Maria Goboova, Magdaléna Kuželová, Viera Kissova, Dasa Bodakova, Elena Martišová
Abstract Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a recently reported condition in pathophysiology of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. ARC refers to the enhanced renal elimination of circulating solutes. These patients are either young or previously healthy people who have undergone surgery or multiple trauma. This case report describes an adjustment of dosing regime of vancomycin to a young patient, who demonstrated ARC with severe polytrauma, overcome crush syndrome and sepsis. This 16-year old male patient was crushed by a tractor, which caused severe tissue damaged in the right lower limb. He gradually developed a serious crush syndrome. When kidneys resumed their function, creatinine clearance reached the value that indicated ARC (339.81 mL/min/1.73 m2). Vancomycin was included in the patient’s treatment regime by administering conventional dose of 1 g per 12 hours. The residual measured levels were very low. The dose of vancomycin had to be adjusted to double and then to triple the conventional dose. Without the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and subsequent interpretation of the results by the clinical pharmacists, such high doses would not have been considered for administration. ARC responds strongly to sub-therapeutic serum vancomycin levels. Our case report confirms the significance of TDM and the consecutive interpretation of the results in critically ill patients.
{"title":"An adjustment of vancomycin dosing regimen for a young patient with augmented renal clearance: A case report / Úprava dávkového režimu vankomycínu pre mladého pacienta so zvýšeným renálnym klírensom: Kazuistika","authors":"Maria Goboova, Magdaléna Kuželová, Viera Kissova, Dasa Bodakova, Elena Martišová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a recently reported condition in pathophysiology of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. ARC refers to the enhanced renal elimination of circulating solutes. These patients are either young or previously healthy people who have undergone surgery or multiple trauma. This case report describes an adjustment of dosing regime of vancomycin to a young patient, who demonstrated ARC with severe polytrauma, overcome crush syndrome and sepsis. This 16-year old male patient was crushed by a tractor, which caused severe tissue damaged in the right lower limb. He gradually developed a serious crush syndrome. When kidneys resumed their function, creatinine clearance reached the value that indicated ARC (339.81 mL/min/1.73 m2). Vancomycin was included in the patient’s treatment regime by administering conventional dose of 1 g per 12 hours. The residual measured levels were very low. The dose of vancomycin had to be adjusted to double and then to triple the conventional dose. Without the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and subsequent interpretation of the results by the clinical pharmacists, such high doses would not have been considered for administration. ARC responds strongly to sub-therapeutic serum vancomycin levels. Our case report confirms the significance of TDM and the consecutive interpretation of the results in critically ill patients.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72957586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract An overview of the diagnostics and treatment of phenylketonuria in Slovakia is presented in this paper. The nature of diseases, incidence and prevalence in Slovakia, its genetic characteristics, current laboratory diagnostics and treatment options are defined. A new method of phenylketonuria screening in Slovakia, which has brought substantial improvement in early detection of the disease and shortening time for definitive diagnosis since 1995 as well as the importance of a tandem MS/MS (mass spectrometry) introduced in the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders, is presented. The current state of phenylketonuria treatment focusing on low-protein dietary treatment and supplementation of amino acid mixtures is analysed. The use of sapropterin, enzyme replacement therapy, large neutral amino acids supplementation and gene therapy are also discussed.
{"title":"A current view of the diagnostics and treatment of phenylketonuria in Slovakia","authors":"Oto Ürge","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An overview of the diagnostics and treatment of phenylketonuria in Slovakia is presented in this paper. The nature of diseases, incidence and prevalence in Slovakia, its genetic characteristics, current laboratory diagnostics and treatment options are defined. A new method of phenylketonuria screening in Slovakia, which has brought substantial improvement in early detection of the disease and shortening time for definitive diagnosis since 1995 as well as the importance of a tandem MS/MS (mass spectrometry) introduced in the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders, is presented. The current state of phenylketonuria treatment focusing on low-protein dietary treatment and supplementation of amino acid mixtures is analysed. The use of sapropterin, enzyme replacement therapy, large neutral amino acids supplementation and gene therapy are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"65 1","pages":"21 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86208424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The theoretical chemistry methods were used to elucidate absorption, distribution and physicochemical properties of AT1 receptor antagonists and dual angiotensin II and endothelin A receptor antagonist (PS-433540). Computed partition coefficients (ALOGPS method) studied for drugs varied between 2.98 and 6.66. Neutral compounds are described as lipophilic drugs. Telmisartan is a drug with the highest lipophilicity. The neutral forms of the studied AT1 receptor antagonists are practically insoluble in water, and their computed solubilities is in interval between 2.04 and 22.65 mg/l (ALOGpS method). The calculated pKa values for tetrazolyle moiety are in the range 3.92-5.00 and for carboxylic moiety 3.12-5.50. Telmisartan (polar surface area = 72.95 A) and irbesartan (polar surface area = 87.14 A) belong to the AT1 receptor antagonists with increased absorption.
{"title":"Modelling of absorption, distribution and physicochemical properties of AT1 receptor antagonists / Modelovanie absorpcie, distribúcie a fyzikálnochemických vlastnosti antagonistov AT1 receptorov","authors":"Pavol Ježko, Viera Žufková, Milan Remko","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The theoretical chemistry methods were used to elucidate absorption, distribution and physicochemical properties of AT1 receptor antagonists and dual angiotensin II and endothelin A receptor antagonist (PS-433540). Computed partition coefficients (ALOGPS method) studied for drugs varied between 2.98 and 6.66. Neutral compounds are described as lipophilic drugs. Telmisartan is a drug with the highest lipophilicity. The neutral forms of the studied AT1 receptor antagonists are practically insoluble in water, and their computed solubilities is in interval between 2.04 and 22.65 mg/l (ALOGpS method). The calculated pKa values for tetrazolyle moiety are in the range 3.92-5.00 and for carboxylic moiety 3.12-5.50. Telmisartan (polar surface area = 72.95 A) and irbesartan (polar surface area = 87.14 A) belong to the AT1 receptor antagonists with increased absorption.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"31 1","pages":"20 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89238282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Mlynáriková, D. Mičeková, J. Rovensky, E. Šteňová
Abstract Sjögren’s syndrome is a slowly progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands. Lymphocytic infiltrates replace functional epithelium and lead to decreased exocrine secretion of salivary and lacrimal glands - xerocrinopathy. Glands of intestinal system and pulmonary tract, skin and vaginal mucosa may also be affected. The most common extraglandular manifestations of primary Sjögren’s syndrome include skin vasculitis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, functional renal abnormalities, neuropathy and arthritis symptoms. This disorder may appear separately as a primary Sjögren’s syndrome or in connection with other inflammatory rheumatic diseases as secondary Sjögren’s syndrome. Treatment of the disease is based on topical ocular and oral therapy, extraglandular manifestations need to be treated with hydroxychloroquine and severe cases even with corticosteroid or immunosuppressive drugs.
{"title":"Sjögren’s syndrome","authors":"V. Mlynáriková, D. Mičeková, J. Rovensky, E. Šteňová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sjögren’s syndrome is a slowly progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands. Lymphocytic infiltrates replace functional epithelium and lead to decreased exocrine secretion of salivary and lacrimal glands - xerocrinopathy. Glands of intestinal system and pulmonary tract, skin and vaginal mucosa may also be affected. The most common extraglandular manifestations of primary Sjögren’s syndrome include skin vasculitis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, functional renal abnormalities, neuropathy and arthritis symptoms. This disorder may appear separately as a primary Sjögren’s syndrome or in connection with other inflammatory rheumatic diseases as secondary Sjögren’s syndrome. Treatment of the disease is based on topical ocular and oral therapy, extraglandular manifestations need to be treated with hydroxychloroquine and severe cases even with corticosteroid or immunosuppressive drugs.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"13 1","pages":"14 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83989095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease, which because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic profile is an ideal candidate for the development of extended release formulations. The aim of this study is to present a kinetic analysis of the pentoxifylline release from different extended release tablets formulations, using mechanistic and empirical kinetic models. A number of 28 formulations were prepared and analysed; the analysed formulations differed in the nature of the matrix forming polymers (hydrophilic, lipophilic, inert) and in their concentrations. Measurements were conducted in comparison with the reference product Trental 400 mg (Aventis Pharma). The conditions for the dissolution study were according to official regulations of USP 36: apparatus no. 2, dissolution medium water, volume of dissolution medium is 1,000 mL, rotation speed is 50 rpm, spectrophotometric assay at 274 nm. Six mathematical models, five mechanistic (0 orders, 1st-order release, Higuchi, Hopfenberg, Hixson-Crowell) and one empirical (Peppas), were fitted to pentoxifylline dissolution profile from each pharmaceutical formulation. The representative model describing the kinetics of pentoxifylline release was the 1st-order release, and its characteristic parameters were calculated and analysed.
{"title":"Kinetic Modelling of Drug Release from Pentoxifylline Matrix Tablets based on Hydrophilic, Lipophilic and Inert Polymers","authors":"E. Mircia, L. Vlase, G. Hancu, M. Budău, R. Soare","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease, which because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic profile is an ideal candidate for the development of extended release formulations. The aim of this study is to present a kinetic analysis of the pentoxifylline release from different extended release tablets formulations, using mechanistic and empirical kinetic models. A number of 28 formulations were prepared and analysed; the analysed formulations differed in the nature of the matrix forming polymers (hydrophilic, lipophilic, inert) and in their concentrations. Measurements were conducted in comparison with the reference product Trental 400 mg (Aventis Pharma). The conditions for the dissolution study were according to official regulations of USP 36: apparatus no. 2, dissolution medium water, volume of dissolution medium is 1,000 mL, rotation speed is 50 rpm, spectrophotometric assay at 274 nm. Six mathematical models, five mechanistic (0 orders, 1st-order release, Higuchi, Hopfenberg, Hixson-Crowell) and one empirical (Peppas), were fitted to pentoxifylline dissolution profile from each pharmaceutical formulation. The representative model describing the kinetics of pentoxifylline release was the 1st-order release, and its characteristic parameters were calculated and analysed.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"229 1","pages":"12 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76975698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Konečný, I. Mlkva, J. Simko, L. Copáková, L. Kádasi, F. Cisárik, L. Dolesova, K. Závodná, J. Markus
Abstract Genetic diagnostics of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) has been performed in Slovakia in many different forms before the year 2000. Complex HBOC genetic analysis consists of many steps, including the initial genetic consultation, laboratory testing of genes associated with HBOC, interpretation and report of DNA analysis results, secondary explanatory genetic consultation and recommendation of clinical management for pathological mutation carriers. Many clinicians are participating on this workflow, such as clinical geneticists, laboratory diagnosticians as well as gynaecologists, oncologists or radio-diagnosticians. Currently, genetic testing is still technically and financially demanding and aimed only at selected families or patients who fulfil the defined clinical indication criteria. Positive result of DNA analysis, that is, detection of pathological mutation in genes associated with HBOC syndrome means that the risk of breast/ovarian cancer onset in mutation carriers is amplified. This predisposition markedly affects the clinical management and treatment of patient and other members of the family, thus creating the demand to establish widely accepted specific recommendations for genetic diagnostics of HBOC. In the past, the analysis of HBOC in Slovakia followed various technical approaches and indication criteria depending on the workflow of specific laboratory. The guidelines reported below adhere to the current trends in DNA analysis and clinical healthcare, define the criteria for diagnostic laboratories, conditions for genetic testing and determine indications for selection of HBOC families and further clinical management of mutation carriers.
{"title":"Guidelines for complex genetic analysis of hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome in slovak population","authors":"M. Konečný, I. Mlkva, J. Simko, L. Copáková, L. Kádasi, F. Cisárik, L. Dolesova, K. Závodná, J. Markus","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genetic diagnostics of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) has been performed in Slovakia in many different forms before the year 2000. Complex HBOC genetic analysis consists of many steps, including the initial genetic consultation, laboratory testing of genes associated with HBOC, interpretation and report of DNA analysis results, secondary explanatory genetic consultation and recommendation of clinical management for pathological mutation carriers. Many clinicians are participating on this workflow, such as clinical geneticists, laboratory diagnosticians as well as gynaecologists, oncologists or radio-diagnosticians. Currently, genetic testing is still technically and financially demanding and aimed only at selected families or patients who fulfil the defined clinical indication criteria. Positive result of DNA analysis, that is, detection of pathological mutation in genes associated with HBOC syndrome means that the risk of breast/ovarian cancer onset in mutation carriers is amplified. This predisposition markedly affects the clinical management and treatment of patient and other members of the family, thus creating the demand to establish widely accepted specific recommendations for genetic diagnostics of HBOC. In the past, the analysis of HBOC in Slovakia followed various technical approaches and indication criteria depending on the workflow of specific laboratory. The guidelines reported below adhere to the current trends in DNA analysis and clinical healthcare, define the criteria for diagnostic laboratories, conditions for genetic testing and determine indications for selection of HBOC families and further clinical management of mutation carriers.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"10 1","pages":"2 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73514726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Transcriptional co-regulation of adjacent genes has been observed for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, alike. High levels of gene adjacency were also found in a wide variety of yeast species with a high frequency of co-regulated gene sets. The aim of this research was to study how selective pressure on the Histidinol dehydrogenase gene (HIS4), using amino acid starvation, affects the level of expression and secretion of the adjacent human interferon gamma gene (hIFNγ) in the recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115 strain, a histidine-deficient mutant. hIFNγ was cloned into the pPIC9 vector adjacent to the HIS4 gene, a gene essential for histidine biosynthesis, which was then transformed into P. pastoris. The transformed P. pastoris was cultured under continuous amino acid starvation in amino acid-free minimal medium for ten days, with five inoculations into unspent medium every second day. Under these conditions, only successfully transformed cells (hIFNγ -HIS4+) are able to synthesise histidine and therefore thrive. As shown by ELISA, amino acid starvation-induced selective pressure on HIS4 improved expression and secretion of the adjacent hIFNγ by 55% compared to unchallenged cells. RT-qPCR showed that there was also a positive correlation between duration of amino acid starvation and increased levels of the hIFNγ RNA transcripts. According to these results, it is suggested that these adjacent genes (hIFNγ and HIS4) in the transformed P. pastoris are transcriptionally co-regulated and their expression is synchronised. To the best of the knowledge of the authors; this is the first study demonstrating that amino acid starvationinduced selective pressure on HIS4 can alter the regulation pattern of adjacent genes in P. pastoris.
{"title":"Increased expression and secretion of recombinant hIFNγ through amino acid starvation-induced selective pressure on the adjacent HIS4 gene in Pichia pastoris","authors":"Ali Razaghi, R. Huerlimann, L. Owens, K. Heimann","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Transcriptional co-regulation of adjacent genes has been observed for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, alike. High levels of gene adjacency were also found in a wide variety of yeast species with a high frequency of co-regulated gene sets. The aim of this research was to study how selective pressure on the Histidinol dehydrogenase gene (HIS4), using amino acid starvation, affects the level of expression and secretion of the adjacent human interferon gamma gene (hIFNγ) in the recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115 strain, a histidine-deficient mutant. hIFNγ was cloned into the pPIC9 vector adjacent to the HIS4 gene, a gene essential for histidine biosynthesis, which was then transformed into P. pastoris. The transformed P. pastoris was cultured under continuous amino acid starvation in amino acid-free minimal medium for ten days, with five inoculations into unspent medium every second day. Under these conditions, only successfully transformed cells (hIFNγ -HIS4+) are able to synthesise histidine and therefore thrive. As shown by ELISA, amino acid starvation-induced selective pressure on HIS4 improved expression and secretion of the adjacent hIFNγ by 55% compared to unchallenged cells. RT-qPCR showed that there was also a positive correlation between duration of amino acid starvation and increased levels of the hIFNγ RNA transcripts. According to these results, it is suggested that these adjacent genes (hIFNγ and HIS4) in the transformed P. pastoris are transcriptionally co-regulated and their expression is synchronised. To the best of the knowledge of the authors; this is the first study demonstrating that amino acid starvationinduced selective pressure on HIS4 can alter the regulation pattern of adjacent genes in P. pastoris.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"7 1","pages":"43 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85145117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Alkaptonuria (AKU) is the first described inborn error of metabolism and a classical example of rare autosomal recessive disease. AKU patients carry homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the gene coding for enzyme homogentisate dioxygenase (HGD) involved in metabolism of tyrosine. The metabolic block in AKU causes accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) that, with advancing age of the patient, leads to severe and painful ochronotic arthropathy. HGD gene was mapped to chromosome 3q13.3 and is composed of 14 exons. In about 400 patients, 142 pathogenic variants were reported that are listed in HGD mutations database (http://hgddatabase.cvtisr.sk/). In this review, we summarise different aspects of AKU genetics and impact of the HGD variants on enzyme function.
{"title":"Genetics of alkaptonuria – an overview","authors":"A. Zaťková, M. Némethová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Alkaptonuria (AKU) is the first described inborn error of metabolism and a classical example of rare autosomal recessive disease. AKU patients carry homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the gene coding for enzyme homogentisate dioxygenase (HGD) involved in metabolism of tyrosine. The metabolic block in AKU causes accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) that, with advancing age of the patient, leads to severe and painful ochronotic arthropathy. HGD gene was mapped to chromosome 3q13.3 and is composed of 14 exons. In about 400 patients, 142 pathogenic variants were reported that are listed in HGD mutations database (http://hgddatabase.cvtisr.sk/). In this review, we summarise different aspects of AKU genetics and impact of the HGD variants on enzyme function.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"43 1","pages":"27 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89169717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Stankovicová, V. Miháliková, Ľ. Mezovský, A. Lašáková, V. Medlenová, I. Malík
Slovak abstract Acta Fac. Pharm. Univ. Comen. LXII, 2015 (2): 38-42. ISSN 1338-6786 (online) and ISSN 0301-2298 (print version), DOI: 10.1515/afpuc-2015-0032 Received September 22, 2015, accepted October 28, 2015 Original research article/Review * E-mail: stankovicm@fpharm.uniba.sk Deriváty kyseliny fenylkarbámovej – alkalická hydrolýza – chemická kinetika – antiarytmiká – stabilita Kľúčové slová: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Farmaceutická Fakulta, Katedra Farmaceutickej Chémie, Bratislava, Slovenská republika Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovak Republic / Phenylcarbamic acid derivatives with integrated n-phenylpiperazine moiety in the... Stankovičová M. et al. Acta Fac. Pharm. Univ. Comen. LXII, 2015 (2): 38-42. 40 39 parameters, i.e. activation energy EA determined from temperature dependence of the rate constants. Following the evaluation of complex physicochemical properties of basic esters, the aim of this work is the study of kinetics of their alkaline hydrolysis. In terms of fundamental structural aspects, the influence of alkoxy side chain attached to phenyl ring as well as the substitution on N-phenylpiperazin-1-yl moiety within the structure on the stability is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS
{"title":"Phenylcarbamic acid derivatives with integrated n-phenylpiperazine moiety in the structure – kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis study / Deriváty kyseliny fenylkarbámovej s integrovanou n-fenylpiperazínovou zložkou v štruktúre – štúdium kinetiky alkalickej hydrolýzy","authors":"M. Stankovicová, V. Miháliková, Ľ. Mezovský, A. Lašáková, V. Medlenová, I. Malík","doi":"10.1515/AFPUC-2015-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/AFPUC-2015-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Slovak abstract Acta Fac. Pharm. Univ. Comen. LXII, 2015 (2): 38-42. ISSN 1338-6786 (online) and ISSN 0301-2298 (print version), DOI: 10.1515/afpuc-2015-0032 Received September 22, 2015, accepted October 28, 2015 Original research article/Review * E-mail: stankovicm@fpharm.uniba.sk Deriváty kyseliny fenylkarbámovej – alkalická hydrolýza – chemická kinetika – antiarytmiká – stabilita Kľúčové slová: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Farmaceutická Fakulta, Katedra Farmaceutickej Chémie, Bratislava, Slovenská republika Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovak Republic / Phenylcarbamic acid derivatives with integrated n-phenylpiperazine moiety in the... Stankovičová M. et al. Acta Fac. Pharm. Univ. Comen. LXII, 2015 (2): 38-42. 40 39 parameters, i.e. activation energy EA determined from temperature dependence of the rate constants. Following the evaluation of complex physicochemical properties of basic esters, the aim of this work is the study of kinetics of their alkaline hydrolysis. In terms of fundamental structural aspects, the influence of alkoxy side chain attached to phenyl ring as well as the substitution on N-phenylpiperazin-1-yl moiety within the structure on the stability is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"37 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87522637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urmila Jarouliya, A. Zacharia, Raj K. Keservani, G. Prasad
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to explore the antioxidant effect of Spirulina maxima in rat model along with the histopathological observations. Diabetes was induced by feeding 10% fructose solution orally to Wistar rats (n = 6) for 30 days, analysed for plasma blood glucose and the markers of the oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)]. These biochemical studies were associated with histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections. The microalga Spirulina maxima being rich in proteins and other essential nutrients is widely used as a food supplement. S. maxima at a dose of 5 and 10% per kg and the metformin (500 mg/kg) as reference drug were given orally for 30 days to the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed significant (p < 0.001) elevations in plasma blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and significant reduction in catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activity. Oral administration of 5 and 10% aqueous extract of S. maxima for 30 days restored not only of blood glucose levels but also markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological observations of tissues manifested that the S. maxima administration had the protective and therapeutic effects against fructose-induced abnormalities in diabetic rats. It is concluded that S. maxima is effective in reinstating the antioxidant activity in addition to its antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats.
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