78,7%) a ľudský prístup (83,5%) lekárnika. 73,6% zákazníkov v našom prieskume akceptovalo lekárnika ako odborníka na lieky. Sebahodnotenie lekárnikov bolo negatívnejšie. Monitoring a hodnotenie spokojnosti zákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou je nevyhnutné nielen pre zlepšenie kvality systému zdravotnej starostlivosti a pre implementáciu lekárenskej starostlivosti orientovanej na pacienta, ale môže ovplyvniť ekonomické a finančné výsledky subjektov poskytujúcich lekárenskú starostlivosť vo verejných lekárňach.
摘要本初步研究的目的是评估消费者对社区药房提供的药学服务的满意度。消费者的期望和意见也面临着药剂师的假设。高达82.0%的消费者对药师给予他们的护理表示满意。影响消费者满意度的关键因素是药师的专业性(78.7%)和人性化(83.5%)。调查中共有73.6%的消费者接受药师是药品专家。药师的自我评价较为消极。监测和评价消费者对药学服务的满意度不仅对提高卫生保健系统的质量和实施以患者为中心的药学服务至关重要，而且还可能影响社区药房提供药学服务的实体的经济和财务结果。斯洛伐克抽象Cieľom tejto pilotnej štúdie bolo zhdnotilovspokojnoslovzákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou poskytovanou vo verejných lekárňach na lokálnej úrovni。Očakávania a názory zákazníkov boli zároveň porovnan s predpokladmi lekárnikov。ajaj82,0% zákazníkov potvrdilo svoju spokojnosovso starostlivosťou, ktorú im poskytuje lekárnik。Ako kľúčový faktor spokojnosti zákazníkov sa ukázal profesionálny (78.7%) a ľudský prístup (83.5%) lekárnika。73,6% zákazníkov v našom prieskume akceptovalo lekárnika ako odborníka na lieky。Sebahodnotenie lekárnikov bolo negatívnejšie。监测一个hodentenie spokojnosti zákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou je nevyhnutnnez nilen pre zlepšenie质量系统 zdravotnej starostlivosti a pre implementáciu lekárenskej starostlivosti orientovanejna pacienta, ale môže ovplyvniov ekonomick a financialn výsledky subjektov poskytujúcich lekárenskú starostlivosvovo verejných lekárňach。
{"title":"Consumer satisfaction with pharmaceutical care in Slovak community pharmacies / Spokojnosť klientov lekární s lekárenskou starostlivosťou na Slovensku","authors":"D. Mináriková, I. Malovecká, V. Foltán","doi":"10.2478/afpuc-2014-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2014-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate consumer satisfaction with pharmaceutical care provided in community pharmacies at the region level. Expectations and opinions of consumers were also confronted with the assumptions of pharmacists. Up to 82.0% of consumers confirmed their satisfaction with the care given to them by the pharmacist. A key factor of consumer satisfaction has been the professional (78.7%) and human approach (83.5%) of the pharmacist. A total of 73.6% of consumers in the survey accepted the pharmacist as an expert in medicines. The pharmacist´s self-evaluation was more negative. Monitoring and evaluation of consumer satisfactory with pharmaceutical care is not only essential for improvement of the quality of the healthcare system and for the implementation of pharmaceutical care focussed on the patient, but it may influence the economic and financial outcomes of entities providing pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies. Slovak abstract Cieľom tejto pilotnej štúdie bolo zhodnotiť spokojnosť zákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou poskytovanou vo verejných lekárňach na lokálnej úrovni. Očakávania a názory zákazníkov boli zároveň porovnané s predpokladmi lekárnikov. Až 82,0% zákazníkov potvrdilo svoju spokojnosť so starostlivosťou, ktorú im poskytuje lekárnik. Ako kľúčový faktor spokojnosti zákazníkov sa ukázal profesionálny (78,7%) a ľudský prístup (83,5%) lekárnika. 73,6% zákazníkov v našom prieskume akceptovalo lekárnika ako odborníka na lieky. Sebahodnotenie lekárnikov bolo negatívnejšie. Monitoring a hodnotenie spokojnosti zákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou je nevyhnutné nielen pre zlepšenie kvality systému zdravotnej starostlivosti a pre implementáciu lekárenskej starostlivosti orientovanej na pacienta, ale môže ovplyvniť ekonomické a finančné výsledky subjektov poskytujúcich lekárenskú starostlivosť vo verejných lekárňach.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"20 1","pages":"25 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87814233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The identification of species in the genus Mentha is especially difficult because of the ease of hybridization, favoured by gynodioecy, which is further complicated by polymorphism, cultivation, polyploidy and vegetative propagation. This all explains the genicpopulation and microevolutionary background for variability of mints. In this work we studied the usage of micromorphological and phytochemical parameters in identification and characterization of selected Mentha species. On abaxial surface of leaves of 20 Mentha populations we determined the size and the number of peltate glandular trichomes. The essential oil was analysed by GC MS. We identified and characterized populations of M. × piperita, M. spicata, M. spicata subsp. condensata, M. spicata var. crispa, M. spicata var. citrata, M. × gentilis, M. aquatic, M. arvensis amd M. longifolia. The size and the number of peltate glandular trichomes contribute to characterisation of some Mentha species (especially in M. longifolia and M. × piperita). Slovak Abstract Identifikacia druhov v rode Mentha L. je obzvlašť naročna. Je to sposobene ľahkym križenim podporenym gynodioeciou, ktora je ďalej skomplikovana polymorfizmom, pestovanim, polyploiditou a vegetativnym rozmnožovanim, čo vysvetľuje genetickopopulačne a mikroevolučne pozadie premenlivosti v rode Mentha. V tejto praci sme študovali využitie mikromorfologickych a fytochemickych parametrov pri identifikacii a charakterizacii vybranych druhov rodu Mentha. Na spodnej pokožke listov 20 populacii Mentha sme stanovili veľkosť a počet „žliazok typu Lamiaceae“. Silicu sme analyzovali pomocou GC MS. Identifikovali a charakterizovali sme populacie druhov M. × piperita, M. spicata, M. spicata subsp. condensata, M. spicata var. crispa, M. spicata var. citrata, M. × gentilis, M. aquatic, M. arvensis a M. longifolia. Sledovanie veľkosti a počtu „žliazok typu Lamiaceae prispievaju k charakterizacii niektorych druhov Mentha (najma M. longifolia a M. × piperita).
摘要薄荷属植物的品种鉴定特别困难，因为它易于杂交，以雌蕊为优势，而多态性、培养、多倍体和无性繁殖使其更加复杂。这一切都解释了薄荷变异的遗传种群和微观进化背景。本文研究了微形态和植物化学参数在薄荷属植物鉴定中的应用。在20个薄荷种群的叶片背面测定了叶顶腺毛的大小和数量。采用气相色谱质谱法对其挥发油进行了分析。水杨花、玉米花、柑橘花、真豆花、水杨花、木香花和长叶花。一些薄荷属植物(特别是长叶薄荷和毛薄荷)的大小和数量决定了它们的特征。【摘要】斯洛伐克鉴定卡acia druhov v . Mentha L. je obzvlašť naro na。Je to sposobene ľahkym križenim podporenym gynodioeciou, ktora Je ďalej skomplikovana polymorfizmom, pestovanim, polyploiditou a vegeatinym rozmnožovanim， o vysvetľuje genetickopopulane a micro - evolutene pozadie premenlivosti v . Mentha。目的:应用微形态学、微化学、微化学参数等方法，鉴定和表征薄荷酸。Na spodnej pokožke listov 20 populacii Mentha sme stanovili veľkosť a po et“žliazok typu Lamiaceae”。辣椒粉虱、辣椒粉虱、辣椒粉虱亚种辣椒粉虱特征鉴定。水杨花、玉米花、柠檬花、真豆花、水杨花、木香花和长叶花。Sledovanie veľkosti a po tu“žliazok typu Lamiaceae pripievaju k charterizaci niektorych druhov Mentha (najma M. longifolia a M. x piperita)。
{"title":"The exploitation of micromorphological parameters for identification in the section / Mentha Využitie mikromorfologických parametrov pri identifikácii v sekcii Mentha","authors":"S. Fialová, L. Halušová, D. Tekeľová, D. Grančai","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The identification of species in the genus Mentha is especially difficult because of the ease of hybridization, favoured by gynodioecy, which is further complicated by polymorphism, cultivation, polyploidy and vegetative propagation. This all explains the genicpopulation and microevolutionary background for variability of mints. In this work we studied the usage of micromorphological and phytochemical parameters in identification and characterization of selected Mentha species. On abaxial surface of leaves of 20 Mentha populations we determined the size and the number of peltate glandular trichomes. The essential oil was analysed by GC MS. We identified and characterized populations of M. × piperita, M. spicata, M. spicata subsp. condensata, M. spicata var. crispa, M. spicata var. citrata, M. × gentilis, M. aquatic, M. arvensis amd M. longifolia. The size and the number of peltate glandular trichomes contribute to characterisation of some Mentha species (especially in M. longifolia and M. × piperita). Slovak Abstract Identifikacia druhov v rode Mentha L. je obzvlašť naročna. Je to sposobene ľahkym križenim podporenym gynodioeciou, ktora je ďalej skomplikovana polymorfizmom, pestovanim, polyploiditou a vegetativnym rozmnožovanim, čo vysvetľuje genetickopopulačne a mikroevolučne pozadie premenlivosti v rode Mentha. V tejto praci sme študovali využitie mikromorfologickych a fytochemickych parametrov pri identifikacii a charakterizacii vybranych druhov rodu Mentha. Na spodnej pokožke listov 20 populacii Mentha sme stanovili veľkosť a počet „žliazok typu Lamiaceae“. Silicu sme analyzovali pomocou GC MS. Identifikovali a charakterizovali sme populacie druhov M. × piperita, M. spicata, M. spicata subsp. condensata, M. spicata var. crispa, M. spicata var. citrata, M. × gentilis, M. aquatic, M. arvensis a M. longifolia. Sledovanie veľkosti a počtu „žliazok typu Lamiaceae prispievaju k charakterizacii niektorych druhov Mentha (najma M. longifolia a M. × piperita).","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"366 1","pages":"14 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83567436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is an important essential oil containing Mediterranean medicinal plant that is commonly cultivated for pharmaceutical uses. In addition to essential oil, other compounds participate on the biological effects of sage, mainly diterpenes, triterpenes and phenolic compounds of the hydroxycinnamic and flavonoid types. Sage essential oil content is known to differ in plant parts, and to be influenced by plant phenophase, climatic and edaphic conditions. This work deals with the study of total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD), and specifically rosmarinic acid (RA), content variation in different aerial parts of sage linked to different harvest times. Dry sage leaves (Salviae officinalis folium) THD content was quantified using a pharmacopoeial method, and varied between 3.06 % and 3.52 % in different harvest times, with maxima in youngest plant shoot leaves and newly-grown shoots in September. Sage stems showed similar THD content variations when linked to harvest times, however with lower percentage, 1.33 - 3.04 %. Rosmarinic acid variability showed the same trends, its content ranged between 0.76 % and 1.65 % in leaves, and between 0.19 % and 0.83 % in stems, respectively. Highest percentages of both THD and RA were found in top leaves, lowest in leaves from the middle of the stem. When linked to plant phenophase, the content of THD and RA decreased at flowering time. Slovak abstract Salvia officinalis L. (šalvia lekarska) je vyznamnou silicovou liečivou rastlinou domacou v oblasti Stredomoria, pre farmaceuticke učely sa pestuje. Okrem silice sa na biologickom učinku rastliny podieľaju hlavne diterpeny, triterpeny a fenolove latky typu hydroxyškoricovych derivatov a flavonoidov. Je zname, že obsah a kvalita silice v šalvii koliše v zavislosti od rastlinnej časti, vyvinovej fazy, klimatickych a podnych podmienok. V našej praci sme sledovali kolisanie obsahu celkovych hydroxyškoricovych derivatov (THD) a samotnej kyseliny rozmarinovej (RA) v nadzemnych častiach šalvie lekarskej v roznych terminoch zberu. Obsah THD v suchych listoch (Salviae officinalis folium) stanoveny liekopisnou metodou kolisal v jednotlivych terminoch zberu od 3,06 % do 3,52 %, najvyšši bol v listoch z vyhonkov najmladšich rastlin a z novonarastenych vyhonkov v septembri. Podobne kolisanie obsahu THD v jednotlivych zberoch bolo aj v stonkach, tie však obsahovali len 1,33 - 3,04 %. Rovnaku variabilitu obsahu sme zaznamenali pri kyseline rozmarinovej, jej obsah v listoch kolisal od 0,76 % do 1,65 % a v stonkach od 0,19 % do 0,83 %. Najvyšši obsah THD a RA bol vo vrcholovych listoch, najnižši v listoch umiestnenych v strede stonky. Počas kvitnutia rastliny sa obsah THD a RA v listoch znižil.
鼠尾草(Salvia officinalis L.，鼠尾草)是一种重要的地中海药用植物，是一种常用的药用植物。除精油外，其他化合物也参与鼠尾草的生物效应，主要是二萜、三萜和酚类化合物，包括羟基肉桂类和类黄酮类。鼠尾草精油的含量在不同的植物部位是不同的，并且受植物物候期、气候和土壤条件的影响。本文研究了不同采收期鼠尾草不同部位总羟基肉桂衍生物(THD)，特别是迷迭香酸(RA)含量的变化。采用药典方法定量测定了鼠尾草干叶的THD含量，不同采收期THD含量在3.06% ~ 3.52%之间变化，以9月份最嫩苗叶和新苗的THD含量最高。鼠尾草茎中THD含量随收获时间的变化相似，但所占比例较低，为1.33% ~ 3.04%。迷迭香酸的变异趋势相同，其含量在叶片中为0.76% ~ 1.65%，在茎中为0.19% ~ 0.83%。THD和RA在茎上叶的比例最高，在茎中叶的比例最低。当与植物物候期相关时，THD和RA含量在花期降低。斯洛伐克摘要鼠尾草(šalvia lekarska) je vyznamnou silovou lie ivou rastlinou domacou v oblasti Stredomoria, pre - pharmaceutical ticke u ely sa pestuje。俄克拉荷马硅酸钠生物学名: inku - 1 - podieľaju甲二萜，甲三萜，甲三萜，甲三萜，甲三萜，甲三萜，甲三萜，甲三萜，甲三萜，hydroxyškoricovych衍生物甲黄酮类化合物。jzname， že obsah a kvalita silice v šalvii koliše v zavislostid rastlinnej ， vyvinovej fazy, klimatickych a podnych podmienok。V našej praci sme sledovali kolisanie obsahu celkovych hydroxyškoricovych derivatov (THD) a samotnej kyseliny rozmarinovej (RA) V nadzemnych astiach šalvie lekarskej V roznych terminoch zberu。Obsah THD v suchich listoch (Salviae officinalis folium) stanovy like kopisnow metodou kolisal v jeednotlivych terminoch zberu % 3,06% do 3,52%， najvyšši bold v listoch z vyhonkov najmladšich rastlin a z novonarastenych vyhonkov v september。Podobne kolisanie obsahu THD v jednotlivych zberoch bolo aj v stonkach, tie však obsahovali len 1,33 - 3,04%。Rovnaku variabili obsahu - zaznamenali - kyseline rozmarinvej, jejobisah - listoch - olisol = 0.76 %， 1,65 %， vstonkach - 0.19 %， 1,83 %。Najvyšši obsah THD a RA bol vo vrcholovich, najnižši v listoch unestenych v stredestky。由于kvitnutia迅速地将THD和RA与listech联系起来znižil。
{"title":"Hydroxycinnamic derivatives content in plant organs linked to harvest time of Salvia officinalis L. cv. ‘Krajová’ / Obsah hydroxyškoricových derivátov v rastlinných orgánoch Salvia officinalis L. cv. ‘Krajová’ v závislosti od termínu zberu","authors":"D. Tekeľová, J. Tóth, S. Czigle, A. Koutsoulas","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is an important essential oil containing Mediterranean medicinal plant that is commonly cultivated for pharmaceutical uses. In addition to essential oil, other compounds participate on the biological effects of sage, mainly diterpenes, triterpenes and phenolic compounds of the hydroxycinnamic and flavonoid types. Sage essential oil content is known to differ in plant parts, and to be influenced by plant phenophase, climatic and edaphic conditions. This work deals with the study of total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD), and specifically rosmarinic acid (RA), content variation in different aerial parts of sage linked to different harvest times. Dry sage leaves (Salviae officinalis folium) THD content was quantified using a pharmacopoeial method, and varied between 3.06 % and 3.52 % in different harvest times, with maxima in youngest plant shoot leaves and newly-grown shoots in September. Sage stems showed similar THD content variations when linked to harvest times, however with lower percentage, 1.33 - 3.04 %. Rosmarinic acid variability showed the same trends, its content ranged between 0.76 % and 1.65 % in leaves, and between 0.19 % and 0.83 % in stems, respectively. Highest percentages of both THD and RA were found in top leaves, lowest in leaves from the middle of the stem. When linked to plant phenophase, the content of THD and RA decreased at flowering time. Slovak abstract Salvia officinalis L. (šalvia lekarska) je vyznamnou silicovou liečivou rastlinou domacou v oblasti Stredomoria, pre farmaceuticke učely sa pestuje. Okrem silice sa na biologickom učinku rastliny podieľaju hlavne diterpeny, triterpeny a fenolove latky typu hydroxyškoricovych derivatov a flavonoidov. Je zname, že obsah a kvalita silice v šalvii koliše v zavislosti od rastlinnej časti, vyvinovej fazy, klimatickych a podnych podmienok. V našej praci sme sledovali kolisanie obsahu celkovych hydroxyškoricovych derivatov (THD) a samotnej kyseliny rozmarinovej (RA) v nadzemnych častiach šalvie lekarskej v roznych terminoch zberu. Obsah THD v suchych listoch (Salviae officinalis folium) stanoveny liekopisnou metodou kolisal v jednotlivych terminoch zberu od 3,06 % do 3,52 %, najvyšši bol v listoch z vyhonkov najmladšich rastlin a z novonarastenych vyhonkov v septembri. Podobne kolisanie obsahu THD v jednotlivych zberoch bolo aj v stonkach, tie však obsahovali len 1,33 - 3,04 %. Rovnaku variabilitu obsahu sme zaznamenali pri kyseline rozmarinovej, jej obsah v listoch kolisal od 0,76 % do 1,65 % a v stonkach od 0,19 % do 0,83 %. Najvyšši obsah THD a RA bol vo vrcholovych listoch, najnižši v listoch umiestnenych v strede stonky. Počas kvitnutia rastliny sa obsah THD a RA v listoch znižil.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"17 1","pages":"40 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73617749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Our recent study is focussed on the investigation of the influence of biotic (Botrytis cinerea, methyl jasmonate) and abiotic (cadmium and cobalt chloride) elicitors on Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) suspension cultures production properties. The plant material was treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (10 and 100 μmol.l−1), with a phytopathogenic fungus hydrolyzate (Botrytis cinerea, 1 and 2 ml with glucose equivalent 24 μg.ml−1), cadmium and cobalt (II) chloride (both at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1 and 1 μmol.l−1). Elicited suspension cultures were harvested after 24, 48 and 72 h of elicitor treatment. The elicitation effect was evaluated based on hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content expressed as rosmarinic acid in dose- and time-dependent manners. The Botrytis cinerea hydrolyzate exhibited the best effect on Melissa officinalis L. suspension cultures production properties among biotic elicitors (glucose equivalent 24 mg.ml−1, 1 ml, after 72 h of treatment). The hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content increased in triplicate compared to non-elicited samples. Methyl jasmonate affected the suspension cultures production properties moderately at concentration 10 μmol.l−1. Chlorides salts of cobalt and cadmium stimulated phenolic compounds production effectively at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1. The presence of cobalt and cadmium ions in suspension cultures growth media increased the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content twofold and quadruple, respectively. Slovak abstract Súčasná práca je zameraná na štúdium vplyvu biotických (Botrytis cinerea, metyljazmonát) a abiotických elicitorov (chlorid kademnatý a chlorid kobaltnatý) na produkčné vlastnosti suspenzných kultúr medovky lekárskej (Melissa officinalis L.). Rastlinný materiál bol elicitovaný metyljazmonátom (10 and 100 μmol.l-1), hydrolyzátom bunkovej steny fytopatogénnej huby Botrytis cinerea (1 a 2 ml s glukózovým ekvivalentom 24μg.ml-1), chloridom kademnatým a kobaltnatým (oba v koncentráciách 100 and 1 μmol.l-1). Elicitované kultúry boli vystavené expozícii elicitorov po dobu 24, 48 a 72 h. Efekt elicitácie sa hodnotil na základe obsahu derivátov kyseliny hydroxyškoricovej, vyjadrených ako kyseliny rozmarínová, v závislosti od koncentrácie použitého elicitora a dĺžky jeho pôsobenia. Spomedzi testovaných biotických elicitorov najúčinnejšie podporil produkčné vlastnosti suspenzných kultúr Melissa officinalis L. hydrolyzát z Botrytis cinerea (glukózový ekvivalent 24 mg.ml-1, 1 ml, doba pôsobenia 72 h). Obsah derivátov kyseliny hydroxyškoricovej sa po elicitácii zvýšil trojnásobne v porovnaní s neelicitovanými kultúrami. Produkčná schopnosť suspenzných kultúr elicitovaných metyljazmonátom sa mierne zvýšila len pri použití koncentrácie 10 μmol.l-1. Chlorid kobaltnatý a kademnatý efektívne stimulovali produkciu fenolových látok pri koncentrácii 100 μmol.l-1. Prítomnosť iónov kobaltu a kadmia v rastových médiách suspenzných kultúr viedla k dvoj-, resp. štvorn
摘要本研究主要研究了生物激发子(葡萄灰霉病菌、茉莉酸甲酯)和非生物激发子(镉和氯化钴)对柠檬香蜂草悬浮培养物生产性能的影响。用不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯(10和100 μmol.l−1)、植物病原真菌水解物(Botrytis cinerea, 1和2 ml，葡萄糖相当于24 μg.ml−1)、镉和氯化钴(II)(浓度均为100 μmol)处理植物材料。L−1和1 μmol.l−1)。在诱导剂处理24、48和72 h后收获诱导的悬浮培养。以迷迭香酸表示的羟基肉桂酸衍生物含量为基础，以剂量和时间依赖性评价诱导效果。在生物激发剂(葡萄糖当量24 mg)中，番茄葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)水解物对Melissa officinalis L.悬浮培养的生产性能影响最大。Ml−1,1 Ml，处理72 h后)。与非诱导样品相比，三次样品的羟基肉桂酸衍生物含量增加。茉莉酸甲酯浓度为10 μmol.l−1时，对悬浮培养物的生产性能有一定影响。在浓度为100 μmol.l−1时，钴和镉的氯化物盐有效地刺激了酚类化合物的生成。悬浮培养基中钴离子和镉离子的存在使羟基肉桂酸衍生物的含量分别增加了2倍和4倍。斯洛伐克文摘苏časna praca我zamerana naštudium vplyvu biotickych(葡萄孢菌,metyljazmonat) abiotickych elicitorov(氯化物kademnaty一氯化物kobaltnaty) na produkčne vlastnosti suspenznych文化medovky lekarskej (Melissa officinalis l .)。Rastlinný materiál bol elicitovaný metyljazmonátom (10 μmol.l-1和100 μmol.l-1)， hydrolyzátom bunkovej steny fytopatognnej huby Botrytis cinerea (1 a 2 ml s glukózovým ekvivaltom 24μg.ml-1)， chloridom kademnatým a kobaltnatým (oba v koncentráciách 100和1 μmol.l-1)。文化Elicitovane站勃利vystavene expozicii elicitorov阿宝多布人24日,48 72 h。Efekt elicitacie sa hodnotil na zaklade obsahu derivatov kyseliny羟基škoricovej, vyjadrenych赤穗kyseliny rozmarinova, v zavislosti od koncentracie použiteho elicitora dĺž肯塔基州jeho posobenia。Spomedzi testovaných biotických elicitorov najúčinnejšie podporil produk n vlastnosti suspenzných kultúr Melissa officinalis L. hydrolyzát z Botrytis cinerea (glukózový ekvivalent 24 mg。ml-1, 1 ml, doba pôsobenia 72 h). Obsah derivátov kyseliny hydroxyškoricovej sa po elicitácii zvýšil trojnásobne v porovnaní s neelicitovanými kultúrami。produk nschopnos.com suspenzných kultúr elicitovaných metyljazmonátom sa mierne zvýšila len pri použití koncentrácie 10 μmol.l-1。氯kobaltnatý a kademnatý efektívne刺激产物fenolových látok pri koncentrácii 100 μmol.l-1。Prítomnosť iónov kobaltu a kadmia v rastových médiách suspenzných kultúr viedla k dvoj-， rep。štvornásobnému zvýšeniu obsahu derivátov kyseliny hydroxyškoricovej。
{"title":"Elicitation – a tool to improve secondary metabolites production in Melissa Officinalis L. Suspension cultures / Elicitácia ako nástroj na zlepšenie produkcie sekundárnych metabolitov v suspenzných kultúrach Melissa Officinalis L.","authors":"J. Urdová, M. Rexová, P. Mučaji, A. Balažová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our recent study is focussed on the investigation of the influence of biotic (Botrytis cinerea, methyl jasmonate) and abiotic (cadmium and cobalt chloride) elicitors on Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) suspension cultures production properties. The plant material was treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (10 and 100 μmol.l−1), with a phytopathogenic fungus hydrolyzate (Botrytis cinerea, 1 and 2 ml with glucose equivalent 24 μg.ml−1), cadmium and cobalt (II) chloride (both at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1 and 1 μmol.l−1). Elicited suspension cultures were harvested after 24, 48 and 72 h of elicitor treatment. The elicitation effect was evaluated based on hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content expressed as rosmarinic acid in dose- and time-dependent manners. The Botrytis cinerea hydrolyzate exhibited the best effect on Melissa officinalis L. suspension cultures production properties among biotic elicitors (glucose equivalent 24 mg.ml−1, 1 ml, after 72 h of treatment). The hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content increased in triplicate compared to non-elicited samples. Methyl jasmonate affected the suspension cultures production properties moderately at concentration 10 μmol.l−1. Chlorides salts of cobalt and cadmium stimulated phenolic compounds production effectively at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1. The presence of cobalt and cadmium ions in suspension cultures growth media increased the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content twofold and quadruple, respectively. Slovak abstract Súčasná práca je zameraná na štúdium vplyvu biotických (Botrytis cinerea, metyljazmonát) a abiotických elicitorov (chlorid kademnatý a chlorid kobaltnatý) na produkčné vlastnosti suspenzných kultúr medovky lekárskej (Melissa officinalis L.). Rastlinný materiál bol elicitovaný metyljazmonátom (10 and 100 μmol.l-1), hydrolyzátom bunkovej steny fytopatogénnej huby Botrytis cinerea (1 a 2 ml s glukózovým ekvivalentom 24μg.ml-1), chloridom kademnatým a kobaltnatým (oba v koncentráciách 100 and 1 μmol.l-1). Elicitované kultúry boli vystavené expozícii elicitorov po dobu 24, 48 a 72 h. Efekt elicitácie sa hodnotil na základe obsahu derivátov kyseliny hydroxyškoricovej, vyjadrených ako kyseliny rozmarínová, v závislosti od koncentrácie použitého elicitora a dĺžky jeho pôsobenia. Spomedzi testovaných biotických elicitorov najúčinnejšie podporil produkčné vlastnosti suspenzných kultúr Melissa officinalis L. hydrolyzát z Botrytis cinerea (glukózový ekvivalent 24 mg.ml-1, 1 ml, doba pôsobenia 72 h). Obsah derivátov kyseliny hydroxyškoricovej sa po elicitácii zvýšil trojnásobne v porovnaní s neelicitovanými kultúrami. Produkčná schopnosť suspenzných kultúr elicitovaných metyljazmonátom sa mierne zvýšila len pri použití koncentrácie 10 μmol.l-1. Chlorid kobaltnatý a kademnatý efektívne stimulovali produkciu fenolových látok pri koncentrácii 100 μmol.l-1. Prítomnosť iónov kobaltu a kadmia v rastových médiách suspenzných kultúr viedla k dvoj-, resp. štvorn","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"18 1","pages":"46 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79924387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The content of phenolic compounds (total phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanidins) of three species of thyme (Thymus pulegioides, Thymus pannonicus, Thymus praecox) of different origin (Bohemian-Moravian highlands, Křivoklat and Považsky Inovec) was determined using spectrophotometric methods of European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition. Furthermore, the determination of the content of essential oil and analysis of its constituents was realised. The amount of total phenolics was determined by a spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Their content ranged from 3.87 to 8.86%. The content of tannins was established on a preliminary determination of the total phenolics, followed by adsorption of tannins on hide powder. The amount of tannins in our samples varied from 1.96 to 5.65%. The content of total flavonoids was determined by a spectrophotometric method using aluminium chloride. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids has shown that content in our samples ranged from 0.59 to 1.52% expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (λ = 392 nm) and from 0.41 to 1.12% expressed as rutin (λ = 420 nm). Anthocyanins represent a small amount of total polyphenol content in Thymus species. In our samples, the content of anthocyanins expressed as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside varied from 0.02 to 0.1%. The determination of essential oil was realised by method of European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition. Its contents in our samples ranged from 0.2 to 0.75%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for essential oil analysis. According to the presence of main monoterpene in Thymus essential oil, we can distinguish three chemotypes: thymol, carvacrol and linalool. Due to variations of chemical constituents of thyme essential oil, it was possible to observe a relationship between occurrence of certain chemotype and origin of sample. Differences in content of flavonoids have not shown a significant relationship to locality of origin. Slovak abstract Predložena praca bola zamerana na stanovenie obsahu vybranych fenolovych zlučenin (celkove fenoly, triesloviny, flavonoidy a antokyany) troch roznych druhov rodu Thymus (T. pulegioides, T. pannonicus, T. praecox) s rozdielnym povodom (Českomoravska vrchovina, Křivoklat a Považsky Inovec). Na stanovenie tychto zložiek boli využite spektrofotometricke metody Europskeho liekopisu, 8. vydanie. Zaroveň bol stanoveny aj obsah silice a bola vykonana analyza jej zložiek. Obsah celkovych polyfenolov bol stanoveny spektrofotometrickou metodou s využitim Folin-Ciocalteovho činidla. Obsah kolisal od 3.87 % do 8,86 %. Obsah trieslovin bol realizovany na zaklade predošleho stanovenia obsahu celkovych fenolov, a to adsorpciou trieslovin na kožny prašok. Ich obsah sa pohyboval v rozmedzi 1,96 % do 5,65 %. Na stanovenie obsahu flavonoidov bola využita spektrofotometricka metoda s chloridom hlinitym. Obsah flavonoidov vyjadrenych ako luteolin-7-O-glukozid (λ = 392 nm) kolisal od 0,59 % do 1,52 % a obsah flavonoidov vyj
摘要采用欧洲药典第8版分光光度法测定了不同产地(波希米亚-摩拉维亚高原、Křivoklat和Považsky Inovec)三种百里香(thyymus pulegioides、thyymus pannonicus、thyymus praecox)中酚类化合物(总酚类化合物、单宁、黄酮类化合物和花青素)的含量。此外，还实现了精油含量的测定和成分的分析。用福林- ciocalteu试剂分光光度法测定总酚的含量。其含量为3.87 ~ 8.86%。通过对鞣质总酚类物质的初步测定，确定鞣质在皮粉上的吸附量。样品中单宁的含量从1.96到5.65%不等。用氯化铝分光光度法测定了总黄酮的含量。黄酮类化合物含量为0.59 ~ 1.52%，以木犀草素-7- o -葡萄糖苷(λ = 392 nm)和0.41 ~ 1.12%，以芦丁(λ = 420 nm)表达。花青素在胸腺属植物中代表了少量的总多酚含量。在我们的样品中，以花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷表示的花青素含量从0.02到0.1%不等。采用欧洲药典第8版的方法测定精油的含量。其含量在0.2 ~ 0.75%之间。精油分析采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术。根据麝香精油中主要单萜的存在，我们可以区分出三种化学型:麝香酚、香芹酚和芳樟醇。由于百里香精油化学成分的差异，可以观察到某些化学型的发生与样品来源之间的关系。黄酮类化合物含量的差异与产地没有明显的关系。斯洛伐克摘要Predložena praca bola zamerana na stanovenie obsahu vybranych fenolovych zlu enin (celkove fenoly, triesloviny, flavonoids a antokyany) troch roznych druhov rodu胸腺(T. pulegioides, T. pannonicus, T. praecox) s rozdielnym povodom (Českomoravska vrchovina, Křivoklat a Považsky Inovec)。Na stanovenie tychto zložiek boli využite光谱测量方法Europskeho likeopisu, 8。vydanie。zaroveovi bol stanoveny aj obsah silice a bola vykonana分析jej zložiek。Obsah celkovich polyfenolov bolv stanovy分光光度法为využitim Folin-Ciocalteovho inidla。奥巴萨人占3.87%，占8.86%。奥巴茨洛夫波尔实现了对奥巴茨洛夫波尔的吸附，对奥巴茨洛夫波尔的吸附kožny prašok。我obsah sa pohyboval v rozmedzi 1,做5 96%,65%。黄芪黄酮类化合物využita分光光度法测定氯化物含量。黄芪黄酮类化合物(λ = 392nm)溶出度为0.59%，溶出度为1.52%;黄芪黄酮类化合物(λ = 420 nm)溶出度为0.41%，溶出度为1.12%。Antokyany zaberaju v ramci fenolovych zložiek rodu胸腺最小平台。V našich vzorkach bol obsah antokyanov vyjady ako花青素-3- o -葡萄糖酸盐为0,02%，为0,1%。Na stanovenie obsahu silice bola využita mettoda Europskeho liekopisu, 8.vydanie。奥巴沙硅酸盐的含盐量为0,2 %，高于0,75 %。钠分析硅酸钠的研究进展využita新方法色谱法是一种高效的光谱法。Na zaklade等人分析了紫斑蝽的化学型，并对紫斑蝽的化学型、紫斑蝽的化学型、紫斑蝽的化学型进行了分析。Vďaka variaciami chemickeho zloženia silice, bolo možne pozorovakov vzťah medzi pritomnosťou ur itho chemotypu a povodom vzorky。Rozdiely v stanoveni obsahu黄酮nepreukazali žiadny vyrazny vzťah k lokalite povodu。
{"title":"Polyphenolic compounds and essential oil analysis of selected species of the genus Thymus / Analýza fenolových zložiek a analýza silice vybraných druhov rodu Thymus","authors":"M. Kameníková, S. Fialová, A. Ťažký, I. Čičová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The content of phenolic compounds (total phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanidins) of three species of thyme (Thymus pulegioides, Thymus pannonicus, Thymus praecox) of different origin (Bohemian-Moravian highlands, Křivoklat and Považsky Inovec) was determined using spectrophotometric methods of European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition. Furthermore, the determination of the content of essential oil and analysis of its constituents was realised. The amount of total phenolics was determined by a spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Their content ranged from 3.87 to 8.86%. The content of tannins was established on a preliminary determination of the total phenolics, followed by adsorption of tannins on hide powder. The amount of tannins in our samples varied from 1.96 to 5.65%. The content of total flavonoids was determined by a spectrophotometric method using aluminium chloride. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids has shown that content in our samples ranged from 0.59 to 1.52% expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (λ = 392 nm) and from 0.41 to 1.12% expressed as rutin (λ = 420 nm). Anthocyanins represent a small amount of total polyphenol content in Thymus species. In our samples, the content of anthocyanins expressed as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside varied from 0.02 to 0.1%. The determination of essential oil was realised by method of European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition. Its contents in our samples ranged from 0.2 to 0.75%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for essential oil analysis. According to the presence of main monoterpene in Thymus essential oil, we can distinguish three chemotypes: thymol, carvacrol and linalool. Due to variations of chemical constituents of thyme essential oil, it was possible to observe a relationship between occurrence of certain chemotype and origin of sample. Differences in content of flavonoids have not shown a significant relationship to locality of origin. Slovak abstract Predložena praca bola zamerana na stanovenie obsahu vybranych fenolovych zlučenin (celkove fenoly, triesloviny, flavonoidy a antokyany) troch roznych druhov rodu Thymus (T. pulegioides, T. pannonicus, T. praecox) s rozdielnym povodom (Českomoravska vrchovina, Křivoklat a Považsky Inovec). Na stanovenie tychto zložiek boli využite spektrofotometricke metody Europskeho liekopisu, 8. vydanie. Zaroveň bol stanoveny aj obsah silice a bola vykonana analyza jej zložiek. Obsah celkovych polyfenolov bol stanoveny spektrofotometrickou metodou s využitim Folin-Ciocalteovho činidla. Obsah kolisal od 3.87 % do 8,86 %. Obsah trieslovin bol realizovany na zaklade predošleho stanovenia obsahu celkovych fenolov, a to adsorpciou trieslovin na kožny prašok. Ich obsah sa pohyboval v rozmedzi 1,96 % do 5,65 %. Na stanovenie obsahu flavonoidov bola využita spektrofotometricka metoda s chloridom hlinitym. Obsah flavonoidov vyjadrenych ako luteolin-7-O-glukozid (λ = 392 nm) kolisal od 0,59 % do 1,52 % a obsah flavonoidov vyj","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"76 1","pages":"12 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74421777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Malovecká, K. Papargyris, D. Minarikova, V. Foltán, A. Jankovská
Abstract Monitoring, calculation and assessment of community pharmacy prosperity with the help of financial analysis indicators for years 2003-2012, using financial statements was conducted, with respect to profitability parameters such as gross and net profit ratios. These ratios reflect various changes that hold between years 2003 and 2012. Under the time of financial crisis, recession and serious socioeconomic changes the profitability parameter gross profit ranged from x2003-2011=14.3-22.8% (average=19.2%, mean=19.8%, σ=2.4), but in 2012 decreased on 14.3%. Net profit ranged x2003-2011 = 2.3-18.3% (average=14.6%, mean =16.6%, σ = 4.9), while in 2012 reached only 2.3%. All changes that have taken place in the society had impact on community pharmacy finance by worsening its profitability. Therefore, the stability of community pharmacy may be threatened and may affect its future performance.
{"title":"Prosperity of community pharmacy evaluated by gross and net profit and suggested corrective measures. 10 years study / Prosperita verejnej lekárne hodnotená prostredníctvom hrubého a čistého zisku a opatrenia vedúce k ich náprave. 10 ročná štúdia","authors":"I. Malovecká, K. Papargyris, D. Minarikova, V. Foltán, A. Jankovská","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monitoring, calculation and assessment of community pharmacy prosperity with the help of financial analysis indicators for years 2003-2012, using financial statements was conducted, with respect to profitability parameters such as gross and net profit ratios. These ratios reflect various changes that hold between years 2003 and 2012. Under the time of financial crisis, recession and serious socioeconomic changes the profitability parameter gross profit ranged from x2003-2011=14.3-22.8% (average=19.2%, mean=19.8%, σ=2.4), but in 2012 decreased on 14.3%. Net profit ranged x2003-2011 = 2.3-18.3% (average=14.6%, mean =16.6%, σ = 4.9), while in 2012 reached only 2.3%. All changes that have taken place in the society had impact on community pharmacy finance by worsening its profitability. Therefore, the stability of community pharmacy may be threatened and may affect its future performance.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"24 1","pages":"20 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83386063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study deals with effect of hospital pharmacist on solving drug-related problems (DRP) in inpatients. The study was carried out as a prospective 5-week study at the Cardiology Clinic, Teaching Hospital, Nitra. The study group included 73 inpatients. Pharmacotherapy of each patient was analysed for DRP within 24-48 h after admission. Information on patients was collected from electronic database, medical reports, communication with attending doctors and ward rounds. Patients’ age, medical history, diagnoses, medication prescribed during hospitalisation and laboratory test results were assessed for further pharmacotherapy rationalisation. Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification scheme for DRP V6.2 was used to characterise DRP. There were 36 DRP identified in 37% inpatients (n = 27). The most frequent causes of DRP were dose-related (n = 13; 26%) and use Slovak abstract Táto práca poukazuje na možnosti farmaceuta pri identifikovaní a riešení farmakoterapeutických problémov (DRP) u hospitalizovaných pacientov. Sledovaný súbor tvorilo 73 pacientov, ktorí boli hospitalizovaní na Kardiologickej klinike. U každého pacienta zaradeného do štúdie sa prehodnotila terapia do 24-48 hodín od prijatia k hospitalizácii. Informácie o pacientoch sme čerpali z elektronickej databázy, chorobopisov, osobnej konzultácie s lekárom a lekárskych vizít. Sledovanými údajmi pri racionalizácii terapie bol vek pacienta, lieková anamnéza, diagnózy, ordinovaná terapia a laboratórne parametre. Identifikáciu a riešenie DRP sme vykonávali podľa PCNE klasifikácie V6.2. V 37% (n=27) chorobopisov sme identifikovali 36 DRP. Najčastejšou príčinou DRP bola veľkosť dávky (n=13; 26%) a výber nevhodného alebo kontraindikovaného liečiva (n=11; 22%). Cieľom tejto
摘要本研究探讨医院药师在解决住院患者药物相关问题(DRP)中的作用。该研究是在尼特拉教学医院心脏病学诊所进行的一项为期5周的前瞻性研究。研究组包括73名住院患者。在入院后24-48 h内分析每位患者的药物治疗DRP。从电子数据库、医疗报告、与主治医生的通信和查房中收集患者信息。对患者的年龄、病史、诊断、住院期间开具的药物和实验室检查结果进行评估，以进一步使药物治疗合理化。使用欧洲药学保健网络(PCNE) DRP V6.2分类方案来描述DRP。37%的住院患者中有36例DRP (n = 27)。DRP最常见的病因与剂量有关(n = 13;26%)，并使用斯洛伐克语摘要Táto práca poukazuje na možnosti farmaceuta pri identifikovaní a riešení farmakoterapeutických probblastmov (DRP) u hospitalizovaných pacientov。Sledovaný súbor tvorilo 73 pacientov, ktorí boli hospitalizovaní na cardiologickej klinike。U každého pacienta zaradensamho do štúdie sa prehodnotila terapia do 24-48 hodín od prijatia k hospitalizácii。Informácie o pacientoch sme erpali z elektronickej databázy, chorobopisov, osobnej konzultácie s lekárom a lekárskych vizít。Sledovanými údajmi pri racionalizácii terapie bol vek pacienta, liekov anamnpras, diagnózy, ordinovan terapia a laboratórne参数。Identifikáciu a riešenie DRP sme vykonávali podľa PCNE klasifikácie V6.2。V 37% (n=27)，氯opisov sme identifikovali 36 DRP。Najčastejšou príčinou DRP曲线veľkosť dávky (n=13;26%) a výber nevhodnsamho albo kontraindikovansamho lieva (n=11;22%)。Cieľom tejto
{"title":"Medication review in inpatients at cardiology clinic / Prehodnotenie terapie u hospitalizovaných pacientov na kardiologickej klinike","authors":"B. Kováčová, J. Hasilla, A. Ďurišová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study deals with effect of hospital pharmacist on solving drug-related problems (DRP) in inpatients. The study was carried out as a prospective 5-week study at the Cardiology Clinic, Teaching Hospital, Nitra. The study group included 73 inpatients. Pharmacotherapy of each patient was analysed for DRP within 24-48 h after admission. Information on patients was collected from electronic database, medical reports, communication with attending doctors and ward rounds. Patients’ age, medical history, diagnoses, medication prescribed during hospitalisation and laboratory test results were assessed for further pharmacotherapy rationalisation. Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification scheme for DRP V6.2 was used to characterise DRP. There were 36 DRP identified in 37% inpatients (n = 27). The most frequent causes of DRP were dose-related (n = 13; 26%) and use Slovak abstract Táto práca poukazuje na možnosti farmaceuta pri identifikovaní a riešení farmakoterapeutických problémov (DRP) u hospitalizovaných pacientov. Sledovaný súbor tvorilo 73 pacientov, ktorí boli hospitalizovaní na Kardiologickej klinike. U každého pacienta zaradeného do štúdie sa prehodnotila terapia do 24-48 hodín od prijatia k hospitalizácii. Informácie o pacientoch sme čerpali z elektronickej databázy, chorobopisov, osobnej konzultácie s lekárom a lekárskych vizít. Sledovanými údajmi pri racionalizácii terapie bol vek pacienta, lieková anamnéza, diagnózy, ordinovaná terapia a laboratórne parametre. Identifikáciu a riešenie DRP sme vykonávali podľa PCNE klasifikácie V6.2. V 37% (n=27) chorobopisov sme identifikovali 36 DRP. Najčastejšou príčinou DRP bola veľkosť dávky (n=13; 26%) a výber nevhodného alebo kontraindikovaného liečiva (n=11; 22%). Cieľom tejto","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"20 1","pages":"15 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86030249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fialová, D. Tekeľová, K. Rendeková, J. Klinčok, M. Kolařík, K. Kurucová, D. Grančai
Abstract Mints rank among the most important Lamiaceae plants. In addition to essential oil, they contain many valuable phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids that participate in mints’ pharmacological properties. In this work, we examined the contents of phenolic compounds variation in the course of 4 years of vegetation. We compared the contents of total hydroxycinnamic derivatives expressed as rosmarinic acid (λ = 505 nm), total polyphenols and tannins expressed as rosmarinic acid (λ = 760 nm), and flavonoids expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (λ = 392 nm) and quercetin (λ = 420 nm) in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old plants’ dry leaves, respectively. Spectrophotometric methods of the European Pharmacopoeia were employed. Our results show high levels of active phenolic compounds, particularly in 3- and 4-year-old plants. Slovak abstract Mäty patria medzi významné rastliny čeľade Lamiaceae. Okrem silice obsahujú množstvo cenných fenolových látok, vrátane flavonoidov a fenolových kyselín, ktoré sa spolupodieľajú na farmakologickej aktivite mäty. V našej práci sme hodnotili kolísanie obsahu fenolových látok počas 4 rokov vegetácie. Pri 1- až 4-ročných rastlinách sme porovnali v suchých listoch obsah hydroxyškoricových derivátov vyjadrených ako kyselina rozmarínová (λ = 505 nm), polyfenolov a trieslovín vyjadrených ako kyselina rozmarínová (λ = 760 nm) a flavonoidov vyjadrených ako luteolín-7-O-glukozid (λ = 392 nm) a kvercetín (λ = 420 nm). Využili sme spektrofotometrické metódy Európskeho liekopisu. Naše výsledky poukazujú na vysoké hodnoty fenolových látok najmä v 3- a 4-ročných porastoch.
薄荷是兰科最重要的植物之一。除了精油，它们还含有许多有价值的酚类化合物，包括类黄酮和酚酸，它们参与薄荷的药理特性。在这项工作中，我们研究了4年植被中酚类化合物含量的变化。我们比较了1年、2年、3年和4年生植物干叶中以迷迭香酸(λ = 505 nm)表达的总羟基肉桂衍生物、以迷迭香酸(λ = 760 nm)表达的总多酚和单宁以及以木犀草素-7- o -葡萄糖苷(λ = 392 nm)和槲皮素(λ = 420 nm)表达的总黄酮的含量。采用欧洲药典分光光度法。我们的研究结果显示，活性酚类化合物的含量很高，特别是在3年和4年的植物中。斯洛伐克摘要Mäty麻樟významné rastliny čeľade Lamiaceae。Okrem硅obsahujú množstvo cenných fenolových látok, vrátane黄酮a fenolových kyselín, ktor sa spolupodieľajú na farmakologickej activite mäty。V našej práci sme hodnotili kolísanie obsahu fenolových látok po as 4 rokov vegetácie。革命制度党1 -ž4-ročnych rastlinach中小企业porovnali v suchych listoch obsah羟基škoricovych derivatov vyjadrenych赤穗kyselina rozmarinova(λ= 505海里),polyfenolov一trieslovin vyjadrenych赤穗kyselina rozmarinova(λ= 760海里)flavonoidov vyjadrenych赤穗luteolin-7-O-glukozid(λ= 392海里)kvercetin(λ= 420海里)。Využili sme光谱测量技术 metódy Európskeho liekopisu。Naše výsledky poukazujú na vysok hodnoty fenolových látok najmä v3 - a 4-ročných porastoch。
{"title":"Phenolic compounds variation in Mentha L. Species in the course of a four-years period / Kolísanie fenolových látok v rôznych druhoch Mentha L. Počas 4 ročného obdobia","authors":"S. Fialová, D. Tekeľová, K. Rendeková, J. Klinčok, M. Kolařík, K. Kurucová, D. Grančai","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mints rank among the most important Lamiaceae plants. In addition to essential oil, they contain many valuable phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids that participate in mints’ pharmacological properties. In this work, we examined the contents of phenolic compounds variation in the course of 4 years of vegetation. We compared the contents of total hydroxycinnamic derivatives expressed as rosmarinic acid (λ = 505 nm), total polyphenols and tannins expressed as rosmarinic acid (λ = 760 nm), and flavonoids expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (λ = 392 nm) and quercetin (λ = 420 nm) in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old plants’ dry leaves, respectively. Spectrophotometric methods of the European Pharmacopoeia were employed. Our results show high levels of active phenolic compounds, particularly in 3- and 4-year-old plants. Slovak abstract Mäty patria medzi významné rastliny čeľade Lamiaceae. Okrem silice obsahujú množstvo cenných fenolových látok, vrátane flavonoidov a fenolových kyselín, ktoré sa spolupodieľajú na farmakologickej aktivite mäty. V našej práci sme hodnotili kolísanie obsahu fenolových látok počas 4 rokov vegetácie. Pri 1- až 4-ročných rastlinách sme porovnali v suchých listoch obsah hydroxyškoricových derivátov vyjadrených ako kyselina rozmarínová (λ = 505 nm), polyfenolov a trieslovín vyjadrených ako kyselina rozmarínová (λ = 760 nm) a flavonoidov vyjadrených ako luteolín-7-O-glukozid (λ = 392 nm) a kvercetín (λ = 420 nm). Využili sme spektrofotometrické metódy Európskeho liekopisu. Naše výsledky poukazujú na vysoké hodnoty fenolových látok najmä v 3- a 4-ročných porastoch.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"7 1","pages":"2 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78645108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Polášková, J. Spilková, A. Matějíček, H. Studená
Abstract The content of anthocyanins in fruits (Sambucus nigra. Vaccinium myrtillus. Aronia melanocarpa) and in some fruit (berry) products was determined by differential spectrophotometry, a method recommended by AOAC International (former Association of Official Analytical Chemists). The method takes advantage of the reversible pH-dependent transformation of the colour to the colourless form of anthocyanins. The procedure and evaluation were refined to allow measurements of incompletely specified anthocyanin mixtures. Parameters of the determination (buffer composition, pH, stabilisation of samples, reference standards) were optimised. Using the modified method, anthocyanins in various matrices (fruits, syrups, wines) were measured with the aim to explain possible losses of these active substances during processing and/or storage of fruit products. Real samples of commercial products recommended conventionally as a valuable source of antioxidants were analysed and in some of them, only low levels of anthocyanins were found. In a model arrangement, anthocyanins in the skin and the pulp of Sambucus nigra fruits were extracted separately. In all samples of various cultivars, anthocyanins were present predominantly in the skin (up to 90% of the total content). Considering this, among other factors, a suitable extraction technology might improve the quality of berry products substantially. Slovak abstract Obsah anthokyanů v plodech (Sambucus nigra. Vaccinium myrtillus. Aronia melanocarpa) a v některych produktech z plodů byl stanoven diferenčni spektrofotometrii, metodou doporučenou AOAC International (dřivějši Associace oficialnich analytickych chemiků). Metoda využiva reverzibilni transformace barevne formy anthokyanů na bezbarvou v zavislosti na pH. Postup i způsob hodnoceni byly upraveny tak, aby umožnily měřeni i u ne zcela přesně definovanych směsi anthokyanů. Byly optimalizovany podminky stanoveni (složeni pufrů, pH, stabilizace vzorků, referenčni standardy). Pomoci modifikovane metody byly změřeny anthokyany v různych matricich (plody, sirupy, vino) s cilem vysvětlit možne ztraty aktivnich latek při zpracovani plodů a/nebo uchovavani produktů. Byly analyzovany vzorky vyrobků dostupnych v obchodni siti a doporučovanych obvykle jako cenny zdroj antioxidantů - v některych byl nalezen jen maly obsah anthokyanů. V modelovem uspořadani byly odděleně extrahovany anthokyany ze slupek a dužniny plodů Sambucus nigra. Ve všech vzorcich z různych kultivarů byly anthokyany přitomny převažně ve slupkach (až 90 % celkoveho obsahu). Tyto i dalši faktory je nutno brat v uvahu při vyvoji vhodne technologie, ktera by mohla podstatně zlepšit kvalitu vyrobků z plodů.
摘要对黑参果实中花青素的含量进行了研究。Vaccinium myrtillus。采用AOAC国际(前官方分析化学家协会)推荐的差示分光光度法测定一些水果(浆果)产品中的黑胶野樱草(Aronia melanocarpa)和其他一些成分。该方法利用了可逆的ph依赖性转化的颜色到无色形式的花青素。程序和评价进行了改进，以允许测量不完全指定的花青素混合物。对测定参数(缓冲液组成、pH、样品稳定性、参比标准品)进行优化。使用改进的方法，测量了各种基质(水果，糖浆，葡萄酒)中的花青素，目的是解释这些活性物质在加工和/或水果产品储存过程中可能的损失。研究人员分析了传统上被推荐为抗氧化剂宝贵来源的商业产品的真实样品，其中一些样品中只发现了低水平的花青素。采用模型排列法，分别提取黑参果皮和果肉中的花青素。在各种品种的所有样品中，花青素主要存在于果皮中(高达总含量的90%)。考虑到这一点，在其他因素中，合适的提取技术可能会大大提高浆果产品的质量。斯洛伐克语摘要Obsah anthokyanovplodech (Sambucus nigra)。Vaccinium myrtillus。黑果紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花紫花。mettoda využiva reverzibilni transform barevne formy anthokyanov na bezbarvou v zavislosti na pH. Postup i způsob hodnoceni byly upraveny tak, aby umožnily měřeni i u ne zcela přesně definovanych smuisi anthokyanov。Byly优化了sovany podminky stanoveni (složeni pufrv2, pH，稳定剂vzorv2，参考标准)。Pomoci modifikovane method by změřeny anthokyany v různych matririch (plody, sirupy, vino) s cilem vysvinitlit možne ztry aktivnich latek při zpracovani plodlova /nebo uchovavani productlovi。通过分析，我们发现了一种新型的抗氧化剂，即抗氧化剂-抗氧化剂-抗氧化剂-抗氧化剂。V modelovem uspořadani byly oddrik lenv extrahovany anthokyany ze slupek a dužniny plodv Sambucus nigra。Ve všech vzorcich z různych kultivardv byly anthokyany přitomny převažně Ve slupkach (avi 90% celkoveho obsahu)。Tyto i dalši factory je nutno brat v uvahu při vyvoji vhodne技术，由mohla podstatnje zlepšit kvalitu vyrobklovz plodje提供。
{"title":"Factors affecting the actual yield of active substances from anthocyanin-rich berries / Faktory ovlivňující skutečný výtěžek aktivních látek z plodů bohatých na anthokyany","authors":"A. Polášková, J. Spilková, A. Matějíček, H. Studená","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The content of anthocyanins in fruits (Sambucus nigra. Vaccinium myrtillus. Aronia melanocarpa) and in some fruit (berry) products was determined by differential spectrophotometry, a method recommended by AOAC International (former Association of Official Analytical Chemists). The method takes advantage of the reversible pH-dependent transformation of the colour to the colourless form of anthocyanins. The procedure and evaluation were refined to allow measurements of incompletely specified anthocyanin mixtures. Parameters of the determination (buffer composition, pH, stabilisation of samples, reference standards) were optimised. Using the modified method, anthocyanins in various matrices (fruits, syrups, wines) were measured with the aim to explain possible losses of these active substances during processing and/or storage of fruit products. Real samples of commercial products recommended conventionally as a valuable source of antioxidants were analysed and in some of them, only low levels of anthocyanins were found. In a model arrangement, anthocyanins in the skin and the pulp of Sambucus nigra fruits were extracted separately. In all samples of various cultivars, anthocyanins were present predominantly in the skin (up to 90% of the total content). Considering this, among other factors, a suitable extraction technology might improve the quality of berry products substantially. Slovak abstract Obsah anthokyanů v plodech (Sambucus nigra. Vaccinium myrtillus. Aronia melanocarpa) a v některych produktech z plodů byl stanoven diferenčni spektrofotometrii, metodou doporučenou AOAC International (dřivějši Associace oficialnich analytickych chemiků). Metoda využiva reverzibilni transformace barevne formy anthokyanů na bezbarvou v zavislosti na pH. Postup i způsob hodnoceni byly upraveny tak, aby umožnily měřeni i u ne zcela přesně definovanych směsi anthokyanů. Byly optimalizovany podminky stanoveni (složeni pufrů, pH, stabilizace vzorků, referenčni standardy). Pomoci modifikovane metody byly změřeny anthokyany v různych matricich (plody, sirupy, vino) s cilem vysvětlit možne ztraty aktivnich latek při zpracovani plodů a/nebo uchovavani produktů. Byly analyzovany vzorky vyrobků dostupnych v obchodni siti a doporučovanych obvykle jako cenny zdroj antioxidantů - v některych byl nalezen jen maly obsah anthokyanů. V modelovem uspořadani byly odděleně extrahovany anthokyany ze slupek a dužniny plodů Sambucus nigra. Ve všech vzorcich z různych kultivarů byly anthokyany přitomny převažně ve slupkach (až 90 % celkoveho obsahu). Tyto i dalši faktory je nutno brat v uvahu při vyvoji vhodne technologie, ktera by mohla podstatně zlepšit kvalitu vyrobků z plodů.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"11 1","pages":"31 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85023777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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